Seedlings of Vitis berlandieri accumulated relatively small amounts of chloride in their petioles. Seedlings of V. cinerea, V. rupestris and V. champini x V. rupestris accumulated on average 3-4 times as much chloride as V. berlandieri although some individuals were comparable with V. berlandieri. The V. berlandieri x V. rupestris rootstocks 99 and 110 Richter, 140 Ruggeri and 1103 Paulsen were all comparable with the V. berlandieri seedlings.Unterschiedliche Chloridanreicherung bei amerikanischen RebartenSämlinge von Vitis berlandieri sammelten in ihren Blattstielen relativ geringe Chloridmengen an. Sämlinge von V. cinerea, V. rupestris und V. champini x V. rupestris reicherten durchschnittlich 3- bis 4mal soviel Chlorid an wie V. berlandieri, obgleich einzelne Individuen mit V. berlandieri vergleichbar waren. Die (V. berlandieri x V. rupestris)-Unterlagen 99 und 110 Richter, 140 Ruggeri und 1103 Paulsen zeigten alle ähnliche Chloridkonzentrationen wie die V.-berlandieri-Sämlinge

Antcliff, A. J.

Barrett, H. C.

Newman, H. P.

English

JKI Open Journal Systems (Julius Kühn-Institut)

Vitis 22, 357-362 (1983) CSIRO Division of Horticultural Research, Merbein, Victoria, Australia Variation in chloride accumulation in some American species of grapevine by A. J. ANTCLIFF, H. P . NEWMAN and H. c. BARRETI Unterschiedliche Chloridanreicherung bei amerikanischen Rebarten Zus a mm e n f a s s u n g . - Sämlinge von Vitis berlandieri sammelten in ihren Blattstie-len relativ geringe Chlorid.mengen an. Sämlinge von V. cinerea, V. rupestris und V. champini x V. rupestris reicherten durchschnittlich 3- bis 4mal soviel Chlorid an wie V. berlandieri, obgleich ein-zelne Individuen mit V. berlandieri vergleichbar waren. Die (V. berlandieri x V. rnpestris)-Unterla-gen 99 und 110 Richter, 140 Ruggeri und 1103 Paulsen zeigten alle ähnliche Chloridkonzentrationen wie die V.-berlandieri-Sämlinge . Introduction The possibility of using rootstocks to restrict the entry of chloride into grapevines has been raised by SAUER (1968), BERNSTEIN et al. (1969) and DOWNTON (1977 a). The var-iation in chloride exclusion in hybrid populations suggests that deliberate breeding to obtain rootstocks or even fruiting cultivars superior in this character may be worth-while (SYKES et al. 1983). DOWNTON (1977 b) has given some data for chloride. accumula-tion for different species of Vitis but in view of the wide variation within V. vinifera (GROOT ÜBBINK and ALEXANDER 1973) more data on the variation within other species of Vitis would be helpful. This paper gives further data for V. berlandieli, V. cinerea and v: rupestris and some hybrids involving these species and also V. champini. Materials and methods Some of the seed of V. berlandieri and V. rupesti·is was collected from open polli-nated vines growing wild in North America which would almost certainly have been pollinated by their own species. The rest of the seed was collected in the vineyard of the University of Illinois, from deliberate crosses in the case of V. berlandieri and V. cinerea, and after open pollination in the case of V. champini and V. rupestris. There were no male vines of V. champini in the vineyard, and from observations on relative flowering times, it is most likely that both V. champini and V. rupestl"iswere pollinated by V. rupestris. Seed was also collected from deliberate crosses of one clone of V. cinerea and two hybrids of V. berlandieri x V. cinerea by a clone of V. rupestris. The seeds were germinated and the seedlings planted 1 m apart in 9 adjacent rows 2.5 m apart at the Merbein vineyard of the CSIRO Division of Horticultural Research. The soil type was Coomealla loam (PENMAN et al. 1939) and the vines were furrow-irri-gated during each growing season with water delivered from outlets at the tops of the vine rows containing about 2 to 3 mM Cl - . With the time taken for the water to reach the bottom of the row (a fall of 0.4 min 116 m) and the decrease in flow down the fur-358 V·cinereo 58x 194-1 0·9 0 ·3 A. J. ANTCLIFF, H. P. NEWMAN and H. c. BARRETI \58 X 9 ~58x56 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' „l....._.Lml.....~~~--lm..ILIJL..~„_.l-...~--la.~~~--L...~..La.....ll„.L.~'1.......a~ Row62 55X194-1 55x56 0·9 0 ·3 Row61 V· cinerea 55 x V. rupestris R65-36 0·9 ';? 0·3 ~ ~~ ~ V· rupestris apen pallinated, probably by V·rupestris 0 ~0·9 .,, w Q 0·3 l;:; Row59 ... ~ 1·5 w 0 ;;;: 0·9 0 _, :i: u 0·3 V·champini open pollinated, probably by V· rupestris V ·berlandieri j various open pollinated 0·3l.