HATAKEYAMA  Toshiteru

MIYAZAKI  Akio

MIYAZAKI, Akio

HATAKEYAMA, Toshiteru

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Characteristics of Spontaneous Activity in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat(SHR)

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Tohoku University Repository (TOUR) / 東北大学機関リポジトリ

Characteristics of Spontaneous Activity inSpontaneously Hypertensive Rat(SHR)著者 MIYAZAKI  Akio, HATAKEYAMA  Toshiterujournal orpublication titleTohoku psychologica foliavolume 55page range 101-106year 1997-07-01URL http://hdl.handle.net/10097/56194er　上方　8.,　　漸　近　年　中　o>　中　obe hlS　　両　部　elS of Lch再読T隷謁培鴇FohaCHARACTERISTICS OF SPONTANEOUS ACTIVITYIN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RAT (SHE)ByMⅣAZAKI A榊o (宮崎章夫)1 md HATAYAMA TosHH聯U (畑山俊輝)1( Tohoku Uniuersily)BehavioraJ chamcteristics of spent-eously hypertensivc rats (SHRs) were e･･mined bycomparhg the SPOnt-eOLIS activity of 8 SHRs with that of 8 n0-0tensive WiStar-Kyoto rats (WKYs)at 23-30 weeks A age in a no-aI homecage environment･ Continuous measurement of the actlVLtywas taken over 72 hous･ Andysis of the activity revealed that the circadim rhythm of Ale activity ASHRs was less noticeable th- WrKYs･ This was atthbuted to the promin,Once of Ale ultradianv山ation of me activity 読 SHRs･ Ths su鵠eSted he less orgmized circadim rhyhms of sleep-wakeMness cycles A SHRs･ A relationship between the cardiovascular system and Ale SIeep-wake血heSS regJadon was discussed･Key words: SHR･ hypertension, SPOnt-eons activity, circadian rhytlm･INTRODUCTIONme acute raised blood pressue induces紬OuSd in elec廿oencephdogr-s of boh sleepingmen (Scheider-Hehe巾1983) as weu as cats (Baust 皮 Hinemam言967).Recent studies reported -ny hypertensive persons complained of insonmia (Dimenas,Wikllmd･ DaH6f･ Lindvau･ OIofsson, a De faire, 1989; Muer, Montoya, Schandry, a Hard.1993) ･ In addition, Ale hypertensives with Ale lowered level or blood pressue fouowing theadministration of speciGc antihypertensives tended not to make such a kind of complains(Rosen帆, Be-he, C-ou, Fiedel, Kisch, Leiba, 皮 Traub, 1995; Wemhg, Thomas, &Ludwig, 1988) I This suggested that the chronicauy raised blood pressue is involved in thesleep disorders.According to Wagner and Storongatz (1984) , however, the nomotensives who believedhemselves to be hypenensives show me tendency to complain me physicd symptoms typic劇yreported by hypertensives･ Thus, regardless of actual blood pressue levels, the awareness ofhigh blood pressue might cause me inso-ia reponed by hypenensives･As above･ mechanisms of he relationshp between hypenension md sleep disorders釘estin lmClear･ In dylng tO investlgate Ale mechanism, Ale animal studies uslng SPOntaneOuSlyhypehensive rats (SHRs) , a model of hmm eSSentid hypenension (Okamoto & Aoki, 1963) ,glVe a Clue for elucidating blood pressue-behavior relationships in detail･ The fact that SHRschacterized by chronic hypertension show higher level of the locomotor actlVlty ln an Open-1･ Depment of Psychology, Faculty of Arts -a Letters, Tohoku University, Kawauchi. Aoba-ku,Sendai, Miyagl I"efecture, 980 - 77. Japm･102 Miyaz血i, A･ and H飢ayama, T鮒d (Sate, Shimizu, 皮 Hatayama, 1995) su鰐eStS hat a c紺diovascJarぬctor of bloodpressue wo血d a胱ct not o叫physiologicd actlVlty but dso oven behavior･ The e血erstudies or day--night altemations of the spontaneous locomotor actlVlty uSlng nOmOtenSive rats(Btittner a Wollnih, 1984; Honma a Hiroshige, 1978) round that they showed circadianactivity