Heterosis breeding is one of the most efficient tools to exploit the heterotic response for various useful traits. The Line × Tester mating design was undertaken with seven lines and three testers were evaluated along with twenty one hybrids in randomized block design to estimate the magnitude of heterosis for yield and its yield contributing characters. The best way to utilize heterosis in crop is to generate F1 hybrids having maximum heterozygocity, thereby facilitating the identification and selection of hybrid vigor. The positive significant standard heterosis for fruit yield per plant was maximum with L3 × T1 (28.94%) followed by L7 × T3 (15.73%) and L7 × T1 (15.10%) respectively. Some of the promising hybrids have showed desirable heterosis for plant height, number of fruits per plant,1000 seed weight, seedling shoot length, seedling root length and seedling dry weight

K. R. SARAVANAN, G. KALAIYARASI, S. RANJITH RAJA RAM,

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Horticultural Biotechnology Research 2018, 4: 35-38 doi: 10.25081/hbr.2018.v4.3492 http://updatepublishing.com/journal/index.php/hbr/      ISSN: 2455-460X 35 R E G U L A R  A R T I C L E  STUDIES ON HETEROSIS FOR YIELD IN BRINJAL (SOLANUM MELONGENA. L) G. KALAIYARASI, S. RANJITH RAJA RAM*, K. R. SARAVANAN Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002,                    Tamil Nadu, India ABSTRACT  Heterosis breeding is one of the most efficient tools to exploit the heterotic response for various useful traits. The Line × Tester mating design was undertaken with seven lines and three testers were evaluated along with twenty one hybrids in randomized block design to estimate the magnitude of heterosis for yield and its yield contributing characters. The best way to utilize heterosis in crop is to generate F1 hybrids having maximum heterozygosity, thereby facilitating the identification and selection of hybrid vigor. The positive significant standard heterosis for fruit yield per plant was maximum with L3 × T1 (28.94%) followed by L7 × T3 (15.73%) and L7 × T1 (15.10%) respectively. Some of the promising hybrids have showed desirable heterosis for plant height, number of fruits per plant,1000 seed weight, seedling shoot length, seedling root length and seedling dry weight. Keywords: Heterosis, parents, F1 hybrids and yield characters   INTRODUCTION Brinjal (Solanum melongena. L) is one among the very important vegetable crop cultivating in India [1]. Brinjal is often cross pollinated and possess considerable diversity for plant types, fruit yield and yield attributing characters and thus offers an opportunity to exploit the genetic diversity for development of hybrid varieties. In ancient system of medicine, it has been used in control of many diseases, thus brinjal has medicinal properties [2]. This crop contains wide variety of dietary nutrients and minerals together with vitamins [3]. In order to obtain more varieties with high yielding and disease resistance characteristics, many attempts have been made by researchers. Exploring hybrids is one among that techniques [4]. In the present investigation, a study was conducted to study the heterosis in various crosses. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment study was carried out in Plant Breeding Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar during 2016 February-2017 January. The genotypes such as [Chidambaram Local-1(L1), Chidambaram Local-2 (L2), MDU-1(L3), KKM-1(L4), Bhavani Local(L5), CO-1(L6) and CO-2 (L7)]and three testers [Palur-1(T1), Palur-2 (T2) and Annamalai (T3)] collected from Vegetable Research Station, Palur and Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Annamalai University, were used for the studies. The seeds of ten parents were sown in rows on a raised bed nursery followed by the normal nursery practices. The transplanting was done on 30 d old seedlings with the spacing of 75 × 60 cm. Ten plants per genotype were maintained. Recommended practices like of manuring, irrigation and plant