Rhizome explants of&nbsp;Curcuma amada&nbsp;(Roxb.) produced shoots and roots simultaneously when cultured in B6 medium containing NAA and BAP. This technique would be suitable for field propagation and conservation.
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BORDOLOI, M PHUKAN BARTHAKUR, D N

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Journal of Spices & Aromatic Crops 1 (2) 154-156, 1992 154 Micropropagation of Curcuma am ada (Roxb.) M (PHUKAN) BARTHAKUR AND D N BORDOLOI Regional Research Laboratory Jorhat . 785 006, Assam; India. ABSTRACT Rhizome explants of Curcuma amada (Roxb.) produced shoots and roots simultaneously when cultured in B6 medium con-taining NAA and BAP. This technique would be suitable for field propagation and conservation. Key words: Curcuma amada, rhizome, bud-culture. Abbreviations NAA alpha-Naphthalene acetic acid BAP Benzyl aminopurine Kn 6-Furfuryl amino purine (kinetin) MS Murashige & Skoog medium Rhizome of Curcuma amada (Roxb') commonly known as mango ginger is considered as carminative and stomachic and is also used for contusions and sprains. This is mostly used in food as a spice because of its typical mango-like flavour. This plant is also important for its essential oil content, which contain antifungal properties (Ghosh, Gupta & Chandra 1980). It is propagated veg-etatively with 'seed piece' of rhizomes, the multiplication rate of which is low. Moreover, many of the CurCllma species are susceptible to soft rot disease (Balachandran, Bhat & Chandel 1990). A large part of material is to be spared every year just for seed purposes. Hence, an alternate method such as tissue cul -ture technique was used in this study to find out the rate of multiplication through tissue culture and the scope of its use for conservation. _ In vitro clonal multiplication as well as conservation of ginger and Curcuma species were studied by various workers (Hosoki & Sagawa 1977; Pillai & Kumar 1982; Sato, Kuroyanogi & U eno 1987; Ilahi & Jabeen 1988; ·Bhagyalakshmi & Singh 1988; Noguchi & Yamakawa 1988; Balachandran, Bhat & Chandel 1990), but no report is available on these as-pects with C. amada. Rhizomes of C. amada were collected from local growers. Emerging buds of rhizomes were trimmed and soaked with 5.0% Tween 20 solution for 15 min, then surface-sterilized by using 0.2% HgCl2 solution for 5-7 min and washed thrice with sterile distilled water. Outer leves Micropropagation of Curcuma amada were removed asceptically and explants ofO.3-0.5 rum size were cultured on basic MS (Murashige & Skoog 1962) and B6 media (Gamborg, Miller & Ojima 1968), supplemented with an auxin NAA (0.5 mg1·1) and two cytokinins BAP (4,5 and 10 mgJ-l) and Kn (8 and 12 mgP) either singly or in combination. The pH of the medium was adjusted at 5.6-5:8. All cultur,es were maintained at 28±20°C under 16 h photoperiod of2000 lux light intensity. Variations were noted in respect of nutritional status. Explants cultured on basic B5 medium supplemented with NAA (0.5 mgP) and BAP (4 mgl·l ) ex-hibited maximum number of multiple shoots (7-12) with well deve10ped root system within 5-7 weeks (Figs. 1 & 2). Unlike the media composition of present study such a type of simulataneous pro-155 duction of shoots and roots was reported on Curcuma and ginger species earlier by Kuruvinashetti, Haridasan & Iyer (1982) and Balachandran et al. (1990). All these pIantlets when separated in-dividually and subcultured into the same multiplication medium behaved simi-larly. By repeating this procedure for 2-3 successive cultures, about 1000 plantlets can be produced. The explant on basic medium MS supplemented with Kn or BAP alone or in combination with NAA produced less number (1-3) of mu1tiple shoots. Rooting was also ob-served in a few cases but its growth seemed to be abnormal in appearance. In vitro produced plants, on transfer to soil after hardening indicated a survival percentage of 60-70 which was sjmilar to earlier observatjons recorded in Figs. 1 & 2. Micropl'opagation of Cltrcuma amada 1. 5-6 weeks after subculture 2. Shoots with well developed root system before aaclimatization Barthakur a.nd Bordoloi Curcuma spp. (Hosoki & Sagawa 1977). Observations "made after 120 days showed proliferation of 7 ~9 new buds from the underground part during sum-mer season. Thus the concepts of micropropagation may be profitably utilized for cultiva-tion and conservation of this important spice crop. " Refere~ces Balachandran S M, Bhat S R & Chandel K P S 1990 In vitro clonal mul-tiplication of turmeric (Curcuma "spp.) and" ginger (Z. officinale Rose.) PI. Cell Reports 8:521-524. Bhagyalakshmi & Singh N S " 1988 Meristem culture and micropropagation of a variety of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) with a high yield of oleoresin. J. Hort. Sci. 63:321-327. Gamborg 0 L, Miller R "A & Ojima K 1968 Nutrient requirement of suspension culture of soybean root cel1. Exptl. Cell Res. 50:151-158. Ghosh S B, Gupta S & Chandra A K. 1980 Antifungal activity in rhi-zomes of Curcuma amada Roxb. Indian J. Exp. BioI. 18:174-176. Hosoki T & Sagawa Y 1977 Clonal propagation of ginger (Zingiber officinaleRosc.). Hort. Sci. 12:451-452. 156 Ilahi " I & Jabeen M 1987 Micro-propagation of Zingiber officinale Rose. Pakistan J. Bot. 19:61-65. Kuruvinas"hetti M S, Haridasan P & Iyer R D 1982 Tissue culture studies in turmeric. In: Nair M K, Prernkumar T, Ravindran P N & Sarma Y R(Eds.) Proc. Natl. Sem. Ginger & Turmeric. pp. 39-41. Central Plan tation Crops Re-search Institute, Kasaragod. Kuruvinashetti M S & Iyer R D 1982 An evaluation of tissue culture technqiues in coconut and tur~ .meric. In": Vishveshwara E (Ed.) Proc. PLACROSYM~IV. pp. 101-105. Indi"an Society for Planta-tion Crops, Kasaragod. Murashige T & Skoog F 1962 A revised medium for rapid growth and bio-assays with tobacco tissue cul-tures. Physiol. Plant. 15:473-493. Noguchi Y & Yamakawa 0 1988 Rapid " clonal propagation of glnger (z. " pfficinale Rosc.) by roner culture. Japan "J. ~_reeding 38:437-442. Pillai S K" & Kunlar K B Clonal multi-plication of ginger in vitro. Indian J. Agric. Sci.. 52:397"-399. Sato M, Kuroyanogi ,M & U eno A 1987 .. Plan t tissue cuI ture of Zingiberaceae "(1) in vitro propa-gation of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.). Plant Tissue Cult. Lett. 4 (2) : 82-85. 

Micropropagation of Curcuma amada (Roxb.)

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Micropropagation of Curcuma amada (Roxb.)

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