A unique national clonal selection programme is still being conducted on 24 indigenous table (15 white, 6 black, 3 red), 16 wine (7 white, 9 red) and 4 raisin (2 white seedless, 2 white seeded) grape cultivars in 9 agricultural regions of Turkey. As the results of this programme, 127 candidate clones belonging to 13 cultivars have been selected  This paper also includes a brief ampelographic description of the indigenous Turkish grape cultivars subjected to clonal selection, based mainly on fruit characteristics, growth, productivity and ripening periods in their primary locations

Agaoglu, Y. S.

Gökçay, E.

Çelik, H.

English

JKI Open Journal Systems (Julius Kühn-Institut)

532 Section 6 Brief ampelographic characterization of indlgenous grapevine cultivars subjected to clonal selection in Turkey Y. S. AG..-oGLu 1), H. t:;ELIK 1) and E. GöK~AY 2) 1) DepanmentofHorticulture, Faculryof Agriculrure, University of Ancara, 06110An.kara, Turkey 2) Viticulrural Research Institute, Manisa, Turkey S u m m a r y : A unique national clonal selection programme is still being conducted on 24 indigenous table (15 white, 6 black, 3 red), 16 wine (7 white, 9 red) and 4 raisin (2 white seedless, 2 white seeded) grape cultivars in 9 agriculrural regions ofTurkey. As the results oftbis programme, 127 candidate clones belonging to 13 cultivars have been selected. This paper also includes a brief ampelographic description of the indigenous Turkish grape cultivars subjected to clonal selection, based rnainly on fruit characteristics, growth.. productiv:ity and ripening periods in their prirnary locations. K e y wo r d s: selection, clone, variecy of v:ine, table grape, wine grape, raisin, Turkey, ampelography, fruit, growth, yield, rnaruration. lnttoduction Viticulture is still one of the most imponant honicultural emerprises in Turkey with 590,000 ha ofarea and 3,500,000 t ofproduction in 1988. in spite ofa serious phylloxera invasion, especially in cemral and south·east regioris. Today, 42 table (33 indigenous, 9 introduced), 32 wine (20 indigenous, 12 introduced) and 4 raisin (2 seedless, 2 seeded- all indigenous) standard grape cultivars are being grown in different localities ofTurkey. Studies on the clonal selection of grape cultivars to select virus-free superior clones with vigorous growth, higl:) yield and qualiry, resistance to low temperatures and cenain fungal diseases (dov.'fly and powdery mildew, grey mold and dead-arm) were staned in 1964. In 1979, anational clonal selection programme with a three-step (mass selection. clone collection (A), and clone comparison (B)) standardized method (AGAOGLt: 1981) were prepared and form er studies have been adapted to this method (A:-.;o:-.•~ot:s 1979). Materialsand methods The national clonal selection programmeisstill being carried out on 59 grapevine cultivars (44 indigenous, 5 introduced). All indigenous cultivars with the exception iflsikli, Bilecik Irikarasi and Osmancik are standard-selected varieties. In the presem paper, brief ampelographic characters of Turkey·s indigenous grape varieties subjected to clonal selection were described using the methods of GALET (MoRTON 1979) and IBPGR (ANoxYMot:s 1983). In addition to these descriptions, some definitive information on type and region ofthe cultivars and stage ofselection were also presemed. Results and discussion As a result ofthe clonal selection programme on 24 table, 16 wine and 4 raisin cultivars grown in central·nonh (4), Aegean (11), Mannara-Ihrace (11), Mediterranean (2), nonh-east (1), south· east (7), central·east (4) and central-south (4) agricultural regions ofTurkey, 127 candidate clones Clonal selection 533 Table 1: Clonal selection programme conducted on indigenous grape cultivars in Turkey Cultivar Type Region Stage of selection Amasya l:leyan WT Marmara Clone collection(A) Beyaz l;avu§ WT Marmara Clone comparison (B) Bozcaada l;avulilu WT Aegean Clone collection(A) DJ.m19kl WT Southeast Mass selection Erenkfiy beyan WT Marmara Clone comparison(B) HafJ.Zali WT Marmara Clone comparison(B) Haf1zali WT Thrace Clone comparison(B) l§lkll WT l"e::l.ternrean Clone collection(A) ipek WT Aegean Mass selection Kozak beyan WT Aegean Clone collection(A) Mtliiiküle WT Marmara Clone comparison(B) Osmanc1k WT Aegean Mass selection Parmak WT Centralsouth Mass selection Razakl WT Marmara Clone comparison(B) Razak1 WT Aegean Clone collection(A) Tahannebi WT Southeast Mass selection Tarsus beyazl WT l"e::l.ternrean Clone collection(A) Bilecik irikaras1 BT Marmara Clone collection(A) Degirmendere siyah1 BT Marmara Clone comparison(B) Gtll üztlmtl RT Centralnorth Mass selection Hönüstl RT Southeast Mass selection Karaerik BT Northeast Hass selection Karagevrek BT Centralnorth Mass selection Kozak siyah1 Bf Aegean Clone collection(A) Pembe Gemre RT Aegesn Mass selection Siyah Gemre BT Centralsouth Clone collection(A) Beylerce ww Marmara Clone comparison(B) Oökülgen ww Southeast Mass selection Emir ww Centralsouth Msss selection Hasandede ww Centralnorth Mass selection Narince ww Centraleast Mass selection Sungurlu ww Centraleast Mass selection Vap1ncak ww Thrace Clone comparison(B) Ada karaal RW Marmara Clone collection(A) Bogazkere RW Centraleast Clone collection(A) l;al karssl. RW Aegean Clone collection(A) Dirmit RW Centralsouth Mass selection Horoz karaal RW Southeast Mass selection Kalecik karas1 RW Centralnorth Clone comparison(B) KarasaklZ RW Aegean Clone collection(A) Öküzgöztl RW Centraleast Clone collection(A) Papaz karaal RW Thrace Clone comparison(B) Vuvarlak l;ekirdeksiz WR Aegean Clone comparison(B) (Round Seedless) Sultani Cekirdeksiz WR Aegean Clone collection \A) Besni WR Southeast Mass selection Rumi WR Southeast Mass selection Symbols: WT: White Table, BT: Black Table, RT: Red Table. WW: White Wine, RW: Red Wine, WR: White Raisin. Candidate clones 10 10 10 5 15 15 5 B 10 5 23 5 6 betonging to 13 cultivars (8 table, 4 Vl'ine cultivars. 1 raisin cultivar) have been selected as shown in Table 1. After the investigations of AmwGw and <;a1.:: (1985), 54 new candidate clones of Haflzali (5), Müsküle (5), Razaki (5), Bilecik lrikarasi (5), Kalecik kara.'ii (23), Papaz kara.'ii (5) and Yuvarlak ~ekirdeksiz (6) grapevine cultivars were se!ected. The stages of clonal selection studies on indigenous Turkish grapevine cultivars are also presented in Table 1. ..,. ..... .4 Table 2: Brief ampelographic characterization of indigenous table and raisin grape rultivars !lunch Berry Grauth anti Yieltl i:ulttvar Shape Size Densi~ snaee Siza Color Seetl Gra.lth-Hab1 t Vield Maturity: TAilLE Amasya beyan conical li!rge locse round large green-yellow 1-2 very streng high medium Bilecik trileerem sheul-a:rdJ::al. large lease long obevata very large bleck ,_" streng high very late 8eyaz Cavu~(F"F)• ~ large lease elliptic large green-ye llow 1-2 etrcng-erect high early-medium 8ozcaa:l!l ~) ~ !arge locs1,. rcund brge green-yallew 1-3 streng high early-med1um ~SiyB'll. lta.Jl-<.m1Cal medium msdi elliptic medium blue-t>lack 2-3 very streng high very la"te D1m1~k1 lta.Jl-<.m1Cal medium lcoee long elliptic large green-yellow 2-3 streng high medium E..