__l ..... u•~'--· •L-.....ai....1• ... u-.. _ _..a-.. __ _._I ___ __..L..LI ~1 _.l_.&.1 „. ___ Row 57 Resseguier 2 x Mazode 0·3 ~Resseguier 2 x 7651,except* 7652 x 7651 ' ' '--~~~--1 .... ~~~~..a.._~ ... ..._~'~..,....._~~~~~~~-&.~~._. ... ~ Row~6 7651 1 Resseguier 1 x 0 ·3 .._..'---Ll~''--~_.l~IL-~~•~·---•..__.IJ..._~__.l~~~~•'~'~~~~~Row55 0·31 Resseguier 1 x Mozade • 1 II 1. 1 • • •• 1 • Row 54 10 20 3°0 40 50 6°0 io 80 9°0 100 110 VINE POSITION FROM IRRIGATION OUTLETS Fig. 1: Chloride concentration in petioles of seedlings from various American species and hybrids of grapevine. lllinois 882-6 and 882-11 are V. berlandiel"i Resseguier no. 2 x V. cinerea 9. Chloridgehalt in den Blattstielen von Sämlingen aus verschiedenen amerikanischen Rebarten und -kreuiungen. Illinois 882-6 und 882-11 : V. berlandieri Nr. 2 x V. cinerea Nr. 9. Variation in chloride accumulation in some American species of grapevine 359 Chloride levels (% dry weight) in petioles of seedlings from various crosses within V. cinerea Chloridgehalt (Trockengewichts-%) in den Blattstielen von Sämlingen aus verschiedenen intraspe-zifischen Kreuzungen von V. cinerea Cross No.of Chloride seedlings 58 X 194-1 27 0.578 58 x9 4 0.570 58x56 2 0.570 55x56 11 0.639 55x9 9 0.487 55 X 194-1 all 24 0.305 high 11 0.526 low 13 0.118 row due to soakage, the amount of water applied would decrease progressively from the top of the row apart from ponding at the bottom of the row. There were previously installed tile drainage lines at a depth of about 1.5 m between rows 54 and 55, and rows 60 and 61 (see Fig. 1). Unless enough water was applied over the whole area to leach salt through to the drainage lines, chloride would tend to accumulate about 80-100 m from the top of the row and in the areas furthest from the drainage lines (THOMAS 1939). Petioles were sampled for chloride determination in January 1982 when the vines were 13 years old. Various rootstocks involving V. berlandieri, V. rupestris and V. champini, including some experimental rootstocks from the University of California, Davis, were sampled at the same time. Petioles were collected from primary leaves on nodes 4-7 of primary shoots, oven-dried at 70 °C and ground in a Wiley mill to pass a 1 mm sieve. Chloride concentration was measured by silver ion titration with a Buch-ler-Cotlove chloridometer (Nuclear Chicago, New Jersey, USA) using cold water extrac-tion. Results The data for the vines raised from seed are presented in Fig. 1. Among the species, seedlings from V. berlandieri showed the least chloride, with a mean value of 0.145 % dry weight (89 vines, range 0.03---0.37). compared with 0.490 (77 vines, range 0.07-1.20) for V. cinerea and 0.519 (34 vines, range 0.12-1.14) for V. rupestris. There were no sig-nificant differences between the means for the various crosses within V. berlandieri, but within V. cinerea the cross of clones 55 and 194-1 showed a significantly lower mean than the other crosses. About half of the seedlings from the cross 55x194-1 gave values similar to those for the other crosses, but the remainder gave low values compa-rable with those for V. berlandieri (Table). The 3 V. cinerea x V. rupestris hybrids bad a mean value of 0.927 % dry weight (range 0.64-1.24) while the 18 (V. berlandieri x V. cinerea) x V. rupestris bad a mean of 0.482 (range 0.06---0.97); of these 18, 5 came within the range of the simple hybrid, 6 came within the range for V. berlandieri, and the rest were intermediate. 360 >-40 u z w ::J a w "" u... 20 ;;-..!? >- 40 u z w ::J a w ~ 20 A. J. ANTCLIFF, H. P. NEWMAN and H. c. BARRE'IT R99 ~V- berlandieri ~V- rupestris 0·4 0·8 1·2 CHLORIDE IN PETIOLES ('% DRYWT·) Jl7-69 K49-56 Ramsey Jl7-48 ~ V-champini ~ V-rupestris Fig. 2: Chloride concentration in petioles of a number of grapevine rootstock cultivars compared with frequency diagrams for seedlings of their parent species. Chloridgehalt in den Blattstielen etlicher Unterlagssorten im Vergleich zu den Histogrammen für Sämlinge ihrer Elternarten. The 29 V. champini seedlings gave a mean of 0.668 % dry weight with a range of 0.20-1.73. The vine with the highest value had hermaphrodite flowers and leaves with many characters of V. vinifera, indicating that it was a hybrid with a pure or predomi-nantly V. vinifera cultivar, but none of the others showed any obvious signs of not being hybrids with V. rupestris. Fig. 2 shows the chloride values for a number of