Ballato, John

Bass, Michael

Richardson, Martin C.

English

University of Central Florida (UCF): STARS (Showcase of Text, Archives, Research & Scholarship)

University of Central Florida STARS Faculty Bibliography 2010s Faculty Bibliography 1-1-2013 Response to "Comment on 'Confined propagation and near single-mode laser oscillation in a gain-guided, index antiguided optical fiber'" Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 026101 (2013) Michael Bass University of Central Florida Martin C. Richardson University of Central Florida John Ballato Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2010 University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Editorial Material is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Bibliography at STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Bibliography 2010s by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact STARS@ucf.edu. Recommended Citation Bass, Michael; Richardson, Martin C.; and Ballato, John, "Response to "Comment on 'Confined propagation and near single-mode laser oscillation in a gain-guided, index antiguided optical fiber'" Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 026101 (2013)" (2013). Faculty Bibliography 2010s. 3667. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2010/3667 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 026102 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4775698 102, 026102© 2013 American Institute of Physics.Response to “Comment on ‘Confinedpropagation and near single-mode laseroscillation in a gain-guided, index antiguidedoptical fiber’” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 026101(2013)]Cite as: Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 026102 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4775698Submitted: 08 November 2012 . Accepted: 26 December 2012 . Published Online: 17 January 2013Michael Bass, Martin C. Richardson, and John BallatoARTICLES YOU MAY BE INTERESTED INComment on “Confined propagation and near single-mode laser oscillation in a gain-guided,index antiguided optical fiber” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 251101 (2006)]Applied Physics Letters 102, 026101 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4775697Response to “Comment on ‘Confined propagation and near single-modelaser oscillation in a gain-guided, index antiguided optical fiber’”[Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 026101 (2013)]Michael Bass,1,a) Martin C. Richardson,1 and John Ballato21CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA2COMSET, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29625, USA(Received 8 November 2012; accepted 26 December 2012; published online 17 January 2013)[http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4775698]In the comment by Cao et al.,1 they raise an importantpoint concerning Siegman’s original work on index anti-guided fibers.2 In that work, Siegman treated the cladding asif it were infinitely thick so that an interface between thecladding and another medium, e.g., air, was not considered.Cao et al. point out that if the cladding is not infinitely thick,the cladding-air interface may have to be taken into accountwhen interpreting experimental results such as those we pre-sented in Ref. 3. Though they are correct in suggesting thatindex guided modes involving the cladding–air interface canpotentially oscillate, we insist the evidence for gain guidedindex anti-guided (GG IAG) lasing conducted by ourselvesand published in collaboration with Professor Siegman isindisputable.The clearest evidence that index guided modes involv-ing the cladding-air interface could not have been present inour experiments is provided in the photo of the end face ofthe fiber in Ref. 3. That photo shows that the cladding cir-cumference was nicked in several places as a result of themanner in which we cleaved and polished the (soft phos-phate glass) fiber end. These non-uniformities were presenton both ends of the fiber and would have contributed signifi-cant losses to any mode of oscillation involving thecladding-air interface. Hence it is extremely unlikely that anindex guided LP00 mode of the cladding-air fiber would haveoscillated. In our experiments, we pumped at over 10threshold and observed the mode to retain properties consist-ent with those of the LP00 mode of the core of the GG IAGfiber. We have since reported GG IAG results on fibers hav-ing cores as large as 400 lm in diameter4 and cladding asthick as 100 lm.6 The results from these fibers are com-pletely consistent with GG IAG lasing.In putting Ref. 1 into context, it is important to notethat Siegman and ourselves made further contributions toGG IAG laser development after his ground-breaking paper.In 2007, Siegman published Ref. 5 in which he went beyondjust pointing out that if there is gain in the core that exceedsthe index anti-guiding