Krawczyk, Jolanta

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ZESZYTY NAUKOWE UNIWERSYTETU RZESZOWSKIEGOSERIA FILOLOGICZNA ZESZYT 69/2011  STUDIA ANGLICA RESOVIENSIA 8Jolanta KrawczykPODKARPACKIE FORUM FILOLOGICZNE SERIA: J^ZYKOZNAWSTWO, G.A. KLEPARSKI, R. KIELTYKA (EDS). JAROSLAW: WYDAWNICTWO PANSTWOWEJ WYZSZEJ SZKOLY ZAWODOWEJ, 2010.InrecentdecadestherehavebeenmanylinguisticinitiativesintheSubcarpathian region and - in particular - a number of new linguistic journals have been started at the University of Rzeszow, in particular in the Department of  English. Worthy of note here are Stadia Anglica Resoviensia edited by GA.  Kleparski and his colleagues; InMedias Res published by Promar International and edited by GA Kleparski and his colleagues; and since 2007 Galicia English Teachings yearly, edited by G A. Kleparski and his fellow linguists, has been issued on a regular basis.The  volume  reviewed  here  forms  yet  another  development  of recently taken initiatives, in that the papers collected within the canvas of the volume were  earlier  delivered  at  the  first  philological  conference  organized  by Podkarpackie  Forum  Filologiczne  (2010)  in  Jaroslaw.  The  volume  contains over  twenty  papers  authored  in  Polish,  which  altogether  constitute  a  body of contributions  of varying  academic  interests  and  linguistic  relevance,  all prefaced by Prof.  Marek  Stanisz and reviewed by two  University of Rzeszow based  scholars,  that  is  Prof.  Jadwiga  Lizak  and  Prof.  Kazimierz  Ozog.To  begin  with  let  us  make  an  attempt  at  analysing  the  contents  of the individual papers, following the alphabetical order in which they are organised in the volume. To start with, P. Bak in his article directs our attention to the German language, its specific character and some problems in the range of translation. The author discusses the practical dimension of some theoretical issues and the meaning of the descriptive approach to the language; that is the aspects which are often not (fully) appreciated either by learners or teachers. Another author that deals with difficulties of translation is J. Biskup in her article Neologizmy w tworczosci S.I.  Witkiewicza w thimaczeniu na jezvk niemiecki. The paper shows the  problem  of translation  of Witkiewicz's  neologisms  and  his  original  and419innovative writing style. All in all, the article aims at showing how the translator deals  with  difficulties  with  the  intranslatability  of certain  items  and  tries  to examine whether German is suitable for the innovative constructions of Witkacy.The next two articles, authored by J. Boratynska and R. Pytlik, are worth discussing together since they both analyse language transfer in the process of acquisition of German as L3  after English L2. And so, J. Boratynska presents the  aspects  of negative  and  positive  lexical  transfer and  provides  numerous examples to prove the given hypotheses and to indicate the main source of the phenomenon investigated. Correspondingly, R. Pytlik in her Rodzctjnikniemiecki i przedimek angielski jctko problem lingwistyczny diet Polctkct -  probct ctnctlizy kontrcistjnvnej compares the articles used in model German and English noun phrases  and makes  an  attempt to  investigate  to  what  degree  a Polish  native speaker acquiring German as a second foreign language can be given adequate assistance from English (L2) while relying on their English competence and in which instances it is advisable to use caution. There is one more paper concerning the  close  relation between  English  and  German. A.  Buk  (Wspolne  korzenie: o pokrewiehstwie  genetycznym jez\!kow  germcthskich  net przyklctdzie  okresleh z dziedziny dendrologii) makes a strong claim that the lexical resemblance of  these two languages can be observed in almost every branch of vocabulary. In the paper the author presents such similarities on the basis of botanical names and narrows her analysis down to German and English terms from the field of dendrology.For  those  readers  who  seek  information  on  the  language  of  media there  are  several  papers  that  will  make  a  good  read.  