protection measures were followed. The observations recorded were days to first flowering, plant height, total number of branches per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit girth, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, 1000 seed weight, seed germination percentage, seedling shoot length, seedling root length and seedling dry weight. RESULTS AND DISSCUSION Analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that significant differences among lines and testers in respect of gca for all the characters in both the generations. The significance of gca variances thus reflected the importance of non-additive gene action for these traits. Similar results were also reported by Das and Barua [5] and Rai and Asati [6]. The differences among hybrids due to interaction between lines and testers in respect of sca were also found significant for all the characters in F1 generation indicating the importance of non-additive gene action. Similar results of gene action for these traits were also reported by Reddy, E. E. P. and A. I. Patel (2014). The predominant role of non-additive gene action in F1 generation was observed for all the traits. For all the thirteen characters the ratio (GCA/SCA) value less than unity indicated the predominance of non-additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits (table 1). Heterosis was estimated for thirteen characters and   Received 19 March 2018; Accepted 30 April 2018 *Corresponding Author S. Ranjith Raja Ram Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India Email: ranjithplantbreeder@gmail.com ©This article is open access and licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, or format for any purpose, even commercially provided the work is properly cited. Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. G. Kalaiyarasi et al.  36 expressed as percentage. The first three cross of each characters for over mid parent (di-relative heterosis), better parent (dii-heterobeltiosis) and standard parent (diii-standard heterosis) has been mentioned below in table 2. Days to first flowering  The hybrid L2 × T2 recorded maximum significant negative relative heterosis of (-9.21 per cent) followed by L2× T3 recorded (-3.64 per cent) and L4× T1 (-2.79 per cent) respectively. And the crossesL2 × T2 (-14.57 per cent) followed by L1 × T1 (-5.07 per cent) and L2 × T3 (-4.95 per cent) recorded negative and significant heterobeltios. The standard heterosis ranged from-18.90 for L2 × T2 toL1 × T2 (-2.50) and the crosses L2 × T2 recorded maximum negative standard heterosis (-18.90 per cent) followed by L4 × T1 (-17.77 per cent) and L7× T1 (-16.38 per cent) for this trait. Plant height (cm) The hybrids showed significantly negative heterosis over mid parent. The maximum negative relative heterosis was observed in L1 × T2 (-25.54 per cent) followed by L1 × T1 (-27.12) and L1 × T3 (-15.62). The crosses L1 × T2 (-29.92 per cent) followed by L1 × T1 (-27.55) per cent and L1 × T3 (-16.27 per cent) combinations recorded negative and significant heterobeltiosisfor this trait. The standard heterosis ranged from L1 × T2 (-29.92 per cent) to L5× T3 (9.63 per cent) and the crosses L1 × T2 recorded maximum negative standard heterosis of (-29.92 per cent) followed by L1 × T1 (-27.55 per cent) and L1 × T3 (-16.27 per cent) respectively. Total number of branches per plants The cross L2 × T3 recorded significant positive relative heterosis (37.17 per cent) followed L6 × T3 (18.41 per cent) and L1 × T3 (8.48 per cent) respectively. Two crosses have recorded significant positive heterobeltiosis viz., L2 × T3 (15.13 per cent) followed by L6 × T3 (4.61 per cent) for this trait. And the positive significant commercial heterosis ranged from L3 × T1 (97.73 per cent) to L5 × T2 (10.21 per cent) and the crosses of L3 × T1 recorded maximum significant positive standard heterosis of (97.73 per cent) followed by L7 × T1 (87.10 per cent) and L4 × T1 (63.36 per cent) for this trait. Number of fruits per plant The hybrid L2 × T3 recorded significant positive relative heterosis of (14.56 per cent) followed by L6 × T2 (9.38 per cent). One crosses have recorded significant positive heterobeltiosis viz., L2 × T3 (14.29 per cent) for this trait.  