losses in an anti-guiding fiber thatlossless Bessel function modes will propagate. He showedthat those Bessel function modes of the fiber that becomelossless are significantly re-shaped and confined into thecore of the fiber. To quote from Ref. 5, “For larger negativevalues of DN, however, the mode profile within the coretends asymptotically to a J0 Bessel function profile thatbecomes essentially independent of the gain value, with thevalue of this Bessel function mode profile at the core-cladding interface tending asymptotically toward zero aseither DN or G increase in magnitude.” In our experimentsin Ref. 3 and in our subsequent work jDNj ¼ 1256, which isvery large. In Ref. 5, Siegman showed that for jDNj ¼ 100the field of the LP00 mode at the core-cladding boundary ofan index anti-guided fiber with G¼Gth is  0.15 the peakvalue on the axis of the core. For jDNj ¼ 1256, it will bemuch smaller. Therefore, we can expect no significant leak-age of the LP00 mode from the core of the GG IAG fibers inour experiments to reach the cladding-air interface and en-courage oscillation of index guided modes at the cladding-air interface.FIG. 1. Calculated intensity profile of (a) LP01, (b) LP11, (c) LP02, and (d)LP12 modes in a GG IAG fiber with a core diameter of 200lm. The dottedcircle indicates the core–cladding boundary. Dark red indicates highest in-tensity, and dark blue indicates no intensity in that region. Reproduced fromFigure 1 with permission from X. Wang, Y. Chen, W. Hageman, G. Kim,M. Richardson, C. Xiong, J. Ballato, and M. Bass, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 29,191 (2012). Copyright 2012 Optical Society of America.a)bass@creol.ucf.edu.0003-6951/2013/102(2)/026102/2/$30.00 VC 2013 American Institute of Physics102, 026102-1APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 102, 026102 (2013)We call attention to the mode patterns presented inFigure 1 taken from Ref. 6. These show that the fields of theGG IAG modes are identical to those of ordinary indexguided fibers with zero amplitude at the core claddingboundary as predicted by Siegman in Ref. 5. The index anti-guided modes of the core when gain sufficient for losslesspropagation was achieved in fibers with such large values ofjDNj as we used would be completely confined in the core.There would be no field in the cladding to encourage theindex guided LP00 mode of the cladding-air fiber. It is highlyunlikely that lasing of a mode involving the cladding-airboundary could have taken place in our GG IAG experi-ments for both the experimental reason stated above and themode mismatch indicated in Ref. 5 and in Figure 1. Nonethe-less, future experiments should take into account the cautionCao et al. make with respect to ensuring the cladding issufficiently thick and jDNj sufficiently large so that index-guided modes do not govern lasing. Another approach infuture experiments would be to roughen the cladding-airboundary such that index guided modes of the cladding-airinterface cannot propagate.1J. Cao, W. Wang, L. Huang, S. Guo, and Q. Lu, “Comment on ‘Confinedpropagation and near single-mode laser oscillation in a gain-guided, indexantiguided optical fiber [Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 251101 (2006)],’” Appl.Phys. Lett. 102, 026101 (2013).2A. E. Siegman, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 20, 1617 (2003).3A. E. Siegman, Y. Chen, V. Sudesh, M. Richardson, M. Bass, P. Foy,W. Hawkins, and J. Ballato, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 251101 (2006).4M. Bass, “Solid state lasers—From rods to fibers,” in CLEO Pacific Rim2009, Invited, Paper WD2-6, Shanghai, China, September 2, 2009.5A. E. Siegman, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24, 1677 (2007).6X. Wang, Y. Chen, W. Hageman, G. Kim, M. Richardson, C. Xiong,J. Ballato, and M. Bass, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 29, 191 (2012).026102-2 Bass, Richardson, and Ballato Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 026102 (2013)

Response to  Comment on \u27Confined propagation and near single-mode laser oscillation in a gain-guided, index antiguided optical fiber\u27  Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 026101 (2013)

Michael Bass

Martin C. Richardson

John Ballato

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Applied Physics Letters

Response to “Comment on ‘Confined propagation and near single-mode laser oscillation in a gain-guided, index antiguided optical fiber’” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 026101 (2013)]

https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4666&amp;context=facultybib2010

Response to Comment on \u27Confined propagation and near single-mode laser oscillation in a gain-guided, index antiguided optical fiber\u27 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 026101 (2013)

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