-si<lly Eeo,1!zJ. ~ cyiJ.n::ri-medium medium round medium c yellow 2-3 strong-erect high late Gül üzümli cylindrical medium dense ahort ell.1pt1c medium rose 2 medium-arect lcw medium Hafual1 lta.Jl-<.m1Cal large lease lang elliptic large green-yellow 2 very streng high medium-late H!!nüs!l(ff) lta.Jl-pramld1al large loosa obovate large red.-violet 1-2 streng medium late r,1kh cyl1nd=ical large lease elliptic large green-yellcw 2 strong meilium medium-late tpak w1rr;a:i a:rdJ::al. large medium elliptic large yellow 2-3 strong high medium-late C/') .,. Karaerik lta.Jl-a:rucaJ. large medium round large blue-tllac:k 2-3 medium high medium !l Karegevrek(F'r) lta.Jl-<:rr.i.cel. la:ge dans: elliptic medium black 3-4 streng high medium ö' Kozak beyan lta.Jl-<:rr.i.cel. meaium locse elliptic large green-yellaw 2-3 atrong-erect high medium-late ::: Kozak siyahl lta.Jl-<::ylird1r. large lcosa round medium red-viclet 2-3 mecium-hcrizontal meaium meoium-late 0\ Mü~küle lta.Jl-<.m1Cal large lease short ell.1pt1c large llght-yellcw 2-3 strang-erect high lata Osmanclk: conir:ai luge loo!e rounc:t large green-yellcw 2 streng medium late Parmak lta.Jl-=Ucal medium lease lang alliptic large green-yallow 2-3 streng-horizontal high medium Pemoe Gemre w1rr;a:i a:rdJ::al. large lease rcund large red-yellow 2-3 streng me~ium lata Razakl lta.Jl-<.m1Cal large lease lang elliptic large green-yellow 2-3 streng hign medium Siyah Gamre lta.Jl-<.m1Cal medium lccse ovate large violet 2-3 meoium me:':lium late Tanannebi (fi'J ~ medium medium ovete large Ugnt-yellow 1-2 streng mee::ium early Tarsus beyau ~ medium medium round medium Hght-yellow 2-3 medium-erec:t medium very earlv !!ß!2!!! Vuvarlak ~ekirdeksiz ~ medium medium rcund small yellow streng very high medium 5ultani l;.ekirdeksiz ~ large medium elliptic small yellcw very streng verv high medium Sesni lta.Jl-<.m1Cal largl! lease lcng elliptic brge yellaw 2-3 streng hign medium Rumi ~ meoium dense lang elliptic medium yellow 3-t. streng high medium • runctionally female Table 3: Brief ampelographic characterization of indigenous wine cult:ivars Bunch Berry Grnwth and Yield Cultivar Shspe Size Dens1ty Shspe Size Calor Seed Growth-Habl t Yield lletu:rity Adskarasu winged medium d.ense oveta smell blue-blacl< 2-3 medium medium medium eeylerce conlcal medi""' dense: elliptie small light green 2-3 medium medium medium eooazkere wing2d medium denae round medium blue-black 2-3 streng medium late Cal karas1 ehouldered smell dense elliptic small blecl< 2-3 streng h!gh medium (') ö Dirmit winged medium dense rcund medium red-violet 1-2 streng high medium ::I OHkQlgen wingea-conlcal medium denae round large green-ye llow 2-3 streng high medium-lote ~ "' Emir winged-conical medium dense raund medium green-yellow 2-3 streng high medium-lote ~ rr Hasl!llnctede conieal lerge medium round medium gresn-yellow 2-3 strong-!re~t high medium !::: ö. Horoz kara~u. shoul-conlcal medium locae lang ell1pt1c largo blacl< 2-3 mediwm medium early.....,dium ::I Kalecik karaal. winged-conical medium dln.ae round medium blue-black 1-2 strcng-ersct medium medium Kerasakl.l winged-conical large densa round medium red 2-3 medium-i!rect high medium Narince '.dingad-conical medium dlnse ellipt1c medium gr~!n-vellaw 2-3 strong h!.llth medium ~Uzgazü wing'E!d-conical larr;;e dense round large blue-black 2-3 strong-hotiz.ental high late Pa:p:az