The underlying principle of this study was to assess the effect of eight weeks concurrent strength and plyometric training in enhancing the selected biomotor abilities. For the purpose of this study, thirty male volleyball specialization students from the department of physical education and sports sciences, Annamalai university, aged 20 to 22 years took part in the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to either concurrent training (n=15) or control (n=15) group. The training regimen lasted for eight weeks. The selected criterion variables were assessed using standard tests and procedures, prior to and immediately after the training programme. Analysis of covariance was employed to establish the degree of significant modification on chosen criterion variables. The findings of the study revealed that eight weeks of concurrent training had an effectiveness of 4.13% on leg strength, 11.81% on strength endurance, 0.40% on speed, and 7.53% on anaerobic power. These findings suggest that the concurrent strength and plyometric training programme have statistically significant influence in developing the selected criterion variables

W. Vinu2, R. Muthu Eleckuvan3, K. Jothi1*,

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Recent Research in Science and Technology 2010, 2(5): 124-126 ISSN: 2076-5061 www.recent-science.com  PHYSICAL EDUCATION & SPORTS SCIENCES   EFFECT OF CONCURRENT STRENGTH AND PLYOMETRIC TRAINING  ON SELECTED BIOMOTOR ABILITIES K. Jothi1∗, W. Vinu2, R. Muthu Eleckuvan3  1Associate Professor, YMCA College of Physical Education, Nandanam, Chennai, India 2Lecturer, Department of Physical Education & Sports Sciences, Annamalai University, India 3 Lecturer (SS), Department of Physical Education & Sports Sciences, Annamalai University, India   Abstract The underlying principle of this study was to assess the effect of eight weeks concurrent strength and plyometric training in enhancing the selected biomotor abilities. For the purpose of this study, thirty male volleyball specialization students from the department of physical education and sports sciences, Annamalai university, aged 20 to 22 years took part in the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to either concurrent training (n=15) or control (n=15) group. The training regimen lasted for eight weeks. The selected criterion variables were assessed using standard tests and procedures, prior to and immediately after the training programme. Analysis of covariance was employed to establish the degree of significant modification on chosen criterion variables. The findings of the study revealed that eight weeks of concurrent training had an effectiveness of 4.13% on leg strength, 11.81% on strength endurance, 0.40% on speed, and 7.53% on anaerobic power. These findings suggest that the concurrent strength and plyometric training programme have statistically significant influence in developing the selected criterion variables.  Keywords: Concurrent Strength, Plyometric and Biomotor ability                                                          ∗ Corresponding Author, Email: jothi.k_66@yahoo.co.in Introduction In today’s age of scientific knowledge man is making rapid progress in all walks of life and it is true in the area of games and sports. Also scientific knowledge has revolutionalised the standards of human performance in sports disciplines. The athletes are now trained on scientific lines and using highly sophisticated technology for top performance in their specific sports, with minimum expenditure of energy and time. So as to have the utmost efficiency, consistent improvement and balanced abilities, a sportsperson must participate in year round conditioning programs. For that they must put their bodies under a certain amount of stress to increase physical capabilities. Physical exercise is extremely important for maintaining physical fitness including healthy weight; building and maintaining healthy bones, muscles, and joints; promoting physiological well-being; and strengthening the immune system. To improve or maintain a desired level of physical fitness, there is a need to constantly administer an adequate training intensity while exercising. Different training modalities are used for the development of different features of physical fitness, as each sportsperson requires a different types and levels of physical composure.  Today, most weight training systems in use are based on variation, of the De Lorne method. If properly    carried out weight training may improve speed, explosive power, strength and endurance. Circuit weight training is one of the effective means to improve all round physical and cardiovascular fitness, whereas, plyometric training is one of the most effective methods for improving explosive power as stated by Fleck and Kraemer (2004). A wide variety of athletes can benefit from power training, particularly if it follows or coincides with a strength training program. Although, plyometric training has received much attention recently, it had been a part of the training of athletes in a variety of sports for years. It is used in conjunction with other power development methods in a complete training programme to bridge the gap between maximum strength and explosive power. Scientific research has given us a fundamental understanding of the elastic properties of muscle and its training ability. The effects of resistive type exercise on athletic performance have been largely evident. To know the efficacy of concurrent circuit weight training and plyometric training; and its commendable contribution to one’s level of fitness, it was decided to take up this study. We hypothesized that concurrent strength and plyometric training may have significant affluence for the development of selected biomotor abilities.  