Evaluation and comparison of frictional resistance between conventional brackets and self ligating brackets designs using standardized arch wires and dental typodonts: An Invitro study

Abstract

The study was evaluated and comparison of the frictional resistance of 2 types of conventional and 2 types of self ligating bracket design with three A NiTi wires of varied dimension using dental typodont depicting varying degree of malalignment was done. The result of the study showed that out of all the brackets tested the Gemini Roth bracket showed increased resistance owing to elastomeric ligation and Damon 2 brackets exhibited the lowest friction. The lowest friction exhibited by Damon 2 brackets was mainly due to its passive design. However when both Damon 2 and Time 2 brackets were compared with smaller dimension 0.014 inch wires, it was found that there was no significant difference found between the brackets. This is because with smaller dimension wire both Time 2 and Damon 2 brackets behave like passive tube. In the study when the Gemini Roth and Damon 2 brackets were tested for comparison in dry and wet state, it was found that both the brackets exhibited increased friction in wet state. It is explained that the increased friction is mainly due to the atomic attraction that exist between the saliva particles. The study also enumerate that during aligning and leveling phase the ideal wire of choice is the smaller dimension wires. Larger dimension wires are not advised during aligning and leveling phase because with larger dimension wire more frictional force is encountered between the bracket and the arch wire which in turn decreases the tooth movement. With the advent of self ligating system it is becoming apparent that stainless steel and elastomeric ligatures will eventually be out dated as full banding is today. The current brackets are able to deliver measurable benefit with good robustness and ease of use, although further refinements and further studies are essential