In this study, a gel combustion method was used to prepare fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) nano
powders. Stannous chloride dehydrate, hydrofluoric acid, and different fuels of glycine, urea, and citric
acid were used to synthesize FTO nano powder, followed by calcination at 600 °C. The results showed
that using citric acid as a fuel gives homogenous FTO nano powder with average particle size of 40 nm
and round morphology.
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