The present investigation deals with the protein content in nematode parasite Ascardia galli and its host tissue i.e. normal and infected intestinal tissue of Gallus gallus domesticus. The result obtained an amount of protein content in the present study indicates that the amount of proteins present in nematode parasites is low as compared to protein present in infected intestine as well as in normal intestine.&nbsp

Bhure, D B

Garad, V B

Nanware, S S

Nima, Kadam

English

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International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 2012, 2(6):60-61 ISSN: 2231-6302 Available Online: http://irjs.info/    Studies on protein profile of Ascardia galli and its host Gallus gallus domesticus  D. B. Bhure*, Kadam Nima, S. S. Nanware and V.B.Garad1  Research and Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded 431 602 (M. S.), India 1Department of Zoology, D.S.M. Mahavidyalaya, Parbhani M.S. India  Abstract  The present investigation deals with the protein content in nematode parasite Ascardia galli and its host tissue i.e. normal and infected intestinal tissue of Gallus gallus domesticus. The result obtained an amount of protein content in the present study indicates that the amount of proteins present in nematode parasites is low as compared to protein present in infected intestine as well as in normal intestine.   Keywords: Ascardia galli, Gallus gallus domesticus, Protein Content. INTRODUCTION       Parasitology has developed in to a multi-dimensional approach in helminth research. They serve as valuable models for the study of fundamental biological phenomena, since many species of parasites during their life cycle undergo remarkable morphological and biochemical adaptations related to different environments. Gallus domesticus (Linn, 1758), i.e., domestic fowl an important economic source of human population, is at danger due to Ascaridiasis. It infects the intestine in such large numbers to cause the complete stoppage of the bowel as reported by Sprehn, (1930). The presence of even 4-5 worms in chicken and 15-20 worms in adults is of considerable pathogenic importance as reported by Mocsy, (1931). Much of the interest in parasite biochemistry comes from the way in which the various pathways have been modified to suit the highly specialized parasitic mode of life. In addition to this intrinsic interest parasite biochemistry has great practical importance through different production. As the production of vaccines against the nematode parasites necessitates routine in various cultures and for this the biochemistry knowledge is very important. Livestock animals like domestic fowl, Gallus domesticus have a great Socio-economic importance than other animals domesticated by humans. It is an important item of human food as well as the source of income due to the production of meat, fiber and other substances. Proteins are fundamental units for all metabolic activities, they are most important agents for expression of the genetic material. The occurrence of proteins in the body of parasite. The main significance of the proteins is their role in the structural make up of the body rather than in the gaining of the energy. Proteins play a very important role in the production of energy by acting as catalysts for various metabolic processes. The importance of proteins held in their specificity in differentiating an enzyme with other or functionally differentiating an organ from another. Yet they are important in the structural body make-up  MATERIAL AND METHODS       Some intestines of Gallus gallus domesticus were brought and these intestines were dissected for the infection of parasites. The nematodes were collected washed thoroughly in distilled water, few of them fixed in glycerol for identification. The taxonomic observation turns then to Ascardia galli. The Protein content was determined by the Lowery’s Method.  RESULTS       Proteins are the most abundant organic molecules in cells constituting 50 percent or more of their dry body weight. They are found in every part of every cell. The main significance of the proteins is their role in structural make up of the body rather than in the yield of the energy.  Table. Comparative chart of protein content in Normal host intestinal tissue, Infected Intestinal tissue and their parasite.  Protein Content (mg/gm wet weight) Normal Intestinal tissue Infected intestinal tissue Ascardia galli 19.77 19.33 15.88       The result obtained an amount of protein content in the present study indicates that the amount of proteins present in nematoode parasites is lower as compared to protein present in infected intestine as well as in host normal and infected intestine. This is summarized in table. Protein Contents from Ascardia galli and its host intestinal tissue0510152025Normal Intestinal tissue(mg/gm wet weight)Infected intestinal tissue(mg/gm wet weight)Ascardia galli(mg/gmwet weight)Protein content mg/gm wet weight  Graph. Graph showing protein content in Normal host intestinal tissue, Infected Intestinal tissue and their parasite.   Received: April 12, 2012; Revised: May 15, 2012; Accepted: June 15, 2012.  *Corresponding Author Dr. Dhanraj Balbhim Bhure  Assistant Professor, Research and Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded-431 602 (M. S.), India Tel: +91-8149407814; Email: draj_bhure@yahoo.co.in    International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 2012, 2(6):60-61  61DISCUSSION       The amount of proteins present in nematode parasites is lower as compared to protein present in infected intestine as well as in host normal and infected intestine.       The similar result also reported by Jadhav et.al. from Davainea shindei  amount of protein present in  Davainea shindei  13.20 mg/mg wt. of tissue where as in host intestine is 15.42 mg/mg of tissue. The distribution  of protein content shown in the present study is an agreement with the result of Jadhav  et.al. (2007), Nanware et.al. (2010), and Bhure et.al. (2011).      In parasitic helminthes, the protein usually constitute between 20– 40 % of the dry weight (Sharma 1979) but values, as high as 70% of the dry weight have been reported for Macrachanthorhynchus hirudinaceus and the infective larvae of  Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Barrett 1997 ) the female parasites showed higher level of  amino acid then the males (Barus 1998) the total protein content of Acanthocephalon parasites Pallisentis nagpurensis shows the female parasites were having higher protein content then males.      They also determine soluble, insoluble protein and free amino acids in adult Pallisentis nagpurensis that is soluble protein in female body 40.1± 4.2 where as in male is 20.2± 3.0, in soluble protein is 54.2± 4.2 in female and 30.2± 3.0 in male and free amino acid is 4.05± .05 in female where as 3.10± 0.42 in male body.                 A- Anterior End                  B- Posterior End  Fig. Microphotograph of Ascardia galli  CONCLUSION       The present study concluded that, the amount of protein is low in nematode parasite than infected intestine and normal intestine of host. As well as the difference in the protein content of the parasite is due to the difference in diet.  ACKNOWLEDGEMENT       The authors are indebted to Dr. N.V. Kalyankar, Principal, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded and Dr. R.P.Mali Head, Department of Zoology for their kind help, inspiration and providing necessary laboratory facilities.  REFERENCES [1] Augustinsson, K.B. 1957. In methods of Biochemical Analysis Vol. 5. D-Glick (ed). Interscience publishers Inc., New York.  [2] Barrett,J.1976. Bioenergetic in helminthes in biochemistry of parasite and host parasite relationship (Van den Bossche, H.Ed.) npp. 67-80 Amsterdam: North-Halland. [3] B.Sailaja.1991.Biochemical aspects of Choanotaenia acridotheresi Saxena, 1972 a cestode parasite of Acridotheres tristis, Linnaeus, 1766. Ph. D. thesis submitted to Osmamia University, Hyderabad. (A.P.) India. [4] Barker, L.R., Bueding, E., and Timms, A.R.,1966. Brit. J. Pharmacol Chemother.26, 656-665. (Quoted by Von Brand, 1973. Biochemistry of parasites. Academc Press, New York). [5] Barrett, J., 1981. Biochemistry of parasitic helminths pp. 308. Macmillan pub. Ltd., London.  [6] Campbell, J.W.1963 A. Amin acids and nucleotides of the cesteode H. diminuta. Comp. Biochem. And Physiol : 181-185. [7] Campbell, J.W. 1963 B. The occurrence of alanin and amino isobutyric acid in falt worms, Biol.Bull, 119: 75-79. [8] Daugherty, J.W.,1955.Intermediary protein metabolism in helminthes III the L-amino acid oxidize in Hymenolepis diminata and some effect of change in host physiology, Expt. Parasite 4:455-463. [9] Daugherty, J.W., 1957.Intermediary protein metabolism in helminthes IV the active absorption of methionine by the cestode H. diminuta Expt. Parasite 6: 60-67. [10] Daugherty.J W.,1958. Comparative studies on amino acid absorption by cestodes Expt. Parasit 7: 99-107. [11] Dhanraj Balbhim Bhure, Sanjay Shamrao Nanware and Rajendra Prabhakar Mali.2011.Effect of CuSO4 on protein content of Channa punctatus. Journal of Experimental Sciences. Vol. 2(7) pp 36-37. [12] Goodchild, C.G.1961.Protein contents of the tape worm Hymenolepis diminuta from normal bile less and starved rats, J.Parasitol., 47: 830-832. [13] Goodchild, C.G. and Dennis, E.S.1966. Amino acid in seven species of cestodes, J. Parasit., 52: 60-62. [14] Gornall G. Bardawill C. J. David M. M. 1949. Estimation of protein from parasites.J. Biol. Chem. 177-751. [15] Hiware, C.J. and Jadhav, B.V., 2002.Quantitative studies on Protein in some cestodes collected from different hosts and localities of Western Maharashtra. Vol. Zool. Socio. Ind. Vol. Zool. Society India 152-156. [16] Jadhav, B. V,. Shivesh P. Singh, Bhure, D. B. and Padwal, N. D. 2008.Biosystematic studies of Davainea shindei n.sp. (Cestoda- Davainidae) Fuhrmann, 1907 from Gallus gallus domesticus. National Acdemy of  Science Letter Vol.-31 No.-7&8 pp 245-250. [17] Lowry, O.H., Rosenburough, N.J., Farr, A.L. and Randall, R.J., 1951.Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265-275. [18] R.M. Dhondge, S.S. Nanware, D.B. Bhure and M.S. Kadam 2010.Protein profile of avain Cestodes- A case Study. The Biosphere (An International Journal of Life Sciences). Vol. 2 (2) pp-133-136. 

Studies on protein profile of Ascardia galli and its host Gallus gallus domesticus

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Studies on protein profile of Ascardia galli and its host Gallus gallus domesticus

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