Neilson, C. L.

Touzeau, W. D.

Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC IETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, PROC. (1958), VOL. 55, DEC. 22 , 1958 23 growers. JV[oreover, there are repo rts of damage in Trithion tria ls from ~Washington State (Anthon , 1958) and from Austra li a (G . Miller. Tasmania Dept. of Agricul ture, pri va te com-munication) . References Anthon, E . W. 1958. Experts repo rt on successes \\ ~ ith n ewest pes ticides. Bettcr Fruit 52: 8, 10, 21, 22. Dept. Agr. British Columbia. 1957. 1957 CO lltrol o f tree-f ruit pes ts and diseases (sp ray calendar). Victoria, B.C. Downing, l{. S. 1958. Recent tria ls with nc\\~ aca ricide s in British Col umbia o rchard s. Canadian J. PI. Sci. 38: 61-66. Marshall, J. 1953~ A decade of pest control in Britisll Col umbia orchards. Proc. Ent. Soc. Briti sh Columbia 49 ( 1952): 7-10. Pielou, U. I '. , and :-1. 1J. l-'roverbs~ 1958. lJiazinon: A summary of reccnt \\"ork on a new orchard ins ect icide. 1'roc. Ent. Soc .. Briti s h Columbia 55" ( 1958): Stauffer Chemical Company , 1956. Compound R- 1303. [bull et inJ :\iountain View, Cali-fo rnia. ERADICATION PROCEDURES FOR ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH IN THE OKANAGAN VALLEY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA W. D. TOUZEAU 1 and C. 1. NEILSON2 In 1957 plans were o utlined for the eradication of a potential infestat ion of oriental fruit moth in the Southern Okanagan Valley (1). It is now in -tended to report on what was done and the results as noted to date . In the fall of 1956 the npel1lng rooms of the two canneries involvecl were fumigated with methyl bromide . This served as an immediate check on the most probable location s of infes-tation as the fruit had been pla ced in these room s on arrival and before go ing into cold storage until pro -cessed. Extensive organization by federal and provincia l authorities re sulted 111 an early spr in g and summer program Df insect e liminat ion. This inclucled ca nne ry fumigation, rem ova l of trees ;Jll,l .. f,umigati()11 of the orchard lancl wlle're po ss ible infe s ted fruit \\ 'aste had been scatte red. fumigation of other wast e clump areas , spraying of orchards adjacent to canne rie s and cUl11pensation for any losses . and trapping for poss ible recove ry of 1. Ortic e r·in . ('hargt..' , l' ]:1 llt ]' rntec ti o ll ])i yi:-; io ll , l'rod uct io n Sen'ice, CaIlada Agri c u lt ure" , \ · <lllco u\-,....r . H.C. 1. l'ro \'incial Elltolllo ]ogi :-;t, ]'ro\" ince ni rh i ti ~ h COll!lllbia, \ "crllnll, H.C. Contributi o n ;\ulllbtT J 2~ , "] :l1lt ]'ro tecti nn ])i\'i 5' io ll, Prndll ct inn Sen -tee , Canada l)t"partlll e nt o i .-\ g riCld -ture, Otta\\"a, Ontari o . adult oriental fruit 1110ths throughout the Southern Okanagan Valley. Early in the year fumigation mat-ters were attended tu and a deadl ine clatc of April 6, 1957, was set. After contracting for the fumigati o n of the cannerie s and certain land areas, it was necessary to ass emble a great deal of materia l, including electric gas analyzers, polyethylene tubing, thermometers, leak detectors, test in-sects. cages, extension cords, etc. A mobil e laborato r v was obtained to house the gas ~analysis equ ipm ent. The fumigators. Columbia Pest Con-trol , Ontario, California, suppl ied their ()\\n tarpaulins to cuver the areas ancl, Oil l\Ltrch 13th , s tarted to cm'er the cannery of York Farms, Osoyoos. This was completed in one day. The a rea fum iga tcd was 333,015 cubi c feet. In this sa me vicinity it wa s required t() fumigate a junk pi le of 11.000 cubic feet, sett ling pits of 13,000 cubic feet, ;\1](1 a fruit refu se dump area of 4 ,500 cuhic feet. On 2'Tarch 18 th th e upe rato r s mo ved to Barkwill Cannery at \Vest Summer-bllc!. The area in\"olvecl in th e can-Il e rv- fumigation \\'a 5 298.000 cubic fe et. an acliacent hill s ide 10.000 cubic feet , the (;rchard area 423,600 cubic feet. \\' ith a re -fumigation of 16,800 24 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Of BRITISH COLUMBIA, PROc. (1958), VOL. 55, DEC. 22, 1958 cubic feet. A grand total of 1,109,915 cubic feet was fumigated. In