Abaimov A. P.

Kajimoto T.

Matsuura Y.

Osawa A.

Zyryanova O. A.

English

application/pdf紀要類 (bulletin)595102 bytesdepartmental bulletin pape

Osawa, A.

Abaimov, A. P.

Matsuura, Y.

Kajimoto, T.

Zyryanova, O. A.

Tohoku University Repository (TOUR) / 東北大学機関リポジトリ

Anomalous Patterns of Stand Development inLarch Forests of Siberia (Extended Abstract)著者 A Osawa, A.P.Ab aimov, Y Matsuura, T Kajimoto,O.A.Zyr yanova雑誌名 The science reports of the Tohoku University.Fifth series, Tohoku geophysical journal巻 36号 4ページ 471-474発行年 2003-05URL http://hdl.handle.net/10097/45428 TOhoku Geophys.  Journ.  (Sci.  Rep.  TOhoku Univ., Ser. 5),  Vol.  36, No. 4, pp. 471-474, 2003Anomalous Patterns of Stand Development in Larch Forests of Siberia (Extended Abstract)         A. OSAWA',  A.P.  ABAIMOV2, Y. MATSUURA3,             T. KAJIMOTO4 and  O.A.  ZYRYANOVA5 'Faculty of  Intercultural Communication, Ryukoku University, Ohtsu, Japan  2Sukachev Institute of Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia  'Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Tsukuba,  Japan  4Tohoku Research Center, FFPRI, Morioka, Japan  'United Nations Development Program, Krasnoyarsk, Russia                  (Received December 19, 2002)1. Introduction    Models of the global climate have suggested that locations of major temperature increase during the next several decades will be the high latitude of northern hemisphere  (Kahl, et  al., 1993) where the landscape is dominated by boreal forests and tundra. Therefore, it is logical to characterize the patterns of carbon sequestration in  terms of the temporal development in biomass and carbon. Presence of growth layers (growth rings) in perennial trees in the boreal forests allows us to study the patterns of stand development in detail. Siberia is one of the areas in the  high-latitudes, where rapid warming is predicted to occur by the climate models. We therefore chose to character-ize patterns of stand development in the boreal forest of Siberia.Materials and methods    Patterns of stand development were investigated intensively at one stand (plot 14) of Larix gmelinii  (Abaimov et  al.,  1998  ; Osawa et  al., 2000). The stand is located ca. 5 km north of the settlement of Tura at  64°19'N and  100°13'E, developed monospecifically after a stand replacing fire of 1901, and was  97-years-old when majority of the stem samples were taken for study in 1998. The area is underlain continuously with perma-frost. A rectangular plot of 12 m  X 18 m was established in an area of relatively dense L. gmelinii stand, where the dead stems are abundant indicating operation of active self-thinning. All living trees were numbered, and their DBH and other stand characteristics were measured. All dead trees in the plot were marked, and were cut at the ground level. A stem disc was sawed out from each tree at the ground level. The number of growth rings was counted in each disc to estimate the time of tree death. A difference between 97 and the number of rings was assumed to be the year before present when the tree died, since the stand is considered even-aged, and became established 97 years ago. Decomposition rate of the dead stems appeared very slow, which allowed examination of nearly all stems that were collected. A series of relatively dense stands of various ages472was also selected in the study so that they represent the chrnosequence of forest development after a  stand-replacing fire. Depth of the active layer and aboveground biomass were estimated in each stand. Aboveground biomass of the trees was calcu-lated with the equations of Kajimoto et  al., (1999).Results and discussion   The stand density was 4,120 trees/ha. Maximum tree height was 11.2 m.  Maxi-mum and mean DBH were 10.7 and 5.43 cm, respectively. Fig. 1 shows the tree mortal-ity during development of plot 14. The mortality was estimated from the age analysis of the dead stems. The trees started to die in large number during 1930s, increased in mortality during 1940s and 50s. Then the mortality gradually declined. The pattern suggests that active self-thinning of the stand started in 1930s when the trees were  30-40 years old.    Fig. 2 shows the estimated tree mortality for a given DBH class between 1970 and the time of sampling in 1996 as being calculated by the number of trees that died during the period divided by the tree density for that DBH class. Not only small trees, but also many of the middle-sized trees died during the recent 26-year period. Smaller trees are to die first in general in self-thinning forests (Ford 1975). The present finding, therefore, differs strikingly from the ordinary thinning patterns.  