Abass, Adebayo

Gaspar, Audifas

Kabula, Esther

Mutungi, Christopher

English

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Quality and mycotoxin contamination of maize stored in air-tight containers in rural farm stores: data from two semi-arid zones in Kenya and Tanzania

JKI Open Journal Systems (Julius Kühn-Institut)

12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) in Berlin, Germany, October 7-11, 2018 Julius-Kühn-Archiv 463 931 QUEZADA, M.Y., MORENO, J., VÁZQUEZ, M.E., MENDOZA, M., MÉNDEZ–ALBORES, A., MORENO–MARTÍNEZ, E., 2006. Hermetic storage system preventing the proliferation of Prostephanus truncatus Horn and storage fungi in maize with different moisture contents. Postharvest Biology and Technology 39, 321–326. YAKUBU, A., BERN, C.J., COATS, J.R., BAILEY, T.B., 2011. Hermetic on–farm storage for maize weevil control in East Africa. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6(14), 3311–3319.  Quality and mycotoxin contamination of maize stored in air-tight containers in rural farm stores: data from two semi-arid zones in Kenya and Tanzania Christopher Mutungi*; Audifas Gaspar; Kabula Esther; Abass Adebayo International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) *Corresponding author: c.mutungi@cgiar.org) DOI 10.5073/jka.2018.463.198 Abstract Hermetic containers have been promoted in recent years for chemical-free grain storage among smallholder farmers. In the context of grain quality, the influence of maize storage and pre-storage practices (harvesting time, dehusking, drying, and shelling method) on performance of air-tight bags was investigated in the semi-arid regions of south eastern Kenya and northern Tanzania. Completely randomised trials were conducted in farmer-own stores; shelled maize was filled in air-tight bags or woven polypropylene (PP) bags and stored for 30-35 weeks. Insect damage, physical grain quality, mould infection were evaluated at 6-7 weeks intervals, and mycotoxin contamination was examined at onset, mid, and end of storage. Maize stored in hermetic bags was generally free from insect infestation, while PP bags permitted profuse build-up of insect populations causing grain damage of up to 82%. Total aflatoxin contamination of maize stored at moisture content below 14% increased significantly in the PP bags (5 - 8 folds) but not in the air-tight ones. Harvesting, drying and shelling practices significantly influenced the quality of maize stored in hermetic bags, resulting in sorting losses of 6-23 kg/100 kg after 6-8 months of storage. Since sorting is an important operation for improvement of food value and market quality, such losses would significantly lower the benefits of air-tight storage. Pre-storage practices of sorting, cleaning and moisture verification by farmers have impact on overall performance of air-tight storage. On-Farm Maize Insect Pest and Mycotoxin Levels in Ghana James K. Danso1, Naomi Manu1, Enoch A. Osekre1*, George P. Opit2, Paul R. Armstrong3, Frank H. Arthur3, James F. Campbell3, George N. Mbata4, Samuel G. McNeill5 1Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana 2Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA 3USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA 4Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA 31930, USA 5University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY, USA *Corresponding author: E. A. Osekre (osek652001@yahoo.co.uk) DOI 10.5073/jka.2018.463.199 Abstract Maize post-harvest losses are perennial in Ghana but reliable comparative information on on-farm losses of maize produced in the Middle and Northern Belts of Ghana is lacking. Two studies were conducted from September 2015 to February 2016 to identify factors contributing to on-farm losses of maize in these two Belts. In the Northern Belt, the study was conducted in six communities including Adubiyili, Diari, Pong-Tamale, Savelugu, Toroyili and Zamnayili; and in the Middle Belt, in Ejura, Sekyedumase and Amantin communities. Moisture content, percent weight loss, percent insect damaged kernels (IDK) on numerical basis (%IDKnb) and percent IDK by weight basis (%IDKwb), insect pest abundance, and mycotoxin levels were estimated. Moisture content values of maize at pre-harvest and heaping stages in all nine communities were below 15%. Sitophilus zeamais, Sitotroga cerealella, Cathartus quadricollis, and Carpophilus dimidiatus were found to attack maize on-farm in communities in the Middle Belt, but no adult insect pests were collected on pre-harvested maize in the Northern Belt. The %IDKnb values on-farm in all nine communities were < 2% per 250 g. Mean aflatoxin levels below 15 ppb were obtained from pre-harvested maize in both regions but levels above 15 ppb were obtained from heaped maize on-farm. Fumonisin levels of maize were below 4 ppm on pre-harvested and in heaped maize in both regions. Results show that heaping maize on-farm increases aflatoxin levels beyond the acceptable threshold level and should not be practiced.  

Quality and mycotoxin contamination of maize stored in air-tight containers in rural farm stores: data from two semi-arid zones in Kenya and Tanzania: Presentation

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Quality and mycotoxin contamination of maize stored in air-tight containers in rural farm stores: data from two semi-arid zones in Kenya and Tanzania: Presentation

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