The paper reveals the topography contribution to the rehabilitation and modernization of infrastructure for road transport. Specifically, the surveying contribution in this case consisted of: bringing in the work area of new points needed to trace and for detail surveying; the processing of data gathered from the field resulted a significant amount of information with topo-cadastral interest; graphic representation of all elements measured and processed according to the needs and desired aspects to be highlighted

Calina, A.

Calina, Jenica

Milut, M.

English

The paper reveals the topography contribution to the rehabilitation and modernization ofÂ infrastructure for road transport. Specifically, the surveying contribution in this caseÂ consisted of: bringing in the work area of new points needed to trace and for detailÂ surveying; the processing of data gathered from the field resulted a significant amount ofÂ information with topo-cadastral interest; graphic representation of all elements measuredÂ and processed according to the needs and desired aspects to be highlighted

Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series

Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture,Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLV 201538TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS TO IMPROVE THE INFRASTRUCTUREFOR ROAD TRANSPORTCĂLINA JENICA, CĂLINA A., MILUȚ M.University of Craiova, Faculty of AgricultureKeywords: surveying, road section, longitudinal profile, modernizationABSTRACTThe paper reveals the topography contribution to the rehabilitation and modernization ofinfrastructure for road transport. Specifically, the surveying contribution in this caseconsisted of: bringing in the work area of new points needed to trace and for detailsurveying; the processing of data gathered from the field resulted a significant amount ofinformation with topo-cadastral interest; graphic representation of all elements measuredand processed according to the needs and desired aspects to be highlighted.INTRODUCTIONCarrying out field studies involves data collection, processing and representation ofplans and maps of all the planimetric and levelling details, also the use of topographicequipment and methods of calculation and graphical reporting, for which is necessary toknow the theoretical and practical notions of almost all technical areas (Calina, 2010;Calina, 2015; Păunescu, 2001).The roads are part of the the national transport system and are terrestrialcommunication paths specially built for vehicles and pedestrians. Are part of the roads:bridges, viaducts, passages, tunnels, construction of defense, sidewalks, bike lanes,parking, traffic signs and other facilities for traffic safety, land forming part of the road lessprotection zones. Road Administration aims the design, construction, rehabilitation,modernization, maintenance and operation of the roads.Topographic survey is an important step in the rehabilitation and upgrading oftransport infrastructure (Calina, 2012, Miluț, 2014). Digital topographic plan represents thetechnical basis for the realization of the Road Informational System. Worldwide andRomania, process of automation for topographic works is continuous, both in theequipment, and technologies of collection and processing of data (in some cases directlyon the ground) and reporting plans using specialized software for certain applications,leading to true automated production lines (Călina, 2014a; Călina, 2014b;Tămâioagă,2007).Road section surveyed in this paper ensures the traffic through Craiova andconnects Bucharest with Drobeta Turnu-Severin. The street network (Figure 1) of Craiovais developed and very complex. It shows a higher density in the central and southern part,while in the northern part prevail railway network of Craiova.Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture,Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLV 201539Figure. 1. Road networkMATERIALS AND METHODSThe purpose of the work was planimetrical and levelling survey of Nicolae TitulescuBoulevard - Calea Severinului km 0+000 - km 1+440, over a length of 1430 m. NicolaeTitulescu Boulevard is located between major intersections in Craiova and start from theintersection of Stefan cel Mare, Calea Unirii and Calea Bucureşti to the intersectionPaşcani, Toporasi and Maria Tanase. The location of work fits functionally and urbanisticin the area which includes construction with complex functions: residential (apartment H1,H2, H3, G1, G2, I1, I2, I3, B1, B2, B3, 7, 9, A1, 4, 23, 20 etc.), public interest (Court ofAppeal Craiova, Philanthropy Hospital, Church) and general interest (Union Complex,restaurants, shops, etc.). Surveying was executed in Stereo'70 projection system and thequota system Black Sea 1975, using as support network new points determined with thehelp of modern equipment such as: Leica TC 407 total station and Leica Sprinter 150Mdigital level.In the field were executed two supported traverses: First supported traverse was performed on a length of 1430 m (Figure 2,Table 1) starting from C1.3 landmark with orientation visa on T1, goingthrough station points 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000,9000 closing on C29.1 landmark with orientation visas on T29 and T72; The second supported traverse, starting from the absolute coordinates andaltitude of C1.3 included 58 stations from 1 to 58 being closed on thecoordinates and the absolute altitude of C29.1 point (Figure 3, Table 1).Table 1. Old support pointsPoint no. Absolute coordinates AltitudeZX YT1 313849.678 405068.436 0.000T29 314878.633 402778.064 0.000C1.3 314211.250 403924.607 93.278C29.1 314879.737 402690.438 87.998Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture,Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLV 201540NFigure 2.  