Prevalence and clinical correlates of extended mechanical support in patients undergoing high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention in current clinical practice: Insights from the cVAD registry

Abstract

BACKGROUND: High-risk percutaneous coronary interventions (HR-PCI) are prone to hemodynamic instability, resulting in poor outcomes. Acute mechanical circulatory support (AMCS) devices are used during HR-PCI to improve outcomes. However, the clinical criteria for extended AMCS have not been well characterized. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and clinical correlates of extended AMCS in patients undergoing elective or urgent HR-PCI. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 507 patients enrolled in the catheter-based ventricular assist device (cVAD) registry who underwent elective or urgent HR-PCI with prophylactic use of Impella. The study population was divided into two groups: Impella support removed immediately after PCI (Group A, n = 464) and extended support after PCI (Group B, n = 43). Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of extended AMCS. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction in 26.3% in Group A vs 41.8% in Group B (p = 0.03). PCI of left main was common in Group A (p = 0.02), whereas the right coronary artery was common in Group B (p \u3c 0.001). The mean duration of Impella support 1.1 ± 0.6 h in Group A vs 11.4 ± 16.8 h in Group B (p \u3c 0.001). Death and vascular complications were higher with extended Impella support. Revascularization of chronic total occlusion (CTO) was an independent predictor of extended Impella support (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.20-8.53). CONCLUSIONS: About 9% of patients enrolled in the cVAD registry undergoing elective or urgent HR-PCI received extended Impella support. In-hospital mortality was about 12% in patients requiring extended Impella support. CTO was associated with a higher likelihood of extended AMCS. The hemodynamic benefits of extended AMCS support must be weighed in terms of risk of complications