In Muscat Bailey A, the increases of organic acids due to cAMP prebloom application 3 weeks before final harvest were accompanied by increases of glucose and fructose, though these increments compared with control diminished toward full maturity.
Der Einfluß von cyclischem Adenosin-3' ,5' -monophosphat auf die Zusammensetzung des Beerensaftes bei Muscat Bailey A
Wurden die Infloreszenzen der Rebsorte Muscat Bailey A (Vitis labrusca L. x V. vinifera L.) vor der Blüte mit cAMP behandelt, so war 3 Wochen vor der vollen Reife ein Anstieg des Säuregehaltes und ebenso der Glucose- und Fructosekonzentration zu verzeichnen; gegen Ende der Reifephase waren die Unterschiede im Glucose- und Fructosegehalt behandelter und unbehandelter Beeren allerdings ziemlich verwischt

Hori, Y.

Ishiyama, J.

Motomura, Y.

English

JKI Open Journal Systems (Julius Kühn-Institut)

Vitis 21, 101-104 (1982) Kikkoman Central Research Laboratories, Noda-Shi - Department of Agronomy, Tohoku University, Sendai-Shi, Japan Effects of cAMP on the composition of berry juice in Muscat Bailey A by J. ISHIYAMA, Y. MOTOMURAand Y. HORI Der Einfluß von cyclischem Adenosin-3' ,5' -monophosphat auf die Zusammensetzung des Beerensaftes bei Muscat Bailey A Z u s a m m e n f a s s u n g . - Wurden die Infloreszenzen der Rebsorte Muscat Bailey A (Vitis Jabrusca L. x V. vinifern L.) vor der Blüte mit cAMP behandelt, so war 3 Wochen vor der vol-len Reife ein Anstieg des Säuregehaltes und ebenso der Glucose- und Fructosekonzentration zu verzeichnen; gegen Ende der Reifephase waren die Unterschiede im Glucose- und Fructosegehalt behandelter und unbehandelter Beeren allerdings ziemlich verwischt. In a previous paper (MOTOMURA et al. 1979), we reported that, in Delaware grape-vine, the prebloom application of adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) to the inflo-rescences enhanced appreciably the titratable acid value as well as the organic acid content in the matured berries. In Muscat Bailey A, we could also recognize a similar effect. In order to obtain more detailed understanding of such an increase, we exam-ined the effects of various concentrations of cAMP, applied to inflorescences in pre-bloom, on the composition of grape juice at different stages of maturity. 1.0 0.8 0.6 Of. „ . u c 2l ~ 02 ~ -<i . ~--„· 440 480 520 560 600 640 Wavelength( nm) Absorption curves of cleared juices of Muscat Bailey A. The clusters were given a prebloom applica-tion of cAMP at 250 µg/ml and sampled on Aug. 26,3 weeks before harvest time in 1978. Juices were diluted twice with water before measurements. - - - - = control, -- = cAMP application. Absorptionskurven des geklärten Beerensaftes der Sorte Muscat Bailey A. Die Infloreszenzen wur-den vor der Anthese in 250 µg cAMP/ml getaucht und die Trauben am 26. Aug. 1978, 3 Wochen vor der Lese, geerntet. Der Beerensaft wurde vor der Messung zweifach verdünnt. - - - - = Kontrolle, -- = cAMP-Behandlung. 