all cases the initial dosage was at the rate of 5 lbs. methyl bromide per 1,000 cubic feet. Prior to the fumigation of the orcha rd land the trees had been re-moved to one foot stumps, the trees being burned. In o rder to support the t~ll-paulins for the land fumigation, apple boxes were placed between the tree stumps to a llow better circula-tion o f the gas. Over 4,000 boxes were u sed and the se had to be moved as each sect ion was treated. Tht en-tire orchard was treated in 27 sec ti()n s. ranging in size from 4,000 square feet to 38,000 square fe et, with the a \"e rage approximately IS,OOO square feet. The initial dusage in all cases was at the rate uf 5 11>s. methyl bromide per 1,000 cubic feet. Due "\0 the tremendou:-: su il sorpt ion . especiall y in g ra ve ll y sect iun s, the ayerage amount of Jll eth y 1 brum ide requi red was appro:\: -imat ely 23 lb s. per 1,000 cubic feet. The steep hill side ad jacent to the cannery posed another problem in supporting the tarpaulin s. This \\'as sulved by constructing a framework of 2 x 4's attached tu s takes dri\'en into the gTot111d. The desired concen-tratiun of gas was maintained with 13 lbs. of fumigant per 1,000 cubic f eet, with fan circulation. The fi nal fum iga tion was com pie ted on April 10th, which was considered satisfactory for the project. Following fumigation all roadways , parking areas and areas imm ediate ly adjacent to both canneries were thoroughly sprayed with (liesel o il plus 25 % emulsifiable DDT. 4 Ib s. actual per 100 gallons of o il. A spray program had been outlined for orchards adjacent to the canner-ies , as a follow-up of the fumigation. In order to be able to maintain a n efficient and steady spray schedule a concentrate sprayer was purchased, to be operated under the supervision of the Entomology Laboratory at Sum-merlancl. Some seven acres of orchard were sprayed in the vicinity of the Osoyoos cannery, whereas thirty odd acres were sprayed adjoining the Summerland cannerv. All varieties of fruits within the~e acreages were sprayed, using SO gallons of spray per acre. The spray period for Osoyoos was April 2S to May 10/ 13 for apricots, and April 18 to June 21 / 25 for peaches and other fruits. In Summerland the spraying extended from April 29 to .May 23/ 24 for apricots a nd other fruits, and from April 26 to June 26/ 29 for peaches. The Osoyoos apri-c()h received three applications of 1)1)T 50% wettable powder, 12 Ibs. per acre, Colloidal Spray Modifier 1 pint per acre, F O U1- similar applica-tiulls were gi\'en to apricots in S um -merland, The peach spraying start-ed at the ra te of 12 Ib ~. per acre but \\'as r ed uc ed tu 6 1 b~. la ter in the ~eaS(Jll because of the residue problem. In OS()Y()OS 5 a ppl i c;l tion s \\'ere made at th e bigher rate and 2 at tbe lowe r, \\'herea::; in S U111m erlancl 4 applications were made at 12 Ib", and 3 at 6 Ibs. A\'era ge figure::; on spray residue have been pro vided as DDT parts per mil-liun o f fruit. The legal tolerance is 7ppm. lIy harv est time the re sidue prublem 011 peaches and apricots was of ,"ery little concern. Special probl ems in arnv1I1g at grower lo ss and fruit compensation values vvere encountered. Cherry yields and grades hac! to be estimated 0 11 the trees as the fruit was not harvested. due to excess ive spray re si-due. Some spray damage occurred on apricots, The amount of damage due to r educed s ize of fruit, ':::1' ~~ ~ fruit drop, and fruit burn were factors which had to be considered and reco n-ciled so that the growers could be equitably compensated. A trapping program was l111tlat-ed to determine if or iental fruit moth bad become established in the peach-grovving sections uf the South Okanagan Valley. Traps were set in a circumference of a mile from th e fumigated canneries a nd in seve ral ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, PROC. (1958), VOL. 55, DEC. 22, 1958 25 Fruit Peach Peach Apricot Apricot L ocation Summerland Osoyoos Summerland O soyoos Last Spray June 29 June 21 11ay 24 ;.ray 10 o ther strategic points throughout the Vall ey, from the international bound-ary to Summerland and into Nara-mata, \Vestbank and Kelowna. Four