Mapua, Salumu

Matowo, Nancy S.

Moore, Jason

Okumu, Fredros O.

English

Digital Library of the Tanzania Health Community

Figure 1:The odor-baited mosquito landing box is designed to mimic humans sitting outside houses, e.g. people cooking in open kitchens in rural communities (A). It has a solar panel on its top 
surface (C), which powers the odor-dispensing system inside (D). A semi-open screen cage(B) (not an essential component of the device) can be used to intermittently entrap and sample host-seeking 
mosquitoes visiting the device. 
Using a new odour-baited device to explore options for luring and killing outdoor-biting 
malaria vectors: design and field evaluation of the Mosquito Landing Box 
                        Nancy S. Matowo٭, Jason Moore, Salumu Mapua and Fredros O. Okumu 
Common mosquito methods such as long lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) target only those mosquitoes 
that enter houses, yet several mosquitoes also bite people outside houses. These outdoor biting mosquitoes contribute significantly to the ongoing residual malaria 
transmission  in Africa. 
Materials and Methods: Field experiments were conducted in Tanzania to assess if wild host-seeking mosquitoes 1a) visited the MLBs, 1b) stayed long or left 
shortly after arrival at the device, 2) visited the devices at times when humans were also outdoors, and 3) could be killed by contaminants applied on the devices. 
Odours suctioned from volunteer-occupied tents were also evaluated as potential low-cost bait, by comparing baited and un baited MLBs . 
D 
The  outdoor  biting  and  outdoor  resting  vectors 
contribute to residual transmission in areas where 
LLINs and IRS are already widely used. 
Findings 3: The visiting vectors can be contaminated and 
killed using appropriate mosquito-killing agents 
Findings 1: Free flying mosquito vectors can visit the MLB in 
large numbers. 
Findings 2: The mosquitoes visit  the devices at about the same time that 
humans are also usually outdoors 
Conclusion: While odour-baited devices such as the MLBs clearly have potential against outdoor-biting mosquitoes in communities where LLINs are used, candidate 
contaminants must be those that are effective at ultra-low doses even after short contact periods, since important vector species such as An. arabiensis make only brief 
visits to device. Natural human odours suctioned from occupied dwellings could constitute affordable sources of attractants to supplement odour baits for the devices. 
The killing agents used should be environmentally safe, long lasting, and have different modes of action (other than pyrethroids as used on LLINs), to curb risk of 
physiological insecticide resistance. 
* Correspondence email address: nstephen@ihi.or.tz 

Using a New Odour-Baited Device to Explore Options for Luring and Killing Outdoor-biting Malaria Vectors: Design and Field Evaluation of the Mosquito Landing Box

http://ihi.eprints.org/2289/1/Nancy_Matowo_ASTMH_Conference_November_2013_Washington_DC.pdf

Using a New Odour-Baited Device to Explore Options for Luring and Killing Outdoor-biting Malaria Vectors: Design and Field Evaluation of the Mosquito Landing Box

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Digital Library of the Tanzania Health Community