102 J. ISHIYAMA, Y. MOTOMURA und Y. HoRI Experiments were carried out over three seasons from 1977 to 1979 using two vines of Muscat Bailey A (Vitis labrusca L. x V. vinifera L.) growing in the vineyard of the Saitama Horticultural Experiment Station in Kuki-shi. In the first year of experiments the vines were 10 years old. Inflorescences were thinned out except one per shoot before cAMP application. All other experimental methods were similar to those de-scribed in the previous paper, except for procedures specially indicated in tables or figure. In Muscat Bailey A, as well as previously reported in Delaware, the increase in the titratable acid values of berries following 500 µg/ml of cAMP application to prebloom inflorescences was established with statistical significance over the seasons from 1977 to 1979, though these data are not shown here because of their close resemblance to those of Delaware. This was true only for treatment before, but not after full bloom. There was found no consistent trend in the reducing sugar values. Tables 1 and 2 show the results of the 1978 experiment in which different concen-trations of cAMP were used and fruit clusters were sampled at different stages of maturity in order to clarify whether or not the increase in the content of organic acids of berries resulted from a delay of maturation caused by cAMP application. Table 1 Effects of prebloom cAMP application at different concentrations on pH, contents of titratable acid, soluble solids and reducing sugars and absorbance at 520 nm (10 mm) due to anthocyanine pig-ments of berries at different maturity (1978) Einfluß der Behandlung mit unterschiedlichen cAMP-Konzentrationen vor der Blüte auf pH, titrierbare Säure, Mastgewicht, reduzierende Zucker und Anthocyane (Extinktion bei 520 nm, 10 mm) im Verlaufe der Beerenreife (1978) Sampling cAMP pH Acidity Soluble Reducing Absorbance date applied solids sugar (µg/ml) (ml) (oB) (%) (Es2onm) Aug.26 0 3.05 2.88 16.03 15.25 1.736 250 2.90 *(-) 3.13 ** 15.30 **(-) 14.16 *(-) 1.027 **(-) 500 3.00 NS 2.98 * 15.80 NS 14.81 NS 1.427 *(-) 1000 3.15 NS 2.75 NS 16.30 ** 15.62 NS 2.305 NS Sept.1 0 3.30 2.16 17.40 16.78 2.062 250 3.15 *(-) 2.35 ** 17.30 NS 16.50 NS 1.527 **(-) 500 3.15 NS 2.25 * 17.60 NS 16.94 NS 1.942 NS 1000 3.25 NS 2.05 NS 17.50 NS 16.86 NS 1.732 NS Sept.8 0 3.55 1.75 17.40 17.99 1.890 250 3.65 NS 1.90 ** 18.00 * 18.30 NS 1.570 *(-) 500 3.60 NS 1.85 * 18.30 ** 18.32 NS 1.764 NS 1000 3.60 NS 1.83.NS 18.30 ** 18.33 NS 2.045 NS Sept.16 0 3.50 1.55 19.40 18.45 2.250 250 3.45 NS 1.65 * 19.30 NS 18.60 NS . 1.668 **(-) 500 3.50 NS 1.63 * 19.90 NS 18.64 NS 1.828 NS 1 000 3.55 NS 1.58 NS 19.90 NS 18.45 NS 1.954 NS **,*, NS = Means differ significantly at P = 0.01, P = 0.05, or not significantly, respectively. (-) = Means differ negatively as compared with control. Effects of cAMP on the composition of berry juice 103 Table 2 Effects of prebloom cAMP application at different concentrations on the contents of tartaric and malic acid, glucose and fructose of berries during maturity {1978) Einfluß der Behandlung mit unterschiedlichen cAMP-Konzentrationen vor der Blüte auf den Gehalt an Wein- und Äpfelsäure sowie Glucose und Fructose im Verlaufe der Beerenreife {1978) Sampling date 'Aug. 26 Sept. 1 Sept. 8 Sept. 16 cAMP ,applied (µg/ml) 0 250 500 1 000 0 250 500 1 000 0 250 500 1000 0 250 500 1 000 Tartaric acid (g/1) 5.54 5.93 ** 5.78 * 5.64 NS 5.15 5.70 ** 5.58 ** 5.39 * 4.64 5.12 ** 5.08 ** 4.96 * 4.40 4.78 * 4.74 * 4.56 NS Malic Glucose') Fructose•) acid (g/l) (g/l) (g/1) 6.81 64.24 60.60 7.81 ** 72.11 ** 65.45 * 7.47 ** 76.77 ** 70.94 ** 7.10 * 75.05 ** 75.85 ** 5.63 83.67 74.82 6.86 ** 89.78 * 79.83 * 6.56 ** 89.96 * 81.28 ** 5.73 NS 97.16 ** 81.64 ** 4.64 96.84 89.04 5.11 ** 98.29 * 90.50 NS 5.08 ** 99.89 ** 92.11 * 4.68 NS 100.53 ** 93.57 ** 4.12 94.75 93.57 4.39 * 100.69 ** 94.05 4.32 * 100.15 ** 95.02 NS 4.10 NS 102.14 ** 96.11 * 