Hylaeus mamo new species, a minute bee with extensive yellow mark- ings, is the most recent in a series of Oahu endemic bees discovered in the past 15 years. In addition, the male of Hylaeus makaha Magnacca, 2011 is described

Magnacca, Karl N.

Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society

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Hylaeus mamo, a new bee from oahu 59Hylaeus (Nesoprosopis) mamo (Hymenoptera: Colletidae),a New Endemic Bee from Oahu, HawaiiKarl N. MagnaccaDepartment of Biology, University of Hawaii, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo HI 96720, knm956@gmail.com. Current address: Oahu Army Natural Resources Program, 947 Wright Ave., Wheeler Army Airfield, Schofield Barracks, HI 96857Abstract. Hylaeus mamo new species, a minute bee with extensive yellow mark-ings, is the most recent in a series of Oahu endemic bees discovered in the past 15 years. In addition, the male of Hylaeus makaha Magnacca, 2011 is described.Key words: Hawaii, bees, pollinator conservation, endangered speciesIntroduction The island of Oahu has been radically transformed compared to its pre-human state, particularly in the last 200 years. In spite of these changes, and a position as the population center of the Hawaiian Islands with many accessible trails that has made it the most intensively collected island, new species continue to be discov-ered there. Among the native Hylaeus (Nesoprosopis) bees, six Oahu endemic species have been described since 2003, compared to only one previously (Daly and Magnacca 2003, Magnacca 2011). The new species described below is the eighth Oahu endemic Hylaeus, and brings the total number of species in the Hawai-ian radiation to 63. The male of another recently discovered species, H. makaha Magnacca 2011, is also described here for the first time. Specimens are deposited at the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum (BPBM) and Uni-versity of Hawaii Insect Museum (UHIM), Honolulu, as noted. DNA sequencing was performed at the Core Genetics Facil-ity at the University of Hawaii at Hilo, and sequences for the COI gene have been deposited at the Barcode of Life Database (www.boldsystems.org) and GenBank, with accession numbers noted below. Description conventions follow Daly and Magnacca (2003). Setae length is expressed in units of hundredths of a millimeter (usually equivalent to eyepiece micrometer tic marks at 10× magnification on a dissecting microscope, but calibration with a stage micrometer is necessary for accuracy).Species DescriptionsHylaeus mamo n. sp. (Fig. 1) Diagnosis. This species is sympatric with H. mana, but the coloration is much more extensive. Due to the mark on the median plate, it would key to H. kona in Daly and Magnacca (2003). It is readily separated from those species and all oth-ers by the entirely yellow mandible, para-ocular marks broad above the antennal sockets, orange front and middle legs, and yellow mark on the lower gena. Like H. mana, the antennal scape is also unusually narrow for a member of the dumetorum species group, and is more similar to that of the difficilis group. It does, however, possess a groove on the underside like the former. Description. ♂. Head. Malar space very short, length about 0.2–0.3 times the diameter of the median ocellus. Upper paraocular area with crowded, Proc edings f tH  Hawaiian entomological society (2013) 45:59–6360 magnaccaFigure 1. Hylaeus mamo, holotype ♂. A) Lateral habitus. B) Head, frontal view. C) Left antennal scape, frontal view. D) Scape, lateral view. E) Genital capsule, ventral view. F) Seventh sternum, ventral view. G–I) Eighth sternum, ventral, lateral, and caudal views.distinct pits, nearly touching, denser and distorted in the median frons; ground dull; a large dark patch between acme and median ocellus formed by dense puncta-tion and dull sculpture, covered with pale, appressed hairs. Lower paraocular depression absent. Frontoclypeal sulcus nearly straight; supraclypeal area about as wide as long. Scape in frontal view hardly dilated, ratio about 0.5; lateral edge in frontal view nearly straight, slightly convex at certain angles; weakly arched in lateral view; underside of median edge with a shallow groove; with long, pale, simple hair along median edge. Vertex hair 8–12, pale brown, weakly plumose.  Mesosoma. Scutum with shallow, indis-tinct pits 2–3 pit widths apart, ground mi-nutely granular, dull; hair even, very short (3–4), mostly simple. Scutellum smoother, more lustrous. Mesepisternum with shal-low, indistinct pits about 1–3 pit widths apart, ground weakly lustrous, with short, white, weakly plumose hair. Hypoepim-eron shallowly punctate, weakly lustrous, slightly swollen. Metanotum dull. Basal area of propodeum with a few very short rugae at base, the remainder including the Hylaeus mamo, a new bee from oahu 61brow smoothly coriaceous, lustrous; dorsal surface longer than scutellum.  Metasoma. Disk of T2 impunctate, smoothly coriaceous, lustrous, with fine, pale, prostrate hairs spaced more than a hair length apart. Apical area of tergites translucent, appearing brown. Hair of T7 dark brown, medium to long, erect.  Terminalia. Lateral process of S7 en-larged and rounded apically, length greater than width of hemisternite; hemisternite L-shaped. Median process of S8 swollen at base, moderately dilated and arched, apex with moderately long and broad tips. Apices of gonoforceps exceeding penis valves, inwardly pointed.  Color. Labrum and mandible entirely yellow; lower portion of gena yellow. Face entirely yellow below the antennae; paraocular marks extended broadly above antennal sockets, tapering only near the upper edge. Pronotum with an interrupted transverse stripe on collar and marks on lobes and tegulae; median plate yellow. Front legs entirely orange except the dark brown coxa; mid and hind femora brown, streaked with orange, yellow apically; mid and hind tibiae yellow on basal third and narrow apical ring, orange-brown medi-ally; mid and hind tarsi brown except hind basitarsus yellow. Wings slightly smoky. ♀. Unknown.  