rh担ms, Then, supposing that cardiovascular Factors Ⅲe involved in insomniareported by human hypertensives, it is inferred SHRs would be different in rest-active rhmsof me spontaneous actlVlty仕om n0-0dsive rats･ In order to ex-ine血ncdonalrelationships between hypertension and the sleep-wakeMness regulation･ the present studyfocused on delineatlng Periodic characteristics of Ale SPOntaneOuS aCtlVlty Which SHRs showedin a homecage･METHODsuLjects: Eight male SHRs and 8 Wistar Kyoto Rats (WKYs) as n0-0tenSive controls･amounting 16 rats in total, Were used at 23-30 Weeks in age･ AH subjects were kept in Aleconstmt d調kness at me room temperame of 24 ± 2℃･ Food and water were av蘭able adlibim.Apparatus 'The present experiment was conducted in the sound attenuated room (SONY･STUDIO LAB) under constant darkness (DD) at Ale room temPeratue Of 24j2cc･Measurements of the activity were made by means of condenser-type activity monitor devices(COLUMBUS INSTRUMENTS, AUTOMEX) which made it possible to co-t血equency ofv｡ni｡d movements occmed inside a plastic homecage (17 cm X 27 cm X 14 cm)･procedure: Each rat was put into the homecage･ FoHowing the habituation period or 24houS, SPOntaneOuS aCtivlty Of he rat was measued continuously血oughout 72 hoⅢS･ D山ngthe period of measuement, the activLty Was tranSf0-ed to total counts per 1 minute beforestored into a Poppy disk in a personal computer (NEC, PC9801-UV) ･Data analysis: The least sq-es spectral analysis was -de to examine whedler thespontaneous day-night activity wo血d v叩Wih circadi- rhyhms･ To me acdvity datas-mod per 6品nutes, Coshe請ICdons were触ed wmin a range of pehods between l･0 -30.0 h｡u in h｡ increment 0.1-h. Wih mese proced山eS,血e percentage rhy血n (PR) wascalculated, dlat Was the percentage of Ale data's variance accounted for by variations of theeach細ed nmction･ me pehod -d me amp血de of he請ncdon wih he maximum PRvdue were regarded as me circadi- pehod -d me chcadian ampmude･ respectively･Measurement of systolic blood pressure: Artehal systolic blood pressue (SBP) wasmeasued wih he山一C血ple血中10伊aPhy (Nats-C, manometer-tachometer system KN-210) 1 week before the activity measuement･RESULTsystol.･C bloodpressure: The SHRs showed the mean SBP of 223･O mmHg and their SD of19.8, W軸e me WKYs did me SBP of 130･4 -Hg and血eir SD of4･48･ One-way ANOVAreve血ed mat mep<.01). Thisr(SトZ⊃00)>ト一>一LO<(%)W工ト>工tJ山○<トNuOtj山d000　　　　00　　　　05　　　　02　　　　20　　　　0　　　　00　　　　0　　　　05　　　　0　　　　51日L rl06　　　　2〇回-L ot8　　　　4　　　　0Figi l･ Rest-acdve ppmels) of a -Spontaneous Cvdues lbr one rep】circadian periods ,reve轟ed mat mereThe PR vduewere mdyzed byvdue of me circap<･01) (Fig. 2).man WKYs (F(1,'a　　嶋　.ー〓-　Vlつ　　e dS　∫ノ4〝　　g　℃旧　恩　　1　　16　肥　Rof ACharacteriSticS ef Spent-eons Activ.ty h SHH 103revealed that Ale SBP in SHRs were smcantly higher thm in WKYs (F(1,14) -144.9,p < ･01) I Ths res山co血-ed 血種t SHRs used h his smdy were in severe hypenension.0052(sLZ⊃00)>ト一>一LO<(%)yvE^工は山OVLNuOt]山容00020　　　0　　　00　　　0　　　05　　　0　　　5引　　　　　　r i,S6　　　　2rs r日日8　　　　40TiME COURSE (HOUR)0　　5　10　15　20　25　30PERIOD (HOUR)250020001 5001 000500016128400　10　20　30　40　50　60　70TIME COURSE (HOUR)WKY NO.50　　5　10　15　20　25　30PERIOD (HOUR)FB･ 1･ Rest･active pattem8 0f spent-eous activity(upper p-eLB) -d correspondhg percentage rhythm(lowerp-els) of a repreeentative individml rat of SHRs(len) md WKYs(hght).Sponめneous actiuity: Rest-active pattems of spontaneous act.V.ty and corresponding PRvalues for one representative -i-I of each strain were she- in Fig･ 1･ Group-averagedcircadim