The antibacterial evaluation of flavone derivative compounds was done against pathogenic micro-organisms. For the antibacterial activity against, four human pathogens namely, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli and one plant pathogen, Pseudomonas auroginosa were selected. Antibacterial activity was tested by well method. Most of these compounds showed antibacterial activity against these selected pathogenic microorganisms. The MIC (Minimal Inhibition Concentration) of the flavones derivative was also tested against the above pathogens. The antifungal activity of flavones derivative were tested against four pathogenic fungi namely Alternaria sp. and Helminthosporium sp., Aspergilus niger and A. flavus. The antifungal activity was tested by well method. Most of these compounds showed antifungal activity.Keywords: Flavones, Antibacterial, Antifunga

Raut2, Vikram Patil1, B.Y. Gotigalla1, S.D.

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International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 2011, 1/3:16-18 ISSN: 2231-6302 Available Online: http://irjs.info/   IRMJ- Biotechnology Antimicrobial evaluation of some synthesized Flavone derivative compounds *Vikram Patil1, B.Y. Gotigalla1, S.D. Raut2 1Department of Biotechnology, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded 2 Department of Botany, Pratibha Niketan. College, Nanded Abstract: The antibacterial evaluation of flavone derivative compounds was done against pathogenic micro-organisms. For the antibacterial activity against, four human pathogens namely, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli and one plant pathogen, Pseudomonas auroginosa were selected. Antibacterial activity was tested by well method. Most of these compounds showed antibacterial activity against these selected pathogenic microorganisms. The MIC (Minimal Inhibition Concentration) of the flavones derivative was also tested against the above pathogens. The antifungal activity of flavones derivative were tested against four pathogenic fungi namely Alternaria sp. and Helminthosporium sp., Aspergilus niger and A. flavus. The antifungal activity was tested by well method. Most of these compounds showed antifungal activity. Keywords: Flavones, Antibacterial, Antifungal   INTRODUCTION Flavones are commonly found in human diet especially in fruits, vegetables, tea, red wine, and juices. Consumers and food manufacturers are interested in flavones because these compounds could exert direct or indirect beneficial effects on health [1, 2].  The flavone backbone derives from a chalcone intermediate and consists of two aromatic rings interconnected by a three carbon atom heterocyclic ring. The subsequent modifications on this polyphenolic structure can lead to the great diversity of flavone derivatives. Among their numerous biological activities including antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties, some flavone derivatives were shown to be active on chloroquine-sensitive and resistant strains of P. falciparum [3, 4, 5]. Major flavanols found in human diet, such as apigenin, luteolin and quercetin, can inhibit parasite growth by targeting metabolic pathways occurring in the apicoplast a plastid-like organelle encountered in apicomplexan parasites. Besides a direct inhibition of the parasitic metabolic pathways, flavones could disturb the infected-erythrocyte cytoadherence properties and decrease their sequestration in small vessels. Several flavones have an interesting anti-HIV activity [6]. The objectives of the study were to determine antimicrobial activity of flavones derivatives and to determine the MIC (Minimal Inhibition Concentration) of the flavones.  MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection of chemical compounds:-  All the six synthesized compounds were collected from the department of chemistry, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded.  Culture  The synthesized compounds were subjected for antibacterial activity against four bacterial strains viz., Proteus vulgaris, E.coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas auroginosa and four fungal species as Helminthosporium sp. Alternaria spp. Aspergillus niger and  Aspergillus flavus. The pure culture of test bacteria were obtained from culture collection deposited in department and the pure culture of bacteria was maintained on selective sterile agar slants. The cultures were maintained in refrigerator for use and regularly checked for contamination, periodic transfer were made aseptically. Preparation of solution of compound  The flavone derivative compounds were dissolved in the organic solvent, Dimethyl sulphoxide [DMSO] and dilution is made as in three concentrations of compounds as 50 µg, 100 µg and 250 µg compound in 1ml DMSO. The solution was then used for antimicrobial testing, MIC.  