Thirty genotypes of chilli (Capsicum annum) were studied for genetic divergence for eight characters utilizing Mahalanobis D2 statistics. The genotypes were grouped into seven clusters. The genotype GP-65(A) was quite different and formed cluster VII. Variability in this material was limited and was mainly due to a few extreme types. The genotype(s) in clusters II, V and VII had the highest dry yield per plant and higher values for fruits per plant, fruit length and days to flower and could be utilized in breeding programmes.
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DOBHAL, G PANDEY, V K

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Journal of Spices & Aromatic Crops 2 (J&2) 71-74, 1993 71 Multivariate analysis in chilli (Capsicum annum L.) G PANDEYI & V K DOBHAL2 National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station New Kench's Terrace, Shillong - 793 013, Meghalaya, India. ABSTRACT Thirty genotypes of chilli (Capsicum annum) were studied for genetic divergence for eight characters utilizing Mahalanobis D2 statistics. The genotypes were grouped into seven clusters. The genotype GP-65(A) was quite different and formed cluster VII. Variability in this material was limited and was mainly due to a few extreme types. The genotype(s) in clusters II, V and VII had the highest dry yield per plant and higher values for fruits per plant, fruit length and days to flower and could be utilized in breeding programmes. Key words: Capsicum annum, chilli, multivariate analysis. Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) has a large varietal diversity in North Eastern In-dia. Studies indicate sufficient genetic diversity for various yield contributing traits. Genetic diversity is one of the most important criteria which helps a breeder to choose parents for hybridiza-tion either to exploit heterosis or select desirable segregants. The importance of cluster analysis to determine the ex-tent and nature of variability was re-ported earlier by Cuartero et al. (1983) and Deshpande, Anand & Ramchander (1988). The present investigation at-tempts to assess and analyse the extent and nature of genetic diversity in a set of thirty genotypes of chilli in respect of eight economic characters influencing yield using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. Thirty diverse genotypes of chilli col-lected from Meghalaya, Assam, Nagaland and Tripura were grown during Kharif 1989 in a Randomised Block Design with three replications. Twenty five day old seedlings were transplanted at a spac-ing of 45cm x 30cm and five randomly selected competitive. plants were ob-served for eight characters. The mean values of these five plants were utilized for statistical analysis. Treating D2 values as generalized distance (Mahalanobis 1936), the genotypes were grouped into clusters following the method described by Rao (1952). The analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences among genotypes for the eight characters studied. The IPresent address: NBPGR Regional Station, Phagli, Shimla - 171 004, India. 2NBPGR Regional Station, Phagli, Shimla - 171 004, India. Pandey & Dobhal analysis of di spersion for the significance of differences in the mean values of eight correlated variabl es using Wilk's crite-ria (0.000008) reveal ed highly signifi-cant differences among the genotypes for the aggregate of eight characters (Chi square = 953.28 at 232 df). The 30 geno-types were grouped into 7 clusters. There were 14 genotypes in cluster I, 4 each in clusters II and III, 3 in cluster IV, 2 each in clusters V and VI and 1 in cluster VII (Table 1). Th e genotype GP-65 was unique and divergent and could not be grouped into any cluster and formed a separa te cluster VII. This genotype was identifi ed as having the highest mean values for dry yield per plant (69.50 g) and leaves (144.67) and was divergent 72 from rest of the clusters and thus could be ideal choice to be used as donor in a hybridization programme. Cluster VI had th e highest mean value for plant height (43.35 em), fruits per plant (9.64) and fruit diameter (4.71 em) with higher mean values for fruit length, plant height and branches per plant. The highest mean value for fruit length was observed in cluster V (5.00 cm) followed by cluster VI (4.96cm). In general, the genotypes in cluster VI had higher mean values for most of the characters studi ed except that th ey were poor yielders (34.40 g). Th e genotypes of these clusters may be uti lized for breeding varieties for higher yield as these characters are known to influence