pehods were 24･2 hou in SHRs -d 24･l ho皿in WKYs･ A one･way ANOVArevealed dlat dlere Was nO Strain diHerence in Ale Circadim period･The PR value of the circadi- variation, the circadian amplitude, and Ale total activitywere -dyzed by a one-way ANOVA, respecdvely･ These mdyses reve血ed 血種t he PRvalue of the circadim variation in SHRs was smaller than in WKYs (F(1,14) -22.34.p<･01) (Fig･ 2)I The amp皿de of he circadi- v誼adon in SHRs was ma専ndly sm劇erm- WKYs (F(1,ll) -4･03, p<･10)･ There w鮎nO虹ain d胱rence in he total activity.Miyazaki, A･ and Hamy-a, T重工チエ田山○<LZ山○虻田d8　　　4　　　00　　5　　10　15　　20　　25　　30PER10D (HOUR)Fig･ 2･ Group-aver鴨ed least-squares spec廿a of PR vdues･DISCUSSIONThe spent-eous actlVlty ln SHRs v紬ied wih a pehod of about 24 hems simil紬tOWKYs, though the circadian rhm of the activity in SHRs was less noticeable because theamplimde -d me PR vdue of he circadi- vahation in SHRs tended to be sm州er 血anWKYs. This suggested that the differences in the activity between the subjective day and nightwere rather smaH in SHRs as well as that the nuctuation of the actlVlty Other than the circadianv頒iation was prominent･Borbely (1981) stated dlat rest-activity pattems of spontaneo'us activity generauycorresponded to sleep-wakufulness pattems･ The observed actlVlty PattemS in the presentstudy would, if so, be accompanied by Ale less organized circadian sleep-wakehllness rhyd-sin SHRs.The present resJts su鵠eSt mat he c紬diovascJ撮めctor of hypenension h SHRs interactsVim the mechanism of the sleep-wake鮒ness reと叫ation･ Visual inspection of the activitypattems of SHRs in the present experiment (Fig. 1) found that the Ldtradian variation with apehod of 1 -2 hems was pro血nent, which make it di縦cJt to grasp pehodicity of he circadianvariation･ Disorganization of circadian rhythms with prominent ultradian variation, as Honmaet d. (1978) sll鵠eSted, may renect me請nctiond abnom血中of he chcadian clock in hecemal neⅣOus system. A suppon of山s notion is he indication (Peters, Zoller, Hennessey,Stopa, Andersen,chcadian clock (隻rhymms and mePaulらBrody, Elbiblood pressue in(wall or anehes mmen. Additiona一rats dso showedfactor or high blo(a great deal is ncSHRs, much morlinteracts Vim meactive State.Baust, W., 良 Hemalld wakeBorbeIy, A･ 1981(,llL'nl'cal a83-103.Bdtmer. D.. 皮 Wol山e laboriDimenasI A., WikJs ubjectiveJoumal oJHoma, K., 皮 Hir(A meriαInMivazaki. A. 199.hypertensi･M田er､ Ail Montoy｣qudity ofOkmoto. K., 氏 メarcuLatioIPeters, R.. Zoller. Irhyhms創h spont餌Rau H., PaJi. P.activity･ PRosenthL T.. Ben-life in patj56､ 57-6Sate, T.. Shmizu.behavlOr iSchelder - He血enCh皿aCtehstics of Sponmneous Activity 読 SHH 105ヽヽ＼ヽ､ヽヽ-＼{l＼＼ヽi､＼ヽHar touse he)I 血and night･c adian)ne血lypro senthyhmslteraCtSactivitywih arc adianHonmain heLneSSey 'Stopa, Anderson, a Alberts, 1994) dlat high levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide in thechcadian clock (suprachiasmatic nucleus) in SHRs wo血d lead to boh he abn0-d chcadianrhythms and the cardiovascular activity･ On the odler hand, Baust et al･ (1967) and Ran,pauli, Brody, Elbert, and Birbaumer (1993) who paid attention to the feedback or peripheralblood p聯Sue indicated hat he a範rent hpJse誼om b紬OreCePtOrS at me blood-Vessel innerwan of anehes modJated activation level of me cen血neⅣous system bom in animals mdmen. Additiondly, Miyazaki (1995) recendy fbund out hat me sdt-induced hypenensiverats dso showed ahost me same spontaneous activity pattemS aS SHRs･ So, me pehpherdぬctor of high blood pressue levels might resJt in he -usual activity pattem in SHRs･ Whilea great deal is now known about the behavioral characteristics of the spontaneous activlty 帆SHRs, much more work is needed before we win be able to elucidate how Ale Peripheral factorinteracts w血me請｡