Contains an introduction by Trevor Lloyd, on the changes now taking place among Eskimos of Greenland, and on the author's part in education there. Then follows Dean Bugge's presentation of Eskimos' psychology; the "closed" and "open" types among them; their emotional life, fatalism, conservatism, especially in their language, love of nature and children and gaiety; to understand and preserve these positive traits, whilst planning reforms, is the author's plea. This paper is translated from one originally prepared for the Greenland Society (and pub. in its Aarsskrift 1950, p. 136-44) and modified slightly for a wider public