Determination of Antimicrobial activity of flavones derivatives The antimicrobial study was conducted for the determination of following parameters like, Zone of Inhibition and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration), Different concentration of synthetic chemical compounds were tested for anti-microbial activity by disc diffusion method [7]. Nutrient agar medium was inoculated with different micro-organisms and once the media was solidified, it was punched with a 6 mm diameter well [8]. The  wells  were  then  filled  with  different  concentration  of  synthetic   Received: February 19, 2011; Revised April 11, 2011; Accepted April 11,2011.  *Corresponding Author, Tel: +91 2952221782 Email: vikram007patil@yahoo.com Copyright © 2011 Authors. This is an online open access articlepublished by ScholarJournals of Society for Scientific Research, and isdistributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, whichpermits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original work is properly cited. Internat. Multidiscipl. Res. J. 2011, 1/3: 16-18  17chemical compounds  and  control (DMSO) (concentration  of synthetic chemical compounds was  50 µg/ml ,100 µg/ml and 250 µg/ml). Agar plates containing bacteria and synthetic chemical compounds were incubated at 37ºC for 24 hrs. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by measuring the inhibition zone. Inhibition zones were recorded as the diameter of growth free zone, including the diameter of the well, in millimeters at the end of the incubation period. The tested drug was classified as active when the diameter of the inhibition zone was equal to or larger than 6 mm. Simultaneously standard antibiotic Penicillin for P. vulgaris,  P.  aeruginosa,  E.  coli, B. subtilis  were  used  for comparison at a conc. 50 µg/ml each. The sample was tested in triplicate. Similar procedure was adopted for fungi, except PDA was used as a selective media for the effective growth of fungi. Nystatin was used as standard antibiotic for the comparison of zone of inhibition with different concentrations of synthetic chemical compounds.  At the end of incubation period the zone of inhibition for the synthetic chemical compounds was measured for each bacteria and fungi and the results were tabulated. The results for the comparison of MIC of synthetic chemical compounds with standard antibiotics were recorded. Synthetic chemical compounds in different concentrations (100 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml) control (DMSO) and standard (Nystatin 5 µg/ml),  were transferred to the cups of each agar plate, incubated at room temperature (270C) and examined for inhibition zones after 36 hours of incubation to screen for antifungal activity. Microbial cultures and growth conditions  The synthetic chemical compounds were assayed for antifungal activity against the fungal strains, A. niger, A. flavus, Heliminthosporium spp. ,Alternaria spp.  RESULTS  Table 01. showing 50 µg compound dissolved in 1ml of DMSO Sr. no Comp. Bacteria (Zone of inhibitions) P. valgaris B. subtilis E. coli P. aerogenosa   STD (Penicillin) COMP. STD (Penicillin) COMP. STD (Penicillin) COMP. STD (Penicillin) COMP. 01 C1 3mm 2mm 7mm 4mm 3mm 3mm 3mm 3mm 02 C2 3mm ----- 8mm 4mm 3mm ----- 3mm ----- 03 C3 3mm ----- 8mm 5mm 3mm ----- 3mm 2mm 04 C4 3mm 5mm 7mm 3mm 3mm 4mm 3mm 4mm 05 C5 3mm 6mm 7mm 4mm 3mm 7mm 3mm 4mm 06 C8 3mm 5mm 7mm 3mm 3mm ----- 3mm -----  In the present investigation, six flavone derivatives were selected as probable test chemicals and screened in vitro for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against eleven human pathogenic bacteria and four phytopathogenic fungi. It was observed that all the four bacteria such that E.coli, Pseudomonas aerogeinosa, Proteus vulgaris, and Bacillus subtilis shows antibacterial activity against chemical compounds with zone of inhibition.   When pathogenic bacterial strains were tested against flavones derivative compounds such as  C 1, C 2, C 3, C 4, C 5 & C 8 at different concentration (50 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml) Some compounds showed good inhibition area at one specific concentration but at varied concentration the above bacteria did not show or less area of zone of inhibition as compared to previous one. Some bacteria showed resistance to some given flavone derivative compounds at all concentrations so did not show any zone of inhibition.  Table 02. showing performance of 250 µg compound dissolved in 1ml of DMSO.  