The positive significant commercial heterosis ranged from L7 × T1 (62.29 per cent) to L5 × T2 (12.07 per cent) and the cross of L3 × T1 recorded maximum significant positive standard heterosis (77.91 per cent) followed by L2 × T3 (74.11 per cent) and L7 × T1 (62.29 per cent) respectively. Fruit length (cm) The hybrid L1 × T1 exhibited significant positive relative heterosis (21.81 per cent) followed by L4 × T1 (17.76 per cent) and L3 × T1 (13.27 per cent) respectively. The crosses have recorded significant positive heterobeltiosis are L1 × T1 (15.74 per cent) followed by L3× T1 (8.21 per cent), L4 × T1 (4.38 per cent) for this trait. The negative significant commercial heterosis was ranging from L1 × T1 (28.54 per cent) to L2 × T2 (4.25 per cent) and the cross L1 × T1 (28.54 per cent) recorded maximum significant positive standard heterosis followed by L1 × T2 (20.79 per cent) and L3 × T1 (20.18 per cent) for this trait. Fruit girth  The hybrid L1 × T1 exhibited significant positive relative heterosis (29.05 per cent) followed by L1 × T3 (14.75 per cent) and L3 × T1 (11.83 per cent) respectively. One cross has recorded significant positive heterobeltiosis viz., L3 × T1 (11.47 per cent) respectively. And positive significant commercial heterosis and it was ranging from L3 × T1 (102.76 per cent) to L6 × T1 (9.84 per cent) and the hybrid L3 × T1 recorded maximum significant positive standard heterosis of (102.76 per cent) followed by L3 × T2 (94.49 per cent) and L1 × T1 (81.89per cent) for this trait. Fruit weight  The hybrid L4 × T3 exhibited significant negative relative heterosis (105.96 per cent) followed by L7 × T3 (88.30 per cent) and L1 × T1 (-81.33 per cent) respectively. The crosses have recorded significant positive heterobeltiosis viz., L4 × T3 (82.62 per cent) followed by L7 × T3 (68.29 per cent) and L6 × T3 (64.31 per cent) for this trait. And the crosses recorded positive significant commercial heterosis and it was ranging from L1 × T1 (120.81 per cent) to L2 × T2 (8.71 per cent) and the hybrid L1 × T1 recorded maximum significant positive standard heterosis (120.81per cent) followed by L5 × T1 (104.88 per cent) and L7 × T2 (92.36 per cent) respectively. Fruit yield per plant  The hybrids namely L5 × T2 recorded (84.09 per cent) followed by L2 × T2 (46.43 per cent) and L2 × T3 (17.67 per cent) respectively. The hybrids recorded significant positive heterobeltiosis viz., L5 × T2 (77.90 per cent) followed by L2 × T2 (40.03 per cent) for this trait. And standard heterosis for this trait and it was ranging from L3 × T1 (28.94 per cent) to L5 × T2 (9.75 per cent) and it was maximum with the hybrid L3× T1 (28.94 per cent) followed by L7 × T3 (15.78 per cent) and L7 × T1 (15.10 per cent) for this trait. 1000 seed weight  The hybrid L2 × T2 recorded significant positive relative heterosis of (49.94 per cent) followed by L6 × T1 (21.88 per cent) and L1 × T2 (20.44 per cent) respectively. One out of twenty one crosses have recorded significant positive heterobeltiosis namely, L2 × T2 (28.25 per cent) for this trait. The crosses recorded positive significant commercial heterosis and it was ranging from L7× T1 (72.15 per cent) to L7× T2 (18.99 per cent) and the cross of L7 × T1 recorded maximum significant positive standard heterosis of (72.15per cent) followed by L6 ×T1 (56.20per cent) and L3 × T1 (38.86 per cent) for this trait. Seed germination percentage The hybrid L3 × T1 exhibited significant positive relative heterosis of (5.27 per cent) followed by L7 × T1 (2.86 per cent) and L3 × T2 (2.14 per cent) respectively. And the crosses have recorded significant positive heterobeltiosis viz., L3 × T1 (3.58 per cent) followed by L2 × T2 (1.23 per cent) and L7 × T1 (1.12 per cent) respectively. The hybrid L3 × T1 recorded maximum significant positive standard heterosis of (11.91 per cent) followed by L7 × T1 (9.45 per cent) and L3 × T2 (8.05 per cent) for this character. Seedling shoot length  The hybrid L7 × T1 exhibited significant positive relative heterosis of (30.16per cent) followed by L5 × T1 (24.37per cent) and L4 × T1 (23.57 per cent) respectively. The crosses have recorded significant positive heterobeltiosis viz., L5 × T1 (23.63 per cent) followed by L7 × T1 (23.34 per cent) and L4 × T1 (22.84 per cent) respectively.  