ction of he cemal re糾1atory mechanisms to produce behaviord rest-acuve state.REFERENCESBaust, W., 氏 Hehemmn, H. 1967 The role of he b紺OreCePtOrS md of blood pressme 読 reと叫ation of sleepand wake軸ness･ EaPerimental Brain Research, 3, 1 2 - 24･Borbely, A. 1981 Sleep regdation; circadian rhythm and homeostasisi ln D･ Canton 良 D･ Pぬ∬ (Edsi) ･ Sleep,Iat'nical and e坪'erimenwl aspects of cumenl topics ･'n neuroendocn'noLogy･ Ber一in: Sprhger- Verlag, pp･83-103.mmer, D., 良 Wounik, F. 1984 Smh-d胱rentiated circadim and山adim rh叫s in locomotor acdvity ofthe labomtory rat･ Behavior Genea'cs, 14, 137- 152･Dhends, E., WikJLmd, I., Dan萄C., LindvalJ K., Olofsson, B., 良 De Faire. U. 1989 DiHerences in Alesubjective weu-behg -d symptoms of n0-0tensives, bord記ine hypeneⅢiveS md hypenensives･Journat of hypertenszbn, 7, 885 -890･Homa. K･, a Hiroshige, T･ 1978 Endogenous ultradian rhythms A rats exposed to prolonged continues light･American J'ournaL ofphysiologr, 235, R250 - R256･Miyazaki, A. 1995 General actiu･'ty and cir∽dian rhylhm of spontaneously励,eru,鳩iue rat and salt- induced励,eru'鳩''ue rat. Unpublished master 's thesis, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japm･ (h Jap-ese)Muer. A･, Montoya, P･, Schmdry, Fi･, a Lydia, H･ 1994 Ch-ges in physical symptoms･ blood pressue andqudity of lifemver 30 dayS･ BehwioraL Research and Tlherapy. 32, 593-603･Okamoto, K., a Aoki, K. 1963 Development of a stmin of spent-eously hypertensive rats･ JapaneseCJ'rcuLation JouT･nal, 27, 282 - 293.peters, R･, Zoller, R･, Hemessey, A･. Stop E･, Andersen, G･, a Alberts, H･ 1994 The control of circadianrh叫s md he levels of vasoactive hesthd pephde mRNA h he suprachiasmadc nucleus虹e dteredin spontmeously hypertensive ratS･ Brain Research, 639, 217- 227･R叫H., Pa山P.､ Brody, S., Eme巾T･, & Bめa-er, N･ 1993 B姐OreCePtOr SthJadon dters conicalactivity･ PychophysioLogy, 30, 322 - 325･Rosen心耳T., Ben-Ahe工Cam叫J〟, Fiedel, ら Kisch, E., Leiba, M., 皮 Tra心Y. 1995 Improvlng甲山ity oflife in patients win hypertension, Lishoprd as a replacement therapy･ Current Therapeutic Research･56,57-61.sato, T･. Shimizu, K･, a mtayma, T･ 1995 meets of tramient painm heat stimulation on open-neldbehavior 読 SHR･ Tohoku Pychologica Folio, 54, 6-12･Scheider-Hehe巾D･ 1983 Expehmend elevations of blood pressue hduced as - htemd sthJus dlhng106 Miyaz心i, A･ -d Hatay-a, Tsleep 読 mm: E縦cts on conicd v剖mce md response hresholds h d胱rent sleep B中野･ Sle`p, 6,339-346.Wager, E･, 氏 Strongatz, D･ 1984 Hypertension labeling md well-behg: AItemative exp1-ationB h cros8-9cctioml data. JoumaL of chronic msease. 37, 943 - 947･Wemmg, C., Weiz, T., 皮 Ludwig, B. 1988 AsSeSgment Of indapmide in elderly hypertenSive padents wihspecial emphasis on weu-behg. me Amen'can Journal of Medicine, 29 (SuPPl･ lB), 104-108･(Received December 24, 1996)(Accepted May 7, 1997)ACME (UniveActa UniversitとAmerican PsycArsbok 1996BJletin de laDet KongeligeHomo 1995言Jonmal of CouKairos, 1996日L'ann6e Psychplace PedagogiPlace PsycholoiRevista CubanaS廿omata 1996,``studia''UniveUniversita degliWissenscha仙ich

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Characteristics of Spontaneous Activity in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat(SHR)

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