The present paper deals with the seasonal variation of Trichuris sp. of sheep and goats. The high prevalence of Trichuris sp. are recorded in the month of December 2008 and November 2009 i.e. 82.8% and 85.0% respectively followed by in the month of March 2009 and February 2010 i.e. 60% and 70% respectively where as low prevalence are recorded in the month of August 2008 and July 2009 i.e. 50% and 31.5% respectively.Â

Borde, S N

Humbe, Atul

Jadhav, Swati

Padwal, Nitin

English

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International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 2011, 1(12):17-18 ISSN: 2231-6302 Available Online: http://irjs.info/    Seasonal variation of intestinal Trichuris sp. in sheep and goats from Maharashtra State  Nitin Padwal1, Atul Humbe2, Swati Jadhav3 and S. N. Borde3  1Department of Zoology, S.P. Mahavidyalaya Bhoom Dist- Osmanabad, India  2Department of Zoology, S.G.R.G. Shinde Mahavidyalaya Paranda Osmanabad, India 3Department of Zoology, Dr. B.A.M.University Aurangabad (M.S.), India  Abstract  The present paper deals with the seasonal variation of Trichuris sp. of sheep and goats. The high prevalence of Trichuris sp. are recorded in the month of December 2008 and November 2009 i.e. 82.8% and 85.0% respectively followed by in the month of March 2009 and February 2010 i.e. 60% and 70% respectively where as low prevalence are recorded in the month of August 2008 and July 2009 i.e. 50% and 31.5% respectively.   Keywords: Seasonal variation, Trichuris Sp. Sheep and goats, Maharashtra State.  INTRODUCTION       Parasitology is one of the vast and highly advanced branch of Zoology. Parasitism is undoubtedly an ecological relationship between two different populations. Noble and Noble, 1976 stated that parasitism is an association of two organisms of different species, in which one is benefited and other harmed. The organism, which is benefited, is the parasite and that which suffers, is the host. Parasites are not different from any other form of life except for its unique nature of dependence on another free living host for its existence. The remarkable feature of parasite ecology is the close association with negative impact an individual maintains with another living organism with the result the host in many ways act as the environment for the parasite as stated by parasitologists Noble and Noble, 1976.      Helminths are members of complex biota, an understanding of population structure and behavior has resulted in the emergence of population dynamics and community structure as major branches of animal Helminthology. Helminths are common parasites of fishes. Usually they are present in large numbers and have high species diversity. Helminthic infections are a worldwide problem for both small and large scale farmers but their impact is greater and the availability of wide in India due to range of agro-ecological factors suitable for diversified hosts and parasite species. Economical losses are caused by gastrointestinal parasites in a variety of ways; they cause losses through lowered fertility, reduced work capacity, a reduction in food intake and lower weight gains, treatment cost and mortality in heavy parasitized animals. The host-parasites relationships in case of Nematode parasites result into large scale damage at the site of attachment consequently economical loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS       The present study carried out to collect the Nematode parasites from the intestine of Sheep and goats. The Sheep and goats intestines brought to the laboratory and each intestine was carefully observed and the Nematode parasites were collected. Then the nematodes are preserved in hot 10% glycerol, cleared in lacto phenol, mounted in glycerin jelly.  RESULTS AND DISCUSSION       The genus Trichuria was established by Roederer in 1761 with the type species as T. trichura Linnaeus, 1771. The high prevalence of Trichuris sp are recorded in the same annual cycles i.e. in the month of December 2008 and November 2009 i.e. (82.8% and 85.0% respectively) followed by in the month of March 2009 and February 2010 i.e.(60% and 70% respectively) where as low prevalence are recorded in the month of August 2008 and July 2009 i.e. (50% and 31.5% respectively) The incidence of parasitic infection occurs during winter season because of the suitable climatic conditions and the availability of food i.e. pastures during their development. The prevalence of this Trichuris sp.  varies considerably depending on local environmental conditions such as humidity, temperature, rainfall, vegetation and management practices. Climatic conditions are responsible for the distribution and prevalence of the disease. It is well recognized that in resource poor regions of the world helminth infections of sheep and goats are major factors responsible for economic losses through reduction in productivity and increased mortality Over et al., [11]. The effects of climatic factors on helminthes have elaborately studied by Kennedy [8, 9], Lawrence [10], Crofton and Esch [6]. The considerable work on population dynamics were carried out by many authors, such as Esch G.W. [6], Ram Reddy [14]. The season, host, age and sex affect the distribution of endohelminths from Catostomus commersoni Lawrence [10]. There is host specificity because the morphological, physiological and ecological factors affect the host specificity. These factors play an important role for controlling the parasite to a particular host species in particular season.   