K. Jothi et al./Rec Res Sci Tech 2 (2010) 124-126  Methodology Subjects and variables For the purpose of this study, thirty male volleyball specialization students from the department of physical education, Annamalai university, in the age group of 20 to 22 years were recruited, with their consent. All of them were healthy, nonsmoking and with a negative medical history. The selected subjects were randomly assigned to both the concurrent training and control groups of fifteen each. The selected criterion variables were assessed using standard tests and procedures, prior to and immediately after the training regimen. The instruments used for testing the criterion variables were standard and reliable as they were purchased from the reputed companies, and moreover they were attuned and tested for its accuracy. The standard tests and instruments used for assessing the criterion variables are presented in table 1. Table 1: Criterion Variables and Test S. No. Variables Tests / Instruments Unit of Measurement 1. Leg Strength Leg Dynamometer Kilograms 2. Strength Endurance Bent Knee Sit-ups Counts 3. Speed 50 Metres Dash Seconds 4. Anaerobic Power Margaria Kalamen Power Test Watts  Training protocol The experimental group underwent training regimen that consisted of six to eight exercises a session, two sessions a day, four days a week for eight weeks. In the morning circuit weight training was administered with intensive sessions on Monday and Friday for upper and lower body respectively, and the extensive sessions on Tuesday and Thursday for lower and upper body respectively. In the evening plyometrics was incorporated with sessions contrary to that of in the morning, on the principles of load and specificity. The control group did not participate in any specialized training during the period of study.       Experimental design and statistical procedure The experimental design used for the present study was random group design involving thirty subjects. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used as a statistical procedure to establish the significant difference, if any, existing between pretest and posttest data on selected criterion variables. The level of significance was accepted at P < 0.05.   Results and Discussions The descriptive analysis of data collected on selected biomotor abilities prior to and immediately after eight weeks of concurrent strength and plyometric training is presented in table 2. Table 2: Computation of Mean and Standard Deviation on Selected Biomotor Abilities Variables Groups Pretest  Posttest x σ x σ Leg Strength Control 96.67 11.41 95.73 7.81 Experimental 95.20 8.71 99.13 5.83 Strength Endurance Control 27.67 6.38 28.13 4.64 Experimental 28.80 3.91 32.20 3.47 Speed Control 7.53 0.41 7.52 0.41 Experimental 7.49 0.37 7.46 0.36 Anaerobic Power Control 104.53 4.29 109.07 4.38 Experimental 101.80 4.46 109.47 4.24  ANCOVA was employed to determine the significant impact of concurrent strength and plyometric training on selected biomotor abilities and it is presented in table 3. K. Jothi et al./Rec Res Sci Tech 2 (2010) 124-126   Table 3: Analysis of covariance on selected biomotor abilities of control and concurrent training groups Variables Groups Adjusted Mean SOV Sum of Squares df Mean Square ‘F’ ratio Leg Strength Control 95.29 B 137.73 1 137.73 14.80* Experimental 99.58 W 251.29 27 9.31 Strength Endurance Control 28.50 B 82.74 1 82.74 14.94* Experimental 31.84 W 149.53 27 5.54 Speed Control 7.52 B 0.0052 1 0.0052 35.24* Experimental 7.47 W 0.0040 27 0.0002 Anaerobic Power Control 107.56 B 64.03 1 64.03 196.77* Experimental 106.91 W 8.79 27 0.325 Required table value for significance at 0.05 level of confidence for df of 1 and 27 is 4.21 * Significant at 0.05 level  The findings of the study shows that significant difference existing between control group and concurrent strength-plyometric training group on leg strength, strength endurance, speed and anaerobic power, since the obtained ‘F’ ratio of 14.80, 14.94, 35.24, and 196.77 respectively were greater than the required table value of 4.21 for significance at 0.05 level of confidence for df of 1 and 27. It appears that regular participation in physical exercises initiate a disruption in systemic homoeostasis, which is followed by an adaptive phase results in the betterment of the performance of leg strength, strength endurance, speed and anaerobic power, which might be due to the progressive loading of intensity. The findings of the study is in par with some of the literatures (Blackey & Southard, 1987; Gehri et al., 1998; Matavulj et al., 2001) that a relatively small amount of plyometric training is required to improve performance in vertical jumping, long jumping, sprinting and sprint cycling. A conditioning program consisting of both plyometric training and resistance training can improve power performance in the vertical jump (Blackey & Southard, 1987; Adams et al., 1992; Bauer et al., 1990; Clutch et al., 1983) and 40-yard sprint time (Olhemus et al.).  Conclusions The result of this study demonstrated that, concurrent strength and plyometric training with repeated bouts of a combination of physical exercise has significant impact on leg strength, strength endurance, speed and anaerobic power of volleyball players.  References Adams K., O'Shea J.P., O'Shea K.l. and Climstein M. (1992). The effects of six weeks of squat, plyometric and squat-plyometric training on power production. J Appl Sport Sci Res. 6:36-41. Bauer T., Thayer R.E. and Baras G. (1990). Comparison of training modalities for power development in the lower extremity. J Appl Sport Sci Res. 4:115-121. Blackey J.B. and Southard D. (1987). The combined effects of weight training and plyometrics on dynamic leg strength and power. J Appl Sport Sci Res. 1:14-16. Clutch D., Wilson C. McGown C. and Bryce G.R. (1983). The effect of depth jumps and weight training on leg strength and vertical jump. Research Quarterly. 54:5-10.  Fleck S.J. and Kraemer W.J. (2004). Designing Resistance Training Programs, 3rd Edition. Champaign,IL: Human Kinetics. Gehri D.J., Richard M.D., Kleiner D.M. and Kirkendall D.T. (1998). A comparison of plyometric training techniques for improving vertical jump ability and energy production. J strength Cond Res. 12:85-89. Matavulj D., Kukolj M., Ugarkovic D., Tihanyi J. and Jaric S. (2001). Effects of plyometric training on jumping performance in junior basketball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 41(2):159-64. Olhemus R., Burkhart E., Osina M. and Patterson M. The effects of plyometric training with ankle and vest weights on conventional weight training programs for men and women. National Strength Coaches Association J 2:13-15. 

Effect of Concurrent Strength and Plyometric Training on Selected Biomotor Abilities

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Effect of Concurrent Strength and Plyometric Training on Selected Biomotor Abilities

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