In  her  article  Ksztalt nctglowkow prasowych M. Dupel offers a review of selected press headlines and concentrates on the  development of current tendencies in contemporary local press. The author pays attention to language games and other mechanisms used by the press to attract and encourage readers to buy local newspapers. At the same time,  J.  Kania in Horoskop jctko gatimek tekstu prctsowego -  wstep do ctnctlizy porownctwczej focuses on horoscopes - a very popular type of text in contemporary press. The author presents a pilot study on horoscopes that deals with the  topics  they  cover  (mainly  love  and  partnerships),  and the  ways  of presenting them. A more detailed and extensive characterisation of contemporary language of the media is proposed by W.  Ostafiriski  (() odpowiedzictlnosci za slowct w relctcjctch spolecznvch ). The author blames the media for the crisis of language in both the public and private  spheres. The  author pays attention to the  abuse  of the power of words:  instrumentalisation and manipulation,  with words  as the  main threats to  proper interpersonal  communication.  Similarly, the  strong,  bilateral  language-culture  interface  is  discussed  in  K.  Ozog's article Jezyk jctko fenomen kulturowy -  kilkct uwcig o relctcjctch jezykct i kultury.420Another group of articles are aimed at showing, on the basis of selected English, Polish and German examples, the nature of interaction between language and sex, perceived particularly in the aspect of sexual inequality finding its reflection in language. In his paper Czy ta lepsza jest gorsza niz ten lepszy i dlaczego jest rektor,  a nie ma rektorki G.A. Kleparski makes an attempt to trace the outlines of the phenomenon of linguistic sexism. He makes an attempt to prove that terms for females are more likely to become pejorative and acquire sexual implications. Moreover, Kleparski confirms his earlier observations that almost all pejorative extensions that have appeared contain a certain element of socio-cultural background. An equally interesting discussion on language sexism and pejoration of  women terms is proposed by B. Kochman-Haladyj in Seksizm jezykowy  jako  jeden z mechanizmów dyskrymincicji kobiet. The author notices that language describing women is often vulgar and contemptuous and frequently refers to the sexual sphere.Should readers be interested in the methodology of language teaching, the article by A.  Szewel outlines the possibilities for English teachers to apply classics of rock music in teaching vocabulary, grammar and phonetics, as well as organise language and culture study projects enhancing students' skills. Yet another paper to be discussed here is Rama  'Gra w karty  zastosowanie modeli kognitywnych w opisie slownictwa authored by A. Uberman. Having presented the description of the frame PLAYING CARDS, the author comes to the conclusion that they offer the opportunity of applying selected cognitive models in teaching vocabulary -  instructions and descriptions.All the papers sketched above are well-organised with clear and logical lines of argumentation with apparent mistakes limited to a few minor ones of  punctuation. What is more, the majority of authors provide numerous examples to illustrate and support the proposed theses.However,  some  of the  papers  seem to be  more  interesting  and enjoyable  to readjhan others. First of all, P. Cymbalista in his work Od pastucha do programisty, czyli kognitywne spojrzenie na polisemiczne perypetie kowboja makes an attempt at conducting a cognitive analysis of the changes in the meaning of the words cowboy and kowboy -  its subsequent English loanword in Polish. The author aptly describes the semantic alterations, mainly pejoration of meaning but also cases of amelioration, all conditioned chiefly by the social or cultural properties of the given societies.The next article titled Kochajqcy inaczej a proces eufemizacji na bazie jezyka angielskiego by B. Duda deals with euphemisms, functions of euphemistic expressions and linguistic sources of their creation. Strictly speaking, the author makes an attempt to depict the nature of euphemisms used in English as a means of covering the taboo terms present in the conceptual domain SEXUAL ORIENTATION.Another paper that immediately attracts the reader's attention isNapogrcmiczu morfologii i semantyki by R. Kieltyka. The contribution authored by this member of the Rzeszów School of Diachronic Semantics is devoted to the  issue  of the421linguistic picture of the so-called gender-specific asymmetries that concern the relationship between morphological categories and axiological load carried by them.  