Burondkar, M.M.

Haldankar, P.M.

NimbalkarNimbalkar, S.D.

Rangwala, A.D.

Shinde, S.R.

Somavanshi, A.V.

English

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P.M. Haldankar, S.R. Shinde, M.M. Burondkar, A.D. Rangwala, A.V. Somavanshi and S.D. Nimbalkar152Journal of Plantation Crops, 2009, 37 (2): 152-153Fruits of kokum (Garcinia indica Choisy) havemany medicinal properties. Butter extracted from seedsremains solid at room temperature and also has nutritiveand medicinal values. Kokum rind is a rich-source ofhydroxycitric acid (HCA). In spite of various beneficialproperties of kokum, it is neglected by the farmers forvarious reasons and the most important one is the premonsoon rains that adversely affect the quality of fruits.Though there is no precise statistical data, about 50 percent of crop is damaged in rains and ultimately spoiled.Further, though the fruits are exclusively used forprocessing, the fruits which are affected by rains are notuseful for value addition.Large quantities of fruits are required forprocessing to meet the rapidly increasing demand forkokum products. Hence, the present study was conductedat the Department of Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb SawantKonkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri during2006 – 2007 with an objective to advance maturity andimprove quality of fruits through post flowering spraysof chemicals.The material for the present study consisted oftwenty eight year old bearing kokum trees. Theexperiment was conducted in RBD with seven treatmentsviz., T1: (Urea - 0.5 %), T2: (Urea - 0.5 % twice), T3:(KNO3 - 0.5 %), T4: (KNO3-0.5 % twice), T5: (Monopotassium phosphate 0.5 %), T6: (Mono potassiumphosphate 0.5 % twice) and T7: Control (No spray). Allthe treatments were replicated thrice with two trees pertreatment per replication. The sprayings were undertakenat pea grain stage i.e. when the fruits are of pea grainsize (3-5 mm) and the second one 20 days after the firstspray. Observations on fruit retention (%), advancementin maturity (days), fruit length (cm), fruit breadth (cm),fruit circumference (cm), fruit weight (g), T.S.S. (0 Brix),Keywords: Kokum, mono potassium phosphate, potassium nitrate, ureaAdvancing maturity and improving quality of kokum(Garcinia indica Choisy) fruits by post flowering foliar sprays(Manuscript Received: 09-06-08, Revised: 22-04-09, Accepted: 08-06-09)Short  scientific  reportacidity (%), and sugars (%) were recorded. The statisticalanalysis was conducted as per the methods suggested byPanse and Sukhatme (1995).The data on fruit retention and days required forripening are presented in Table 1. The fruit retention wasthe highest in T2 (69.33 %) which was at par with T4(67.17 %) and significantly superior over rest of thetreatments. The fruits of T6 ripened 34 days earlier thancontrol (126 days). Both mono potassium phosphate andpotassium nitrate at all the levels advanced ripening inkokum. It was evident that in kokum, potassium andphosphorus advances maturity and nitrogen delaysmaturity. The results are in agreement with the findingsof Samara et al. (1977) in mango and Bose et al. (1988)in grapes.The data on effect of foliar sprays of nutrients onphysical parameters of kokum fruit are presented in Table2. The maximum fruit length (3.98 cm) was noticed inTable 1. Effect of foliar sprays on fruit retention (%), days required forripening and advancement or delay in harvesting of kokum fruits (days)Treatments Fruit retention Days required Advancement(concentration (%) for ripening or delay in@ 0.05 %) harvesting ofkokum fruitsover controlT1 - Urea once 63.00 (51.45) 128.00 2T2 - Urea twice 69.33 (56.41) 130.33 4.33T3 - KNO3 once 62.83 (52.44) 117.33 -8.67T4 - KNO3 twice 67.17 (55.08) 115.50 -10.5T5 - MPP once 60.67 (51.16) 112.33 -13.67T6 - MPP twice 63.67 (52.95) 92.00 -34T7 - Control 60.17 (50.86) 126.00S.Em± 1.16 2.14CD (P = 0.05) 3.57 6.61MPP = Mono potassium phosphateAdvancing maturity and improving quality of kokum (Garcinia indica Choisy) fruits by post flowering foliar sprays153Department of Horticulture, P.M. Haldankar,College of Agriculture, Dapoli - 415 712, Maharahstra S.R. Shinde,Email: parag5663@rediffmail.com M.M. Burondkar,A.D. Rangwala,A.V. Somavanshi,S.D. NimbalkarT2 (Urea twice), which was significantly superior overrest of the treatments while the lowest fruit length (3.24cm) was noticed in T6 (MPP twice). The