AIM & OBJECTIVE: Productively assess the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity of Elaeocarpus
leaf extract on elevated fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia & triton induced
hyperlipidaemia models.
Collection of literature survey for set up the significance of the study.
authenticate of Elaeocarpus with the help of botanist.
Extract the dried leaf of Elaeocarpus using suitable solvents.
Invivo Model, Diet induced, Triton induced hyperlipidemia. CONCLUSION: The non-ionic detergent, Triton WR-1339, has been widely used to block the
uptake of triacyl glycerol-rich lipoproteins from plasma by peripheral tissues in order
to produce acute hyperlipidemia in animal models which are often used for a number
of objectives, in particular for screening natural or chemical hypolipidemic drugs.
With this objective, many medicinal plants have been assessed for their antihyperlipidemic
activity against Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia. Schurr et al.
demonstrated that on parenteral administration of triton in adult rats maximum blood
cholesterol and triglyceride levels were reached at 24 h, followed by a decline to
normal values. In our study, this model gave similar plasma lipid profile changes, at
24 h after Triton WR-1339 injection in rats. This result demonstrates the feasibility of
using Triton induced hyperlipidemic rats as an experimental model to investigate the
hypolipidemic effect of polyherbal extracts. Our study clearly shows that the large
increase in serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides due to Triton WR-1339
injection results mostly from an increase of VLDL secretion by the liver accompanied
by a strong reduction of VLDL and LDL catabolism. The reduction of total
cholesterol by the hydroalcoholic extract was associated with a decrease of its LDL
fraction in serum and liver, which is the target of several hypolipidemic drugs. Report
of a study suggests that cholesterol lowering activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of
polyherbal formulation could be the result of the rapid catabolism of LDL cholesterol
through its hepatic receptors for final elimination in the form of bile acids, as
demonstrated Increased level of serum LDL-cholesterol results in increased risk for
the development of atherosclerosis. It is well known that HDL-Cholesterol levels have
a protective role in coronary artery disease. HDL-cholesterol is reported to have a
preventive function against atherogenesis since an independent inverse relationship
between blood HDL-C levels and cardiovascular risk incidence has been reported.
The hydroalcoholic extract of our polyherbal formulation also increased HDLcholesterol
levels thus exhibiting antihyperlipidemic action. HMG CoA reductase is
the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. It converts HMG
CoA to mevalonate. In the present study, HMG CoA reductase activity was indirectly
measured in terms of the ratio between HMG CoA and mevalonate. The ratio was
found to be inversely proportional to HMG CoA reductase activity, indicating that an
increase in the ratio inferred a decrease in the enzyme activity. The hydroalcoholic extract of polyherbal formulation produced a significant and dose dependent increase
in HMG CoA / mevalonate ratio in liver as compared to normal group. Similar results
were reported with hydroalcoholic extracts of Nasturtium officinale leaves.
Atherosclerotic index (A.I) is believed to be an important risk factor for diagnosis of
atherosclerosis. The hydroalcoholic extract of our polyherbal formulation reduced
atherogenic index which is one of the most important risk factors of atherosclerotic
plaques. Similar results were reported by others when studying the hypolipidemic
effect of natural products. Polyherbal extract, Zizyphus jujuba contains Pectin A
which has a number of pharmacological properties such as binding bile acid and
lowering plasma cholesterol. Z. Jujuba contains saponins which are part of sugar
chains which attach themselves to a sterol or triterpene. Saponins are known to form
complexes with cholesterol by binding plasma lipids, thereby altering cholesterol
metabolism. Capparis decidua contains saponins and tannins which inhibit lipid
absorption. Also fibre present in Capparis deciduas has the most pronounced
hypocholesterolemic effect which appears to operate through increased fecal
excretion of cholesterol as well as bile acids. Thus all these constituents present in our
polyherbal extract may be responsible for its hypolipidemic activity.
Thus it can be concluded that hydroalcoholic extract of at the dose of
200mg/kg and 400mg/kg; p.o. showed good anti-hyperlipidemic action in Triton WR-
1339 and High cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemia model. The probable
mechanism of action of the extract may be inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase enzyme
pathway