On the basis of research the author proves the postulate put forward by other linguists according to which the image of gender in natural languages is asymmetrical in that it presents an unfavourable picture of females. Furthermore, the research study carried out here attempts to signal that the problem in hand is highly complex and it may concern such conceptual categories as, for example, TREES, FLOWERS, VEGETABLES, BIRDS or FISH - all of them pertaining to the linguistic picture of the world.Last but not least, there  is  one  more  article that clearly  stands  out from the  others,  namely  Innosc  od kuchni  (brytyjskiej)  by  M.  Kudla.  The  paper investigates  the  phenomenon  of foodsemic  ethnonymy;  that  is  metaphorical or metonymic use of names of foodstuff to describe other nations. Ethnonyms and the  application of foodsemy  can be  found in every culture  and in every natural language; however, the terms themselves are closely connected to their cultural contexts. The author competently illustrates the mechanism discussed with  a  number  of foodsemic  ethnonyms  referring  to  the  inhabitants  of the British Isles. At the  same time, he demonstrates  an impressive knowledge  of the  issues  involved  and  deep  command  of the  issues'  cultural  background.On the other hand, one must point to certain contributions to the volume that stand out in a somewhat different way, either in their originality or novelty of linguistic facts. Such an example is the striking paper offered by E. Wicclawska in  Starocmgielskie  lip:  pilotazowe  stiidium  semantyczno-frazeologiczne.  The paper aims to present the complexity of semantics of the lexical unit lip in Old English in two basic dimensions. The author proposes an in-depth analysis of two selected senses, namely the semantic potential of the analysed lexical unit in its etymological and secondary senses, and points out the senses emerging from the relevant phraseological units.At the same time, Bratko-Makaran in his paper reaches the climax of either scholarly meta-expertise or - what may be referred to as - forced originality. The  author  presents  the  status  of  so-called  easy-to-please  constructions  in Old English and tries to prove that OE /o-infinitivcs analysed as Prepositional Phrases may obtain various properties  of easy-to-please  constructions  at that stage  of language  change.  Although,  I  may  pride  myself on  being  a native speaker of Polish, I find it somewhat difficult to follow not only the main line of Bratko-Makaran's arguments, but also the terminological apparatus, and also the proposed solutions and conventions.What appears from the analysis above is that the set of papers under scrutiny covers  a wide  range  of subjects  that  are  presented  in  a comprehensible  and logical way and illustrated with pertinent and vivid examples.  Moreover, this422volume gives readers a chance to come across novelty and originality in modem linguistic studies, especially in the most riveting and prominent papers, belonging to P. Cymbalista, B. Duda, R. Kieltyka and M. Kudla. What is more, one may hope to see yet another set of contributions of varying interests presented during subsequent philological conferences.References:Kleparski, G.A. (ed.) (2009) In Medias Res. Studia Resoviensia in Lingua et Letteris. Rzeszow: Wydawnictwo Promar-Intemational Kleparski,  G.A., E. Rokosz-Piejko and A. Uberman (eds) (2009) Galicia English Teachings. Rzeszow: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego.423

In Medias Res. Studia Resoviensia in Lingua et Letteris. Rzeszow: Wydawnictwo Promar-Intemational Kleparski,

G.A. Kleparski, R. Kieltyka (eds): Podkarpackie forum filologiczne seria: Językoznawstwo, Jaroslaw, Wydawnictwo Panstwowej Wyzszej Szkoly Zawodowej, 2010.

G.A. Kleparski, R. Kieltyka (eds): Podkarpackie forum filologiczne seria: Językoznawstwo, Jaroslaw, Wydawnictwo Panstwowej Wyzszej Szkoly Zawodowej, 2010.

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