Abd Aziz, Mohamad Zoinol Abidin

Abu Bakar, Hamizan

Ahmad, Badrul Hisham

Hassan, Nornikman

Noor Azizi, Muhammad Syafiq

Othman, Mohd Azlishah

Ramli, Mohamad Hafize

Sulaiman, Hamzah Asyrani

Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) Repository

  e-ISSN: 2289-8131   Vol. 9 No. 2-5 13  Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna with Different Location of Minkowski Island Split Ring Resonator (MI-SRR) Structure   Nornikman Hassan1, Muhammad Syafiq Noor Azizi1, Badrul Hisham Ahmad1,  Mohamad Zoinol Abidin Abd. Aziz1, Hamizan Abu Bakar1, Mohamad Hafize Ramli1, Mohd Azlishah Othman1, Hamzah Asyrani Sulaiman2 1Centre for Telecommunication Research and Innovation (CeTRI), Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Information and Communication Technology,  Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia. badrulhisham@utem.edu.my   Abstract—In this project, different locations of the Minkowski Island split ring resonator (MI-SRR) structure are embedded in the basic rectangular patch antenna. It started with a basic rectangular microstrip patch antenna that were simulated in CST Microwave Studio software. After that, four different locations (Location A, Location B, Location C and Location D) of MI-SRR were chosen to compare the performance of return loss, resonant frequency, surface current radiation pattern, and gain. Location A represented the antenna with the MI-SRR at the center part of the patch, while Location B had the MI-SRR at the upper part of the FR-4 substrate. Location C and Location D represented the antenna with MI-SRR at the ground at antenna with MI-SRR at the other layer, respectively. The return loss performances of Design of Location A, Location B, Location C, and Location D were - 26.546 dB, - 23.892 dB, - 43.842 dB, - 51.506 dB at resonant frequency of 2.432 GHz, 2.510 GHz, 2.438 GHz and 2.542 GHz, respectively.  Index Terms—Split Ring Resonator; Patch Antenna; Minkowski Island; Fractal Antenna; Return Loss.  I. INTRODUCTION  Smith [1] based on Pendry’s works [2] claimed that the split ring resonator structure is one of the popular techniques to enhancement the patch antenna design. Besides applying it to antenna, it also can be applied in numerous areas of telecommunication devices such as at microwave absorber, radio frequency (RF) filter, and oscillator [3-8]. The microstrip patches using FR-4 substrate is the basic antenna design that has been developed due to their low profiles, easy to fabricate in laboratory and low in cost compared with Rogers and Taconic. Minkowski Island is the advanced technique of the Minkowski fractal design. In previous work, complementary Minkowski structure is located at the middle of the patch of antenna to generate a new design [9-18]. Previously, it had been found in many designs of the patch antenna. In this work, four different locations of Minkowski Island split ring resonator (MI-SRR) structure at patch antenna had been chosen to compare its performance.    II. ANTENNA DESIGN  The first step was to design the basic structure of the rectangular microstrip patch antenna. Figure 1 and Table 1 show the dimension and the schematic diagram of the basic rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The optimized result is the change of value from the calculated value to optimize the right location of resonant frequency. It shows that the optimized dimension has the width = 32.2 mm from 33.7 mm and the length = 29.0 mm from 31.0 mm, with copper thickness = 0.035 mm and substrate thickness = 1.6 mm. The tangent loss value of this FR-4 substrate was 0.019.    Figure 1: Basic microstrip patch antenna, (a) front view of antenna, (b) side view of antenna  Table 1  The dimension of the basic microstrip patch antenna (calculated and optimized)  Symbol Calculate dimension (mm) Optimized dimension (mm) Wp 33.7 32.3 Lp 31.0 29.0 Wf - 0.5 Lf1 - 16.5 Wf - 3.0 Lf2 - 2.72 Tc 0.035 0.035 Ts 1.6 1.6  The next step was to add the MI-SRR at four different locations of the antenna. Location A represents the antenna with the MI-SRR at the center part of the patch, while Location B has the MI-SRR at the upper part of the FR-4 (a) (b) Wp Lp Wf1 Lf1 Wf2 Lf2 Ts Tc Tc Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering 14 e-ISSN: 2289-8131   Vol. 9 No. 2-5  substrate. Location C and Location D represent the antenna with MI-SRR at the ground at antenna with MI-SRR at the other layer, respectively. Figure 2 signifies the microstrip patch antenna with MI-SRR at four different locations (Location A to Location D).          