ketas1 canical medium densa round small red-violet 2-3 strong vary high very late Sungurlu conicel medium loose round medium green 2-3 st~cng high medium Vap1ncak winged-coni<:al medium anae round medium green-yellow 2-3 s:trcng-~rect very high medium 536 Section 6 Table 4: Rational presentation of ampelographic characters ofindigenous grapevine culti'llllrs subjected to clonal selection in Turkey r.: u c: ::J CIJ ... ... Shape Size Density Shape Size ci!l Color Seed Growth "' ,.." Ql ~ Yield "' c "' r.: ..., 3 ~ Maturity Conical T R ~ 100.0 Large 62.5 18.8 50.0 Dense 8.3 81.3 25.0 Ra und 33.3 68.8 25.0 Large or Very Large 66.7 18.8 25.0 Green or Yellow(White) 62.5 43.8 100.0 Seedless T W R T 50.0 33.3 Ver'!. Stron2 T w R 12.5 25.0 Very hi)lh 12.5 50.0 Early or Early Medium 16.7 6.3 T R 16.7 Medium 37.5 75.0 50.0 6.3 Medium Lease --25.0 6.3 50.0 66.7 12.5 50.0 ___ .-...:E:.::l.::.l;:;iP~ Ovate or Obovate 50.0 25.0 75.0 16.7 6.3 Medium Small 25.0 56.3 25.0 25.0 50.0 Blue or Black Rose-Red-Violet 16.7 37.5 20.8 18.8 1-2 3-4 W _R __ T_ _W __ R __ T_ .J!L. _R_ 12.5 54.2 87.5 25.0 4.2 - 25.0 Stron2 Medium T w R T w R 66.7 75.0 75.0 16.7 25.0 Medium 62.5 56.3 50.0 33.3 il1.3 Medium or Medium Late Late or very Late 50.0 75.0 100.0 33.3 18.8 While the studies are progressing weil in Marmara-Thrace and Aegean regions and satisfactorily in south·east and Mediterranean regions, serious retardation problems. especially in central regions, have tobe overcome. Brief ampelographic characters of indigenous grape\ine cultivars subject to clonal selection are presented in Tables 2 and 3. Rational(%) presentation ofthe ampelographic character can also be seen in Table 4. Clonal selection 537 Turkish table grape varieties generally have !arge, conical and Ioose bunches; round orelliptic and !arge berries with 2-3 seeds; strong grov:th. high )~eld. and medium or late maturity. Ourworld· famous seedless varieties can be characterized by their winged-conical, medium or !arge bunches with medium density, round (Yuvarlak <;ekirdeksiz) or elliptic (Sultani <;ekirdeksiz), small, yellow berries, strong to very streng growth, and very high )~eld. Indigenous v.~ne grape varieties subject to clonal selection generally have v.inged or winged-conical, medium-size and dense bunches; round, medium to small berries with 2-3 seeds; strong growth, high yield, and medium time maturity. Kalecik karasi (RW) and Narince (WW) are the superiorwine cultivars. References AGAOGLt:, Y. S.; 1981: Studies on the vine clonal selection in Turkey. 3rd Intern. Symp. Clonal Selection in Vines, 8-12 June 1981, Conegliano ( ltaly), 121-125. - -- ; C:ELIK, H.; 1985: Conservation of gerrnplasm of Viris villifera L. in Turkey. 4th lntem Symp. Grapevine Breeding, 13-18 Apri11985, Verona (ltaly), 40-42. AsONYMous; 1979: National Pro.iect on Viticultural Researches. Application Pro.iect on Vine Clonal Selection [Turk.]. Ankara. Aso:>~YMOt:s; 1983: Descriptors forGrape.lnternational Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPCR), Rome. MORTON, L. T.; 1979: A Practical Ampelography. Grapevine ldentification. (Translated and adapted from P. GALET.) Comell University Press,lthaca (USA). 

Brief ampelographic characterization of indigenous grapevine cultivars subjected to clonal selection in Turkey

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Brief ampelographic characterization of indigenous grapevine cultivars subjected to clonal selection in Turkey

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