The antifungal activity of flavone derivative compounds was tested against the four fungal species. A. niger, A. flavus, Alternaria spp. and Helminthosporium spp. at the two concentration levels i.e. at 100 µg/ml and 250 µg/ml. At 100 µg/ml, A.niger and A. flavus showed good zone of inhibition to all six flavone derivative compounds, but Alternaria spp. Did not show any zone of inhibition and the Helminthosporium spp. did not show zone of inhibition to the compound namely C2, C3 and C4 and at the concentration of 250µg/ml(as shown in table no.5).  Aspergillus niger showed good zone of inhibition except for the compound C4 and A. flavus to C2, C4, C5 and C6. At this concentration, Alternaria showed good zone of inhibition to all six compounds and Helminthosporium spp. Showed zone of inhibitions to the compounds C3 and C5 only.    Sr. no Comp. Bacteria (Zone of inhibitions) P. valgaris B. subtilis E. coli P. aerogenosa   STD (Penicillin) COMP. STD (Penicillin) COMP. STD (Penicillin) COMP. STD (Penicillin) COMP. 01 C1 2mm 2mm 11mm 8mm ------ 3mm 5mm 2mm 02 C2 2mm ----- 14mm 6mm ------ ----- 4mm 3mm 03 C3 2mm 2mm 10mm 6mm ------ ----- 6mm 4mm 04 C4 2mm 5mm 10mm 6mm ------ 5mm 4mm 5mm 05 C5 2mm 5mm 10mm 5mm ------ 4mm 4mm 5mm 06 C8 2mm ----- 10mm 4mm ------ ----- 5mm 5mm Vikram Patil et al.   18Table 03. showing performance of 100 µg compound dissolved in 1ml of DMSO.  Table 04 showing performance of 250 µg compound dissolved in 1ml of DMSO  DISCUSSION Our results suggest that against these compounds show significant antibacterial activity against test bacteria. Most of flavone derivatives show maximum zone of inhibition against gram negative bacteria as E. coli, Proteus vulgaris, Psudomonas sp. as well as gram positive as Bacillus subtilis. All the flavone compounds tested against four fungi as Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Alternaria sp.  Heliminthosporium sp showed interesting results.  Only two compounds, i.e. C2 and C4 did not show any zone of inhibition. These derivative compounds are could be used as the antibacterial and the antifungal agents in the pharmaceutical industries. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Authors are thankful to the Head. Department of Chemistry, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded for their help in providing synthesized compounds. REFERENCES [1] Anonymous. The global threat of antibiotic resistance (British Pharmaceutical Conference 2000). Pharm J 2000; 265:692–4. [2] Harborne JB, Baxter H. The handbook of natural flavonoids, Vol I. [3] Havsteen B. Flavonoids, a class of natural products of high pharmacological potency. Biochem Pharmacol 1983;32: 1141–8 [4] Middleton Jr E, Chithan K. (1993). The impact of plant flavonoids on mammalian biology: implications for immunity, inflammation and cancer. In: Harborne JB, editor. The flavonoids: advances in research since 1986. London, UK: Chapman and Hall;  [5] Vadlapudi V, Bobbarala V, Penumajji S, Naidu KC. Excoecaria allocha L. Antimicrobial properties against important pathogenic microorganisms. Internat. J. Pharm.Tech Research 2009; 4(1):865-7. [6] Kimberlin DW, Whitley RJ. Antiviral resistance: mechanisms, clinical significance, and future implications. J Antimicrob Chemother 1996;37:403–21. [7] Bauer, Kirby, Sheris and Truck, J. Am. Clin. Path., 45, 493 (1996). [8] Norrel SA, Messley KE (1997). Microbiology Laboratory Manual Principles and Applications: Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River. New Jersey.   Sr. sr.no Comp. Fungi (Zone of inhibitions in mm) A. niger A. flavous Alternaria sp. Helminthosprium sp.   STD (Nystatin) COMP. STD (Nystatin) COMP. STD (Nystatin) COMP. STD (Nystatin ) COMP. 01 C1 3mm 5mm ----- 2mm ----- ----- ----- ----- 02 C2 3mm 2mm ----- 2mm ----- ----- ----- ----- 03 C3 3mm 3mm ----- 1mm ----- ----- ----- ----- 04 C4 3mm 3mm ----- 2mm ----- ----- ----- ----- 05 C5 3mm 4mm ----- 4mm ----- ----- ----- 4mm 06 C8 3mm 2mm ----- 2mm ----- ----- ----- 2mm Sr. no Comp. Fungi (Zone of inhibitions in mm) A. niger A. flavus Alternaria sp. Helminthosprium sp.   STD (Nystatin ) COMP. STD (Nystatin ) COMP. STD (Nystatin ) COMP. STD (Nystatin ) COMP. 01 C1 4mm 7mm ----- 5mm 4mm 6mm 2mm ----- 02 C2 4mm 2mm ----- ---- 4mm 4mm 2mm ----- 03 C3 4mm 6mm ----- 3mm 4mm 6mm 2mm 3mm 04 C4 4mm ----- ----- ----- 4mm 4mm 2mm ----- 05 C5 4mm 4mm ----- ----- 4mm 6mm 2mm 3mm 06 C8 4mm 3mm ----- ----- 4mm 3mm 2mm ----- 

Antimicrobial evaluation of some synthesized Flavone derivative compounds

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Antimicrobial evaluation of some synthesized Flavone derivative compounds

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