First  supported traverse                  Figure 3. Second supported traverseDetails existing along the boulevard and next to it were measured using radiation.Data processing was done in the specialized program CalTOP, to obtain altitude andabsolute rectangular coordinates of measured points.For all the planimetric and levelling details plotting at AutoCAD LT 2000 programmehave been attached TopoLT and Topograph subprograms.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONDelimiting points of edge of the road, culverts and sidewalks (Table 2) were takenfrom: C1.3, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000 and C29.1. Followingthe topographic work enforced in the area, resulted a level difference of 5.288 m, landaltitude of starting point being 93.278 m and the final altitude was 87.998 m. Works forrehabilitation and modernization were conducted generally in the current footprint of theroad, however there are road sections in which the works for rehabilitation are locatedoutside the current footprint such as consolidation, some small corrections to the route tobe removed blackheads. Road footprint is the land area occupied by the constructiveelements of the road: the roadway, sidewalks, shoulders, ditches, culverts, embankments,retaining walls and artwork.Table. 2Coordinate inventory – partiallyProjection System Stereo'70, Black Sea altitude system 1975Pointno.Absolute coordinates AltitudeZX Y1 314262.959 404030.090 93.9882 314263.782 404029.771 94.0643 314263.799 404029.748 94.0614 314254.736 404009.004 93.5985 314247.654 404009.697 93.5756 314240.796 403992.314 93.3417 314247.029 403989.625 93.1958 314247.524 403989.511 93.3489 314251.194 403987.229 93.367170 314314.988 403848.781 95.813171 314313.648 403845.171 95.745172 314313.577 403845.100 95.798173 314313.441 403843.461 95.867Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture,Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLV 201541174 314311.602 403840.004 95.902175 314309.856 403836.444 96.077176 314317.912 403858.273 95.774177 314319.968 403861.710 95.724178 314322.297 403864.649 95.698179 314322.307 403864.872 95.803180 314324.266 403868.541 95.823258 314401.138 403828.074 97.867259 314402.488 403832.813 98.145260 314399.682 403833.992 98.009261 314383.429 403821.084 97.591262 314381.753 403817.494 97.475277 314417.084 403808.042 98.282278 314421.808 403818.780 98.166279 314426.218 403816.738 98.219280 314424.468 403822.997 98.464281 314427.264 403821.923 98.482Longitudinal profile design was done taking into account the following principles:maximum allowable slope of 7%; the minimum design step 50 m; the compensationprinciple of earthwork volumes; principle of avoiding high embankments and deep cuts. Inthe longitudinal profile, the  road follow STAS limitation there are no higher declivity thanthose admitted (Figure 4).Figure  4. Longitudinal profileCrosswise profile of a terrestrial communication routes represents normal verticalsection on road axis in any point of the route (Calina, 2010, 2014a). Cross profiles wereexecuted at a distance of 10 m from each other to the outer edges of the corridor andcontain representative points of detail in sufficient quantity (Figure 5).Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture,Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLV 201542Figure 5. Crosswise profileCONCLUSIONSIn the context of the work required to rehabilitate and modernize a road topographiccontribution consisted of: identifying points of geodetic network and determination (in thework area ) of new points necessary to surveying details and tracing it; in the surveyingstage was collected and recorded important information which by processing generated aconsiderable amount of topo-cadastral data; based on data analysis results we werechosen the most optimal solutions for consolidation, route adjustments, the design of theroad structure, etc.BIBLIOGRAPHY1. Călina, A. et al., 2010- General and engineering topography, Ed. II.Sitech Publishing,Craiova, pp. 390;2. Călina A. et al., 2014a - Engineering topography,Sitech Publishing, Craiova, pp.131.3. Călina J., Călina A., Miluț M., 2012 - Use of GPS and classical technologies in themodernization works of DC 108 from the Bradesti locality, Dolj County, Annals of theUniversity of Craiova - Agriculture,Montanology, Cadastre Series, Vol. XLII, 311-315 pp;4. Călina J., Călina A., Băbucă  N., 2014b - Study on the Implementation of GISDatabases in Achieving the General Urban Plan, 4th International MultidisciplinaryScientific GeoConference SGEM 2014, Conference Proceedings, Book 2, Vol. 1, 817-824pp5. Călina A., Călina J., Miluț M., 2015 - Study on Levelling Works Made for DrawingTridimensional Models of Surface and Calculus of the Volume of Earthwork, Agricultureand Agricultural Science Procedia, Vol 6, 413 – 420 pp.6. Miluț M.,Călina J., Călina A., Buzatu C.V.,  2014- Aachievement of Network Supportfor the Construction of a New Communication Way, Annals of the University of Craiova -Agriculture,Montanology, Cadastre Series, Vol. XLIV, 131-134 pp.7. Tămâioaga Gh. and Tămâioaga  D. 2007. Automation of Cadastral Works. PublishingMatrix Rom, Bucharest, 268-269 pp.

TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS TO IMPROVE THE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ROAD TRANSPORT

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TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS TO IMPROVE THE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ROAD TRANSPORT

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Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series