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research
Allosteric Conversation in the Androgen Receptor Ligand-Binding Domain Surfaces
Authors
John D Baxter
Charlotte Bevan
+8 more
Greg Brooke
Víctor Buzón
Laia R Carbó
Eva Estébanez-Perpiñá
Juan Fernández-Recio
Solène Grosdidier
Phuong Nguyen
Paul Webb
Publication date
1 June 2012
Publisher
'The Endocrine Society'
Doi
Cite
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is a major therapeutic target that plays pivotal roles in prostate cancer (PCa) and androgen insensitivity syndromes. Wepreviously proposed that compounds recruited to ligand-binding domain (LBD) surfaces could regulate AR activity in hormone-refractory PCa and discovered several surface modulators of AR function. Surprisingly, the most effective compounds bound preferentially to a surface of unknown function [binding function 3 (BF-3)] instead of the coactivator-binding site [activation function 2 (AF-2)]. Different BF-3 mutations have been identified in PCa or androgen insensitivity syndrome patients, and they can strongly affect AR activity. Further, comparison of AR x-ray structures with and without bound ligands at BF-3 and AF-2 showed structural coupling between both pockets. Here, we combine experimental evidence and molecular dynamic simulations to investigate whether BF-3 mutations affect AR LBD function and dynamics possibly via allosteric conversation between surface sites. Our data indicate that AF-2 conformation is indeed closely coupled to BF-3 and provide mechanistic proof of their structural interconnection. BF-3 mutations may function as allosteric elicitors, probably shifting the AR LBD conformational ensemble toward conformations that alter AF-2 propensity to reorganize into subpockets that accommodate N-terminal domain and coactivator peptides. The induced conformation may result in either increased or decreased AR activity. Activating BF-3 mutations also favor the formation of another pocket (BF-4) in the vicinity of AF-2 and BF-3, which we also previously identified as a hot spot for a small compound. We discuss the possibility that BF-3 may be a protein-docking site that binds to the N-terminal domain and corepressors. AR surface sites are attractive pharmacological targets to develop allosteric modulators that might be alternative lead compounds for drug design. © 2012 by The Endocrie Society
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Last time updated on 16/12/2013
Crossref
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info:doi/10.1210%2Fme.2011-128...
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Diposit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona
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oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/48359
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