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Regulatory T cells and immune tolerance after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Abstract

The story of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) begins after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. It was observed that fallout radiation caused dose-dependent depression of hematopoiesis 1. Research first focused on how to protect the hematopoietic system from irradiation injury and it was discovered that infusion of spleen or marrow cells from a healthy donor restored hematopoiesis through the establishment of hematopoietic donor chimerism in an irradiated recipient 2. This finding led to the realization that it might also be applied to treat hematological malignancies. In 1957, a new approach to human cancer treatment was reported: radiation and chemotherapy followed by the intravenous infusion of healthy donor bone marrow 3,4. However, all the early clini

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