Holotype. Oahu: ♂ (BPBM 17646), Tri-pler Ridge, 460 m, 21.3813°N 157.8481°W, resting on Scaevola gaudichaudiana, 20.i.2013, K. Magnacca, GenBank acces-sion no. KF583515. Etymology. From the Hawaiian mamo, referring to the extensive bright yellow coloration which is evocative of the now-extinct mamo bird. It is a noun in apposi-tion. Discussion. This species is remarkably similar to the sympatric H. mana in over-all size and in the shape of the antennal scape, but the coloration and genitalia are strikingly different. Neither morphology nor COI sequence data indicate a clear sister taxon for H. mamo.Hylaeus makaha Magnacca, 2011 (Fig. 2) Diagnosis. Keys to H. kona in Daly & Magnacca (2003) based on the yellow me-dian plate and shape of the antennal scape, but is distinguished from that species by the short setae of the scutum and vertex, less extensive yellow markings, shape of S7, and narrow malar space. On Oahu the only similar species are H. mana and H. mamo; the former has the median plate unmarked and very different genitalia, while the latter has much more extensive yellow marks on the head. The males and females are highly dimorphic; males lack the striking orange-red metasoma of the female. For full description of the female, see Magnacca (2011). Description. ♂. Head. Malar space very short, length about 0.2–0.3 times the diameter of the median ocellus. Upper paraocular area with shallow pits up to 1 pit width apart near eye; frons medially with smaller, more distinct, contiguous pits and a small patch of pale hair at the middle; large, lustrous impunctate areas above the antennal sockets. Lower para-ocular depression absent. Frontoclypeal sulcus nearly straight; supraclypeal area wider than long, W/L ratio 1.2–1.4. Scape in frontal view moderately dilated, width more than half length, ratio about 0.7–0.8; lateral edge in frontal view nearly straight, median edge convex, reaching maximum width just past middle and narrowing slightly at apex; weakly to moderately arched in lateral view with maximum arch near middle of scape; underside of median edge with a deep, relatively large pore; with long, yellowish white, mostly simple hair along the median edge. Vertex hair 8–12, golden brown, weakly plumose.  Mesosoma. Scutum with shallow, in-distinct pits 1–2 pit widths apart, ground somewhat dull; hair moderately short (6-62 magnacca10), yellowish white to pale brown, simple. Scutellum dull. Mesepisternum with indis-tinct pits, about 1 pit width apart, and long, yellowish white, plumose hair; ground minutely coriaceous, slightly lustrous. Hypoepimeron weakly punctate, slightly swollen. Metanotum dull. Basal area of propodeum, including brow, smoothly coriaceous and lustrous, sometimes with a few short rugae at base.  Metasoma. Disk of T2 impunctate, smoothly coriaceous and lustrous; pale, fine, appressed hairs spaced about one hair length apart. T7 hair medium to long, dark brown, erect.  Terminalia. Lateral process of S7 en-Figure 2. Hylaeus makaha, ♂. A) Lateral habitus. B) Head, frontal view. C) Left an-tennal scape, frontal view. D) Scape, lateral view. E) Genital capsule, ventral view. F) Seventh sternum, ventral view. G–I) Eighth sternum, ventral, lateral, and caudal views.larged and rounded apically, length greater than width of hemisternite; hemisternite L-shaped. Median process of S8 swollen at base, moderately dilated and arched, apex bifurcate with moderately long, nar-row, rounded tips. Apices of gonoforceps slightly shorter than penis valves.  Color. Labrum and mandible dark brown to black. Head and mesosoma black; metasoma dark brown. Face with one large mark extended at sides to above antennal sockets: clypeus entirely yellow or lateral margins very narrowly black; paraocular area yellow to above antennal socket in narrowed vitta; supraclypeal area usually with an irregular yellow Hylaeus mamo, a new bee from oahu 63mark, sometimes entirely black. Pronotum with marks on lobes and interrupted trans-verse collar stripe; median plate at base of wing yellow. Legs dark brown except: fore tibia mostly yellow, black posteriorly; mid and hind tibiae with basal yellow marks extending about 1/4 their length, mid tibia also with a narrow apical yellow mark; all femora with apex narrowly yellow; all basitarsi usually yellow, terminal tarsal segments becoming brownish toward apex. Wings hyaline.  Specimens examined. Oahu: 2♂, Waianae-Kaala Trail, 750 m, 21.5014°N 158.1566°W, at Euphorbia multiformis, 26.vii.2012, K. Magnacca, BPBM. 1♂ 1♀, same data, UHIM. GenBank accession no. KF583514. Discussion. This species has now been recorded from two more locations but still appears to be restricted to the Kaala massif, and in association with Euphorbia (=Chamaesyce) spp.Acknowledgments Thanks to Betsy Gagné of the Divi-sion of Forestry and Wildlife and Kapua Kawelo, Michael Walker, and Michelle Higashi of the Oahu Army Natural Re-sources Program for support and access to collecting sites. This work was conducted as part of Department of Defense Legacy grant 11-104 to Cynthia King of the Ha-waii Division of Forestry and Wildlife.Literature CitedDaly, H.V., and K.N. Magnacca. 2003. In-sects of Hawaii vol. 17. Hawaiian Hylaeus (Nesoprosopis) Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoi-dea). University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 234 pp.Magnacca, K.N. 2011. Two new species of Hylaeus (Nesoprosopis) (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) from Oahu, Hawai‘i. Zootaxa, 3065, 60–65.64 magnacca

Hylaeus (Nesoprosopis) mamo (Hymenoptera: Colletidae), a New Endemic Bee from Oahu, Hawaii

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Hylaeus (Nesoprosopis) mamo (Hymenoptera: Colletidae), a New Endemic Bee from Oahu, Hawaii

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