Botti, Claudia

Garay, L.

Reginato, G.

English

JKI Open Journal Systems (Julius Kühn-Institut)

Vitis 32, 125-126 (1993) Research Note The influence of culture dates, genotype and size and type of shoot apices on in vit.J·o shoot proliferation of Vitis viniferacvs Thompson Seedless, Ribier and Black Seedless CLAUDIA BOITI, L. GARAY and G. REGINATO K e y  w o r d s :  Vitis vinifera, tissue culture, micropropagation, genotype effect, culture date effect. The genotype is one of the most crucial factors in the in vitro proliferation re­sponse and has been distinctly shown in some �"t.tsspecies (RAJASEKARAN and MULLINS 1981; CHEE and PooL 1983). The physiological condition of the donor plant has also shown a marked influence on shoot proliferation rates for several species. However, in grapevines, only CHEE and PooL (1985) mention this fact and FANIZZA et al. (1984) found no seasonal differences when culturing grapevines apices in vitro. With respect to the explant position in the plant (axillary vs. apical buds), the results are contra­dicting (YU and MEREDITH 1986; NOVAK and JUVOVA 1983; HWANG and KIM 1990; SUDARSONO and GOLDY 1991) probably due to its relation with the phenol content existing in the tissue (FANIZZA et al. 1984). The explant's size and physiological age are important factors in meristem selections for success in its survival and prolifera­tion. However, no previous references were found in the literature concerning these aspects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the time (date) of cul­ture as well as size and type of apex (apical or axillary) on the proliferation rate of shoots in three commercially important grapevine cultivars. Materials and methods: Apices from apical and axillary buds (0.5 and 1.5 mm) of the cvs Ribier, Thompson Seedless and Black Seedless were cultured. The following media and concentrations of growth regulators were used: a) Initiation phase: MS 3/4 plus BAP 2.0 mg/1; b) Proliferation phase: MS plus BAP 2.0 mg/1; c) Elongation phase: MS plus BAP 0.5 mg/1 plus GA 0.4 mg/1; d) Rooting phase: MS 3/4 plus IBA 0.5 mg/1. The culture was carried out in 6 different dates, every 15 d, starting on Sep. 27. The trial had a factorial design totalizing 72 treatments with 10 replications each. The cultures were kept at 26 ± 2 °C, under 16 h of light with an intensity of 30 J..LE m-2s-1 PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) and were transferred to a fresh medium every 25 d. Shoots formed after each sub-culture were counted and the results were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan test. For a commercial purpose, a potential amount of shoot/explant was calculated for each genotpype after a one-year period of culture considering the best culture date. Results and discussion: Due to the significant interaction found between geno­type and culture date, the results were analyzed for each date and each genotype separately. Thompson Seedless is the cultivar with the highest potential value, 2,808,990 shoots/explant/year, considering .the average number of shoots (AVS) obtained in the 4th date of culture after 3 sub-cultures (19.49) and a proliferation rate (PR) of 3.28. In the Ribier cv., considering its 3rd culture date (AVS = 10.44 and PR= 2.19), it could be possible to obtain 26,494 shoots/explant/year. For Black Seedless, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 1004, Santiago, Chile. 126 CLAUDIA BOTTI, L. GARAY and G. REGINATO considering its 5th culture date (AVS = 5.05 and PR= 1.73), only 1,213 shoots/ explant/year could be obtained. An additional culture carried out with Black Seed­less in early February showed a 70% survival and its PR reached 2.40 shoot/explant after the 1st sub-culture exceeding all 6 previous culture dates. Thus this cultivar could significantly increase its proliferation by being cultured in summer. 25 20 15 10 5 Shoots -Black 8. D Ribier � Thompeon S. 0�-.---L-,,--L--,--L--,-�----��--__/ Sep 27 Oct 12 Oct 27 Nov 12 Nov 27 Dec 12 Culture dates Figw·e: Mean number of shoots formed by Viti.s vinffera apexes, cvs Black Seedless, Ribier and Thompson Seedless, after 3 sub-cultures and considering 6 culture dates. * No results, due to loss of shoots by contamination. Capital letters show significant differences between cultivars for the same date of cultw·e (p < 0.05). Small letters show significant differences between cultw-e dates for each cultivar (p < 0.05). CHEE, R.; PooL, R. M.; 1983: In vitro vegetative propagation of Vitis. Application of previously defined cultme conditions to a selection of genotypes. Vitis 22, 363-374. - -;- -; 1985: In vitro propagation of Vitis. The effects of organic substances on shoot multi­plication. Vitis 24, 106-118. FANJZZA, G.; TANZARELLA, 0. A.; CARROZZO, G.; GRECO, A.; 1984: Influence of Vibssow·ce on in VJ/JV shoot apex cultme. Ann. Appl. Bioi. 104, 577-578. HwANG, J. H.; KIM, S. K.; 1990: The effects of plant growth regulators on in vitro growth of differ­entially chilled grape shoots. J. Korean Soc. Hort. Sci. 31, 142-149. NovAK, F. J.; JuvovA, Z.; 1983: Clonal propagation of grapevine through in v;bv axillary bud cul­tw·e. Sci. Hort. 18, 231-240. RAJASEKARAN, K.; MULLINS, M. G.; 1981: Organogenesis in internode explants of grapevines. Vitis 20, 218-227. SunARSONo; GOLDY, R. G.; 1991: Growth regulator and axillary bud position effects on in v;bv establishment of Vibs;vtundi/olia. HortScience 26, 304-307. Yu, D. H.; MEREDITH, C. P.; 1986: The influence of explant origin on tissue browning and shoot production in shoot tip cultw-es of grapevine. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 111, 972-975. 

The influence of culture dates, genotype and size and type of shoot apices on in vitro shoot proliferation of Vitis vinifera cvs Thompson Seedless, Ribier and Black Seedless

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The influence of culture dates, genotype and size and type of shoot apices on in vitro shoot proliferation of Vitis vinifera cvs Thompson Seedless, Ribier and Black Seedless

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