hundred and twenty-four traps were used. Throughout the season 9,23 1 trap in specti ons "ve re made, using 1,360 ga llon s o f bait whi ch was pre-pared in batches of 45 gall ons, using 2 gallon s pan omalt , 160 lb s. golden bro wn sugar, .5 lb. Brew er's yeast, and 42 ga ll ons \I·ater. Two suspicious moths w ere found but neither proyed to be o ri ental fruit moth . Fruit fumigati on tria ls were con-ducted at th e London Laboratory, to determine th e lethal dosage of the various stages of the in sec t, as well as the tolerance of the fruit. Modi-fications were made in the import r egulations. Fumigation is now re -quired only for the fruit s of apricot, peach, pear, and quince. Late season observations on the fumigated land indicated that there had been considerable killing of weed seeds, and the couch grass had been completely killed out in the entire o rchard. Fruit tree s which had been Residue on Residue at harvest on June 29 (36 ppm) June 24 (22 ppm) June 29 (48 ppm) June 24 (6.6 ppm.) Aug. 13 Aug. 27 July 24 (3.6 ppm) (3.1 ppm) (8.S ppm) replanted showed ve ry good growth, better than usual with freshly planted nursery stock. Cost Estimates Fumiga tion - including consultant fe es, fumi gation contract , gas, salaries, tra velling expenses, ex-tra labou r . $ 43,843.00 Spray in g - in cluding sprayer, ma-te rial , wages, labo ur .... 8,057.25 Trappin g - inc lu din g matcrial, ,a larics, travell in g ex penses , 1al>0 \lr .................. _. .... .. ...................... 5,415.69 Prov in cia l Govc rnm e n t - in clud -In g preliminary fumi gatio ns , orc hard compe n sa tio n, fruit com-pc nsatio n , transpo rtatio n 17,333.89 $ 74,649.83 Acknowledgments This paper is th e compilation of un-publi shed data supplied by lVIr. L. L. Reed, Plant Protection Division, Otta-wa; Dr. J. Marshall , Entomology Laboratory, Summerland, B.c.; Mr. H. A. U . Monro, Science Service La-boratory, L ondon, Ontario; Mr. W. Molyneux, Plant Protection Division, Penticton, B.C., and Mr. R. P. Murray, Provincial Horticulturist, Victoria B.C. References ( I) T o uzeau and Neilson. Plans to Eradicate Oriental Fruit 110th in th e Okanagan Valley, B.C. Proc. Ent. Soc. British Columbia 54 :23-24. 1957. On the Reproductivl!! Potential of the S.heep Nostril Fly O e.f11'/lS avis L. (Diptera: Oestridae) M os t refcrenc es s tate th a t th e eggs o f th e s heep nos tril fly hatch in the lJody o f the m o ther and th e fly d e posit s living larvae; Hearle (I) s tatcs that in o ne in s tancc undcr o hscrvati o n, 60 larvae I\'c re de pos ited in o n e ho ur. On ly o ne r e fcr ence th a t I can find, (Smart, (2» s tates th ;lt th c fly dc pos it s cggs. In 195-1 \\·hen \\' o rkin\!: o n th c L ac du B ois \,;It tl e ran ges SOI lI C 13 ' Inil es f rolll a nel 2000 icc I :t1J()\'(, J.\. :lIlil oo ps, 1 iOll nd Iha t nC\\' lv em ergcd n()s lril fli es c lu stered in cre\'iccs iil Ihe o ld kJ\!: lin t 111;11 lI'a s being used :IS a bl JO rat o l'\', parti cu la rl y in th e holcs cut inl u Il le dOllr fr am c 10 la ke Ihc la tchcs o f th e lock. On o ne m o rlllng be fo rc the s lln warmed th e cabin 11 0 felVcr than fOllr female flies wer e clus t e red th ere; thcy were fres hl y emcrgcd a nd und amaged. Ther e \\'e r e no s hccp o n th c ran ges at thi s time so th c flie s may no t hav c been chasin g allyl hin g-. O Il C o f th ese fli es \I'a s d issectc( [ to de -tCrlnill e tl lc egg- lay in g po tenti;i1 . Th e <,,'arl es lI' c rc di ste lld ed \I·ith 624 eggs o f IIni fOrln S1 ~c e:lch 0.-1 mill . lon g . \I'hi ch read il y sc pa rat ed o u t fro lll th c fo llicl es, A brll pll,' small c r Ih a ll t hi .s serl cs . wc r e ;;tr in g's oi I'CTy t iny ll1on ilif(l rm o\'a in th c gc r lll: tna. 

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Eradication procedures for oriental fruit moth in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia

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Eradication procedures for oriental fruit moth in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia

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Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia