The study presented used empirical phenomenological methods to gain insight into the experiences of chemical dependence and mental illness among men and women with co-occurring disorders. The literature review discussed issues concerning: gender with the self-construal, traditional gender norms, and gender as a factor in the co-occurring disorder population. The results of this study include the following themes: catalysts for change, positive and negative self-concept, substance use as a means of self-medication, and therapeutic factors. Implications for the counseling profession, and implications for further research were discussed