treatment T2(Urea twice) resulted in the highest fruit breadth (4.24cm) and was minimum (3.93 cm) in T6 (MPP twice).Similarly, the maximum fruit circumference was noticedin T2 (13.22 cm) and minimum in T6 (12.32 cm). Themaximum fruit weight was noticed in T2 (32.67 g)whereas, minimum was recorded in T6 (24.63 cm).Nitrogen is believed to give impetus to the formation ofnew cells and therefore the growth in size, volume andmass are associated with nitrogen. Similar increase infruit weight by foliar application of one per cent ureaand KNO3 were reported by Vijayalakshmi andSrinivasan (1998) in mango cv. Langra.found in control (10.49 per cent). The anthocyanincontent did not vary significantly among the treatments.In the present investigation, the chemical composition ofkokum trees sprayed with different foliar nutrients wassignificantly superior than control. This could be attributedto enhanced carbohydrate metabolism. In foliar feedingthe nutrients are applied directly to the site of metabolism.Whereas ‘K’ acts as a catalyst which is used as acceleratorof reactions. It influences many physiological processeslike cell division, photosynthesis and respiration (Jones,1979). Treatment of KNO3 (3 %) was a step ahead toreduce days required for harvesting by increase in totalsoluble solid and sugars during earlier period.ReferencesBose, T.K., Mitra, S.K. and Sadhu, M.K. 1988. Grape. pp. 245. In:Mineral nutrition of fruit crops. Naya Prokash Publication,Calcutta.Jones, U.S. 1979. Potassium – The Catalyst, Fertilizers and soilfertility, Reston Publishing Company, Virginia, U.S.A. pp.189-191.Panse, V.G. and Sukhatme, P.V. 1995. Statistical methods foragricultural workers. Published by I.C.A.R., New Delhi.Samara, J.S., R.S. Thakur and Chadha, K.L. 1977. Mango. pp.313.In: Mineral nutrition of fruit crops. Naya Prokash Publication,Calcutta.Vijayalakshmi, D and Srinivasan, P.S. 1998. Improving the qualityattributes of ‘off’ year Alphonso mango through chemicalsand growth regulators. The Orissa J. of Hort. 28(1): 31-33.Table 2. Effect of foliar sprays on physical parameters of kokumTreatments           Physical parameters of fruit(concentration Length Breadth Circumference Weight@ 0.05 %) (cm) (cm) (cm) (g)T1 - Urea  once 3.63 4.05 12.61 30.18T2 - Urea  twice 3.98 4.24 13.22 32.67T3 - KNO3 once 3.67 4.05 12.68 29.74T4 - KNO3 twice 3.64 4.16 13.01 30.42T5 - MPP once 3.53 4.06 12.74 30.08T6 - MPP  twice 3.24 3.93 12.32 24.63T7 - Control 3.59 4.03 12.66 29.50S.E.m± 0.09 0.03 0.102 0.780CD (P = 0.05) 0.27 0.09 0.313 2.402MPP = Mono potassium phosphateTable 3. Effect of foliar nutrient sprays on chemical parameters of kokumTreatments Chemical parameters(concentration T.S.S. Acidity Reducing Non Total Antho-@ 0.05 %) (oBrix) (%) sugar reducing sugar cyanin(%) sugar (%) (%)(%)T1 - Urea  once 15.15 4.06 5.39 5.17 10.56 2.38T2 - Urea  twice 15.93 3.77 5.54 5.27 10.81 2.44T3 - KNO3 once 15.09 4.13 5.40 5.18 10.58 2.33T4 - KNO3 twice 15.63 3.79 5.44 5.22 10.66 2.41T5 - MPP once 15.25 4.15 5.42 5.19 10.61 2.42T6 - MPP  twice 15.39 3.73 6.05 5.54 11.59 2.31T7 - Control 14.97 4.10 5.38 5.11 10.49 2.38S.E.m± 0.173 0.124 0.010 0.014 0.02 0.12CD (P = 0.05) 0.532 0.381 0.031 0.044 0.06 N. S.NS = Not SignificantMPP= Mono potassium phosphateThe effect of foliar nutrient spray on chemicalparameters of kokum fruit is presented in Table 3. Thehighest TSS was recorded in T2 (15.930B) while the leastwas found in T7 (14.970B). The lowest acidity was noticedin T6 (3.73 %) while the highest was recorded in T5 (4.15%). The highest reducing sugar content was recorded inT6 (6.05 per cent), which was significantly superior overremaining treatments. The lowest reducing sugar (5.38per cent) was found in control which was at par with T3(5.4 per cent). The highest non-reducing sugar contentwas found in T6 (5.54 per cent), which was significantlysuperior over rest of the treatments. The fruits in controlT7 (control) recorded the lowest (5.11 per cent) non-reducing sugar. The highest total sugar in the kokum fruitswas noticed in T6 (11.59 per cent) while the lowest was

Advancing maturity and improving quality of kokum  (Garcinia indica Choisy) fruits by post flowering foliar sprays

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Advancing maturity and improving quality of kokum (Garcinia indica Choisy) fruits by post flowering foliar sprays

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