rootstocks (means of from 2 to 6 vines each) in relation to the frequency distributions of the seedlings from their parent species. From the upper graph it can be seen that all 5 rootstocks shown there fell within the range of V. berlandieri. Rupestris du Lot had a lower chloride value than any of the V. rupestris seedlings, and while the other 4 stocks are V. bel'landieri x V. Tupestris hybrids, all except 110 Richter have Rupestris du Lot as the male parent so their low values are not surprising. The lower graph shows that the 6 experimental V. Variation in chloride accumulation in some American species of grapevine 361 champini x V. rupestris rootstocks from Davis all fall within the range of the pre-sumed V. champini x V. rupestris seedlings, as do the 2 V. champini rootstocks Ram-sey and Dogridge. Discussion While the various species are planted separately from one another (Fig. 1), if there were any reason to suspect differences in salinity across the field it would be related to the position of the drainage lines. Thus, for example, differences would be likely to be greater between rows 55 and 57 than between rows 57 and 58. The data reported are clear enough to suggest some revision of the order of ability to exclude chloride found by DOWNTON (1977 b). The relative order of V. berlandieri, V. champini and V. cinerea remains much the same, but the only clone of V. rupestris, Rupestris du Lot, examined by DOWNTON has proved not to be typical of the species. The present data suggest that V. rupestris is comparable with V. cinerea. lt may be significant that Rupestris du Lot shows signs of introgression from some other species, in greater vigour, lower frost re-sistance in winter buds and a more robust root system than is typical of V. rupestris. On the other hand it is clear that individuals capable of excluding chloride well are present in V. cinerea and perhaps also in V. rupestris so that breeding aimed at incm·-porating this character into fruiting cultivars need not be restricted to using V. berlan-dieri. To the rootstock cultivars found by DoWNTON {1977 b) tobe effective chloride ex-cluders can now be added the V. berlandieri x V. rupestris hybrids 110 Richter, 140 Ruggeri and 1103 Paulsen. Summary Seedlings of Vitis berlandieri accumulated relatively small amounts of chloride in their petioles. Seedlings of V. cinerea, V. rupestris and V. champini x V. rupestris accumulated on average 3-4 times as much chloride as V. berlandieri although some individuals were comparable with V. berlandieri. The V. berlandieri x V. rupestris rootstocks 99 and 110 Richter, 140 Ruggeri and 1103 Paulsen were all comparable with the V. berlandieri seedlings. Literature cited BERNSTEIN, L., EHLIG, C. F. and CLARK, R. A., 1969: Effect of grape rootstocks on chloride accumula-tion in leaves. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sei. 94, 584-590. DOWNTON, W. J. S., 1977 a: lnfluence of rootstocks on the accumulation of chloride, sodium and potassium in grapevines. Austral. J. Agricult. Res. 28, 879-889. - - , 1977 b: Chloride accumulation in different species of grapevine. Scientia Horticulturae 7, 249-253. GROOT ÜBBINK, J. and ALEXANDER, D. McE., 1973: Response of six grapevine cultivars to a range of chloride concentrations. Amer. J. Enol. Viticult. 24, 65--68. P ENMAN, F., TAYWR, J. K., HOOPER, P. D. and MARSHALL, T. J., 1939: A soil survey of the Merbein Irri-gation District, Victoria. Bull. Counc. Sei. Industr. Res. Austral. 123. SAUER, M. R., 1968: Effects of vine rootstocks on chloride concentrations in Sultana scions. Vitis 7, 223-226. 362 A. J. ANTcLIFF, H. P. NEWMAN and H. c. BARRETI SYKES, S . R., ANTCL!FF, A. J. and DOWNTON, W. J. S., 1983: Screening hybrid vines for salt excluding potential. Proc. 8th Austral. Plant Breeding Conf., Adelaide, 1983, 337-339. THOMAS, J. E., 1939: An investigation of the problems of salt accumulation on a mallee soil in the Murray Valley irrigation area. Bull. Counc. Sei. Industr. Res. Austral. 128. Eingegangen am 8. 7. 1983 A. J. ANTcLIFF H . P.NEWMAN CSIRO Divison of Horticultural Research Merbein, Victoria, 3505 Australia H. C. BARRETI U. S. Horticultural Research Laboratory CamdenRoad Orlando, Florida, 32803 USA 

Variation in chloride accumulation in some American species of grapevine

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Variation in chloride accumulation in some American species of grapevine

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