Received: Oct 15, 2011; Revised: Nov 26, 2011; Accepted: Dec 13, 2011.  *Corresponding Author  Dr. Atul Humbe Assistant Professor & Head, Dept. of Zoology, S. G. R. G. S. Mahavidayala Paranda, Dist. Osmanabad, (M.S.) India.  Tel: +91-9404677028; Fax: +91-9404677028 Email: atul.s.humbe@gmail.com    Nitin Padwal et al.,    2  Table I. Population dynamics of Trichuris sp. from Sheep and goats during June, 2008-May, 2010  Name of Month No. of the host Examined No. of the host Infected Total No. parasites collected Incidence % Locality June, 08 20 12 15 60 Aurangabad July, 08 19 10 14 52.6 Aurangabad, Beed, Ahmednagar Aug., 08 22 11 25 50 Osmanabad, Solapur Sept., 08 25 15 22 60 Beed,  Jalna Oct., 08 30 20 29 66.6 Aurangabd, Nanded Nov., 08 32 25 37 78.1 Solapur, Osmanabad Dec., 08 35 29 45 82.8 Aurangabad, Beed Jan., 09 28 19 38 67.8 Nanded, Jalna, Buldhana Feb., 09 20 10 21 50 Beed, Osmanabad, Latur Mar., 09 25 15 30 60 Ahmednagar, Nanded, Buldhana,  Apr., 09 30 13 28 43.3 Aurangabad, Beed,  Osmanabad May, 09 18 10 17 55.5 Jalna, Parbhani, Nanded ,  June, 09 15 07 18 46.6 Beed, Osmanabad, Amravati  July, 09 19 06 10 31.5 Satara, Pune, Kolhapur Aug., 09 20 11 14 55 Nashik, Pune, Amravati Sept., 09 22 14 30 63.3 Jalgoan, Jalna, Buldhana Oct., 09 24 20 34 83.3 Beed, Solapur, Latur Nov., 09 20 17 39 85 Aurangabad, Nanded, Buldhana Dec., 09 18 14 31 77.7 Ahmednagar, Pune,  Nashik Jan., 10 30 15 18 50 Jalgoan, Jalna, Buldhana Feb., 10 20 14 30 70 Parbhani, Nanded, Buldhana Mar., 10 22 12 15 54.44 Aurangabad, Pune Apr., 10 25 14 18 56 Satara, Sangli May, 10 18 10 22 55.5 Satara, Sangli , Pune Total 557 343 600 61.5 Maharashtra  CONCLUSION       After the analysis of data, the present study can be concluded that high population of Trichuris Sp. are occurred in winter season followed by summer season and low rainy season. This type of results indicates that environmental factors and feeding habitats are influencing that seasonality of parasitic infection either directly or indirectly.  ACKNOWLEDGMENT       The author is sincerely acknowledged to Late Dr. Baba Jadhav, Prof. & Head, Department of Zoology, Dr. B.A.M. University, Aurangabad and Principal of S.G.R.G. Shinde college Paranda Dist- Osmanabad (M.S.) India for their support and blessings.  REFERENCES  [1] Anderson, R. M. 1976. Seasonal variation in the population dynamics of Cryptophyllaeus laticeps.Parasitology,72:281-305. [2] Bardoloi, (1991) Incidence of Intestinal helminth infection of Deer in captivity Zoo’s Print J., 6 (11): 17. [3] Dakshinkar et.al. (1983) Occurrence of Trichuris sp. in deer (Axis axis) Veterinarian, 7(11): 9 [4] Dogiel,V.A.1958. Parasitology of fishes, Leningrad University press, Oliver and Boyd, Edinberg and London. [5] Georgi JR, Whitlock RH, Flinton JH. (1972) Fatal Trichuris discolor infection in a Holstein-Freisian heifer. Cornell Vet.;62:58–60. [PubMed] [6] Esch G.W. 1977. Regulation of parasitic population. Academic Press, INC. New York. [7] Hopkins, C. A. 1959. Seasonal variation in the incidence and development of the cestode Proteocephalus filicolis (Rud.1810) in Gasteosteus aculeatus L. 1766. Parasitol., 49:529-542. [8] Kennedy, C.R. 1968. Population biology of the cestode Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Pallas, 1781) in duce, Leuciscus L., of the river. Avon. J. Parasitol, 54, pp. 538-543. [9] Kennedy, C.R. 197. The effect of temperature on the establishment and survival of the of the cestode Caryophyllaeus laticeps in orfe, Leuciscus idus.Parasitol., 63: pp. 59-66. [10] Lawrence, J. L. 1970. Effect of season, host age and sex on endohelminths of Castostomus commersoni. J. Parasitol. 56: 567-571. [11] Over, H.J., Jansen J. And Von Olm, P.W. 1992. Distribution and impact of helminth diseasesof livestock in developing countries. FAO animal production and health paper 96. FAO of United Nation Rome, Italy, pp.221. [12] Patrick and Esch G.W. 1977. Seasonal incidence in the painted turtle, Chrysennys picta. J. Parasitology, 53, pp. 818-821. [13] Pennyuick 1971: Seasonal variation in the parasitic population of three spined stickleback. Gasteosteus aculeatus L. Parasit., 63: 373-388. [14] Ram Reddy, G.B. 1980. Studies on the population dynamics of helminth parasites of certain lizards of Hyderabad Ph.D. thesis Osmania University, Hyderabad, India. [15] Susheela G. 1987. Study on population dynamics of helminth parasites of rats from Hyderabad and its surroundings. Ph.D. Thesis, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.  

Seasonal variation of intestinal Trichuris sp. in sheep and goats from Maharashtra State

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Seasonal variation of intestinal Trichuris sp. in sheep and goats from Maharashtra State

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