Hortic. Biotechnol. Res. 2018, 4: 35-38 http://updatepublishing.com/journal/index.php/hbr/  37 And the crosses recorded positive significant commercial heterosis and it was ranging from L7 × T1 (21.58 per cent) to L1 × T2 (8.79 per cent) and the hybrid L7 × T1recorded maximum significant positive standard heterosis of (21.58 per cent) followed by L6 × T1 (19.49 per cent) and L7 × T3 (13.15 per cent) for this character. Seedling root length  The hybrid L1 × T3 exhibited significant positive relative heterosis of (59.54 per cent) followed by L2 × T3 (40.62per cent) and L1 × T1 (25.23 per cent) respectively.  The crosses have recorded significant positive heterobeltiosis viz., L1 × T3 (58.72 per cent) followed by L2 × T3 (39.36 per cent) and L1 × T1 (23.45 per cent) respectively. And for commercial heterosis it was ranging from L6 × T2 (65.80 per cent) to L1 × T1 (23.45 per cent). The hybrid of L6 × T2 recorded maximum significant positive standard heterosis of (65.80 per cent) followed by L7 × T1 (60.49per cent) and L1 × T3 (60.36 per cent) was given for this trait. Seedling dry weight  The hybrid L2 × T2 exhibited significant positive relative heterosis (87.94 per cent) followed L5 × T3 (64.58 per cent) and L5 × T2 (56.10 per cent) respectively. And the crosses have recorded significant positive heterobeltiosis viz., L2 × T2 (34.53 per cent) followed by L5 × T3 (25.40 per cent) and L5 × T2 (15.11 per cent) respectively. And the crosses recorded positive significant commercial heterosis and it was ranging from L3 × T1 (62.50 per cent) to L1 × T3 (14.71 per cent) and the hybrid L3× T1 recorded maximum significant positive standard heterosis (62.50 per cent) followed by L2 ×T2 (37.50 per cent) and L5 × T2 (17.65 per cent) for this character.  Table 1: Analysis of variance for thirteen characters in brinjal  *, **: Significant at 1 percent and 5 per cent level  Table 2: Heterosis for the first three best hybrids in relative heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis   CONCLUSION The hybrids L3× T1, L7× T3 and L7× T1 recorded as superior hybrids based on the magnitude of standard heterosis for fruit yield per plant. The crosses L2× T2, L4× T1 and L7× T1 recorded for days to first flowering based on the magnitude of standard heterosis. Hybrids such as L7× T1, L6× T1 and L3× T1 for 1000 seed weight, the crosses L3× T1, L7× T1 and L3× T2 for seed germination percentage, the crosses L7 × T1, L6× T1 and L7× T2 for seedling shoot length and the crosses L6× T2, L7× T1 and L1× T3 for seedling root length. The hybrid L3 × T1 was identified as the best hybrid since it had significant standard heterosis for all the traits. The next best hybrids were L7 × T1 and L7 × T3 since they possessed desirable standard heterosis for major traits. Our results are in agreement with previous studies [7-11].  G. Kalaiyarasi et al.  38 REFERENCES 1. Sękara A, Cebula S, Kunicki E. Cultivated eggplants–origin, breeding objectives and genetic resources, a review. Folia Horticulturae. 2007;19:97-114.  2. Guimarães PR, Galvão AM, Batista CM, Azevedo GS, Oliveira RD, Lamounier RP, Freire N, Barros AM, Sakurai E, Oliveira JP, Vieira EC. Eggplant (Solanum melongena) infusion has a modest and transitory effect on hypercholesterolemic subjects. 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STUDIES ON HETEROSIS FOR YIELD IN BRINJAL (Solanum melongena. L)

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STUDIES ON HETEROSIS FOR YIELD IN BRINJAL (Solanum melongena. L)

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