1) Glucose and fructose were determined by enzymic methods (F-kit Glucose/Fructose'; Boehringer, Mannheim, W. Germany) using hexokinase, glucose-6-phophate dehydrogenase and phosphoglu-cose isomerase. ••, •, NS = Means differ significantly at P = 0.01, P = 0.05, or not significantly, respectively. The organic acid contents at 250 or 500 µg/ml of cAMP showed statistically signifi-cant increase of means at every sampling date in comparison with the control, being largest at 250 µg/ml of cAMP and diminishing towards 1000 µg/ml (Table 1). At first sampling (Aug. 26), 3 weeks before final harvest, soluble solid content and reducing sugar were lowered by prebloom application of 250 or 500 µg/ml of cAMP (Table 1), but the contents of glucose and fructose of berries were higher with each concentration of cAMP than in the control, and, in addition, increased with increasing cAMP concentra-tion (Table 2). The difference between sugar contents of treated and of non-treated ber-ries diminished with maturity and finally could hardly be detected. The discrepancies between the behaviour of soluble solid content and reducing sugars and the tendencies of glucose and fmctose contents could not clearly be understood. The ratio of tartaric to malic acid increased with maturity and was little affected by concentration of cAMP, whereas the glucose to fructose ratio varied little with both maturity and cAMP con-centration. The effects of cAMP on amino acids were similar to those described in Delaware (MOTOMURA et al. 1979), except that postbloom application did not reduce the content of tyrosine. The maximum absorbance of berry juice was found at 520 nm (Fig.), regardless of cAMP concentration and maturity, and absorbance at 520 nm decreased significantly 104 J. ISHIYAMA, Y. MOTOMURAund Y. HoRI with the prebloom application of lower concentrations of cAMP, while the values at 1000 µg/ml sometimes were higher than in control, though there were no significant differences (Table 1). Consequently, it seems that the higher acid content following prebloom cAMP application was not necessarily due to the delay of maturity, and the change in acid and sugar contents with maturity might be controlled by different mechanism as far as the above observaticin are concerned. Summary In Muscat Bailey A, the increases of organic acids due to cAMP prebloom applica-tion 3 weeks before final harvest were accompanied by increases of glucose and fruc-tose, though these increments compared with control diminished toward full maturity. The authors express their gratitude to Saitama Horticultural Experiment Station for kindly providing plant materials, to Dr. M. Mom, Dr. N. !GucHI and Dr. F. YosHIDA for their encourage-ments, to Dr. S . SUGIYAMA and Dr. M. KAro for helpful advices, and to Dr. Y. ÜZAWA for his aid in carboxylic acid measurements. Literature MOTOMURA, Y., HoRI, Y. and lsHIYAMA, J„ 1979: Increase of the acid contents in grape berries by treat-ment with cAMP. Vitis 18, 301-306. Eingegangen am 12.1. 1982 J. ISHIYAMA Central Research Laboratories Kikkoman Corp. 399 Noda-Shi Japan Y . MOTOMURA Y.HORI Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Tohoku University Sendai Japan 

Effects of cAMP on the composition of berry juice in Muscat Bailey A

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Effects of cAMP on the composition of berry juice in Muscat Bailey A

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