yield in chilli (Shah,Lal & Pant 1986). Table 1. Cluster means for 8 characters in 30 genotypcs of ·chilli Clus ter II III IV V VI VII No. of geno· types Genotypes included' 14 BO ·77(1I1), NHlI 9(N), BO·127(M), BO·213(M), BO·IO(M), BO·107(M), BO·180(1I1 ), BO·139(M), HP-67(A) H· 784(T), H·957(T), BO·240(1I1) BO-135(M), BOS·847(T) 4 BO·183(1I1 ), BO·45(1I1), NH6I9(N), BO·188(M) Oays to flower 40.55 43.50 4 MNCH!64(A), BO·35(M) 75.33 H·138(A), BO·220(M) 3 BO-21O(M), H·14l(A ), 47.22 H·835(T) 2 BF·273(M), H·140(A) 59.50 2 . BO·273(1I1), GP·69(A) 47 .50 GP·65(A) 49.67 Plant height (em) 39.52 38.48 33.68 28.66 38.93 43 .35 36.20 • M ~ Meghalaya, A ~ Assam, N ~ Nagaland, T ~ Trip"ra No. of leaves! plant 86.93 64.02 74.61 55.34 62.98 108.57 144.67 No. of No. of branches! frui ts! plant plant 4.14 4.56 3.97 5.39 3.65 4.01 3.77 5.12 3.42 6.04 3.97 9.64 3.00 5.40 Fruit length (em) 4.49 4.15 4.69 4.49 5.00 4.96 3.33 Fruit dia· meter (em) 3.95 4.00 3.55 3.44 3.85 4.71 3.19 O,y yield! plant (g) 29.17 69.78 25.95 13.10 55.10 34.40 69.50 Multivariate analysis in chilli The inter and intra cluster genetic di-vergence (D2) values among the seven clusters is presented in Table 2. The genetic divergence values ranged from 8.22 between cluster II and VII to 21.28 between clusters IV and VII .The magni-tude of genetic divergence was rather low and cluster I included 14 out of 30 genotypes studi ed. Thi s suggested lo w vari ability and presence of a few ex ~ treme type(s) for the traits under study. Cluster VII was quite divergent from th e remaining clusters except that it was relatively close to clusters II and V. Hence, the genotypes from this cluster, ifutilized in a hybridization programme, might yield desired hetero sis and re-lease variability in subsequent genera-tions. However, crossing very di verse genotypes may not yield proportionate heterotic response because a cross be-tween extremely divergent parents might create a situation wherein the harmoni-ous functioning of alleles is somewhat 73 di sturbed and consequently the physi-ological function may not be so efficient as in a situation where the a llel es were exposed to similar selection pressure. This suggests th at the selection of par-ents preferably should also be based upon their per se performance,stability and combinin g abi lity (Arunacha lam et al. 1980; Prasad & Singh 1986; Dobhal, Murty & Rao 1989). The 30 genotypes, coll ected from differ -ent states of North Eastern India , did not show any specifi c trend in clustering pattern. The genotypes , in general, be-longing to the same geogra phical area, fell in different clusters a nd showed dif-ferent genetic identity. Thi s indicated that there was no relationship between geographi c and genetic diversity. This may be attributed to differential selec-tion pressure applied by the farming community for dev eloping varieties suiting to their preference and needs. Table 2. Intra- and inter-cluster divergence values among seven clusters in chilIi Cluster I II III IV V VI VII I 4.99 15.21 11.78 8.72 11.50 8.55 15.98 II 5.89 18.69 20.58 9.49 13.72 8.22 III 6.18 11.08 11.93 11.26 17.79 IV 3.81 16.32 10.50 21.28 V 3.75 9.85 8.36 VI 7.81 14.07 VII 0.00 Figures in italics denote intra.-cluster divergence values Pandey & Dobhal References Achal Shah, Lal S D & Pant CC 1986 Variability studies in chilli. Prog. Hort. 18 : 270-272. Arunachalam V, Bandopadhyay A, Singh S N & Gibbons R W 1980 Hetero-sis in relation to genetic diver-gence and SCA in groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) Euphytica 33 : 33-39. Cuartero J, Gomej-Guillamon M L, Diaz G, Simen J J & Carbonell E 1983 Intra specific clustering of green pepper varieties. Anales de edafologia y Agrobiologia 42: 1209-1219. Deshpande A A, Anand N & Ramachander P R 1988 Ideotype 74 differentiation of horticultural groups in Capsicum spp. Genetica Agraria 42(4) : 357-364. Dobhal V K , Murty N S & Rao C R N 1989 Genetic divergence in hoo-kah and chewing tobacco (Nicoti· ana I'ustica L.). Tob. Res. 15 (2) : 104-107. Mahalanobis P C 1936 On the general-ized distance in statistics. Proc. Natn. Inst.Sci. (India) : 49-55 Rao C R 1952 Advanced Statistical Methods in Biometric Research Edn. I. John Wiley & Sons, New York. Prasad S K & Singh T P1986 Heterosis in relation to genetic divergence in maize (Zea mays L.) Euphytica 35 : 919-24. 

Multivariate analysis in chilli (Capsicum annum L.)

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Multivariate analysis in chilli (Capsicum annum L.)

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