Fig.  3 indicates development after a major fire of aboveground biomass and the depth of soil active layer. The aboveground biomass increases rapidly first, but levels off at stand age of  ca. 30-40 years. The biomass tends to stay at a nearly constant level afterwards. The leveling-off of the biomass accumulation appears to correspond with the decrease in the active layer depth from over 100 cm to  ca. 40 cm. Our conception of the generalized stand development patterns are contrasted and summarized for two ecosystems (Fig.  4)  ; one is the larch forest growing on continuous permafrost, and the other is the non-permafrost coniferous forest ecosystem. The forest development during the initial 30-40 years is similar between the two. However, the soil active layer becomes shallow after that period, restricting both soil volume for root growth  (Ka-7n O  E  a)  I-rN  a)  >,  0  ZI-73  a) 'Es 16  14 12 10  8  6  4  2  0 1900 1910 1920  1930 1940 1950 1960  1970                     Year  Fig.  1. Estimated tree mortality    development of plot 14. 980  1990during         0.5  ru  0.4 72_0!000326 TOa) EE €1) a   0 2 4 6 8 10  1               DBH median (cm)  Fig.  2. Estimated tree mortality between   1970 and 1996 in plot 14 in relation to  DBH class of the trees in 1970.473 Ct -6b E  :2,  a)  >,  cr)  — E (1) o>   7^6  C • 5 2(4 0)45  Q)  > -c o  .0  C')  CT5  0  C  C15  0100010010 50Active layer depth Fig.  3. Temporal development of    active layer in Larix gmelinii   study. 100  150Stand  ale  (yr) aboveground biomass stands estimated from200and depth of soil a chronosequencePermafrost ecosystemOrdinary ecosystemAfter fire (disturbance)30  years later SeedlingsPermafrost After fire (disturbance)100 yearsFig. 4.     anlater30 years laterti 100 years later Forest dynamics in relation to presence d the rise of the permafrost over time.or absence of permafrost,474 jimoto et  al. in press) and nutrient availability (Matsuura and Abaimov 2000). A peculiar tree mortality pattern is likely to develop due to this growth restriction in the permafrost ecosystem. Our findings suggest that overall pattern of structural develop-ment may differ dramatically in the permafrost ecosystems as compared to the forests on non-permafrost soils. The appearance of the constant aboveground biomass at a relatively young stand age, and its lasting effect in older stands (Fig. 3) is an example.ReferencesAbaimov, A.P., Lesinski, J.A., Martinsson, 0., and Milyutin,  L.1.,  1998: Variability and ecology of       Siberian larch species. Department of Silviculture, Swedish University of Agricultural       Sciences, Uppsala, Rep.  No.  43. Ford,  F.D.,  1975  : Competition and stand structure in some even-aged plant monocultures. Journal       of Ecology,  63  : 311-333.  Kahl, J.D.,  Charlevoix,  D.J., Zaitseva,  N.A., Schnell, R.C., and Serreze,  M.C.,  1993: Absence of       evidence for greenhouse warming over the Arctic Ocean in the past 40 years. Nature,  361: 335-337. Kajimoto, T., Matsuura, Y., Sofronov, M.A., Volokitina, A.V., Mori, S., Osawa, A., and  Abaimov,        A.P.,  1999  : Abaove-and below-ground biomass and net primary productivity of a Larix       gmelinii stand near Tura, central Siberia. Tree Physiology,  19: 815-822. Kajimoto, T., Matsuura, Y., Osawa, A., Prokushkin,  A.S., Sofronov, M.A., and Abaimov, A.P. Root       system development of Larix gmelinii trees affected by microscale conditions of permafrost       soils in central Siberia. Pant and Soil (in press). Matsuura, Y., and Abaimov, A.P.,  2000  : Nitrogen mineralization in larch forest soils of continuous        permafrost region, central Siberia -an implication for nitrogen economy of as larch forest       stand- In G.  Inoue and A. Takenaka (eds.) Proceedings of the eighth symposiumon the       joint Siberian permafrost studies between Japan and Russia in 1999., 129-134. Osawa, A., Abaimov, A.P., and Zyryanova,  0.A.,  2000  : Reconstructing structural development of       even-aged larch stands in Siberia. Canadian  Journal of Forest Research,  30  : 580-588.

Anomalous Patterns of Stand Development in Larch Forests of Siberia (Extended Abstract)

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Anomalous Patterns of Stand Development in Larch Forests of Siberia (Extended Abstract)

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