Figure 2: The rectangular patch antenna with four different locations of Minkowski Island split ring, (a) Location A - center of the microstrip patch, (b) Location B - upper part of the FR-4 substrate, (c) Location C - back part of ground plane, (d) Location D - the split ring resonator with gap  Table 2 shows the dimension of the basic rectangular patch antenna with MI-SRR structure at different location. The same dimension of this split ring resonator was used at all four different designs with 5.0 mm width x 5.0 mm length. The split gap at the ring was only 0.5 mm, which are the same for all designs.  Table 2 The dimension of the microstrip patch antenna with different locations of MI-SRR structure  Parameter Symbol Optimized dimension od MI-SRR (mm) Location A Location B Location C Location D SRR width Wx 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 SRR length Lx 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 SRR gap Dx 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5  III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION  This segment displays the numerous simulated and measured performance results of the microstip patch antenna with different locations of the MI-SRR structure. The results of the resonant frequency, return loss, bandwidth and antenna gain are presented. Figure 3 with Table 3 shows the simulated return loss performance for basic rectangular microstrip patch antenna in CST Microwave Studio simulation software. The simulated result of the return loss performance resonant frequency for basic antenna was - 27.082 dB at 2.40 GHz of resoanat frequency. For the measured result, it shows the shift of resonant frequency to 2.403 GHz with – 28.68 dB, with 65.0 MHz of narrow bandwidth in between 2.367 GHz and 2.432 GHz. Compared with the simulated, the measured result achieved the bandwidth of 64 MHz.    Figure 3: Simulated and measured result of return loss for basic rectangular microstrip patch antenna with lower frequency  Table 3 Different results for parameters in the basic microstrip patch antenna  Parameter Antenna type Basic antenna (simulation) Basic antenna (measurement) Resonant frequency, fr (GHz) 2.400 2.403 Return loss (dB) - 27.082 - 28.608 Bandwidth (MHz), f1-f2 (GHz) 65, 2.367 – 2.432 64, 2.370 – 2.434 Gain (dB) 3.031 2.980  Figure 4 shows the return loss for the microstrip patch antenna with different locations of Minkowski Island split ring resonator structure. All types of split ring resonator shifted the resonant frequency to a higher level compared with the basic patch antenna that resonated at 2.4 GHz. The best reflection coefficient was achieved by Location D with - 51.506 dB compared to the basic antenna with only – 27.082 dB.  The resonant frequency for this split ring resonator location was at 2.542 GHz, while Location C was shifted to 2.438 GHz with - 43.842 dB. As for bandwidth, the locations for all split ring resonators shared nearly similar bandwidth between 61 MHz to 65 MHz, like the basic microstrip patch antenna. Table 4 represents the comparison of different parameters between the basic patch antenna and the microstrip patch antenna with different locations of Minkowski Island split ring resonator structures.    Figure 4: Return loss of bow-tie patch antenna with different SRR distance from the center part of the bow-tie patch (a) (b) (c) (d) Lx Wx Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna with Different Location of Minkowski Island Split Ring Resonator (MI-SRR) Structure  e-ISSN: 2289-8131   Vol. 9 No. 2-5 15 Table 4 Comparison of different parameters between the patch antennas with different locations of Minkowski Island split ring resonators  Design Antenna Resonant frequency, fr (GHz) Return loss (dB) Bandwidth (MHz), fHigh - fLow (GHz) Gain at fr (dB) Basic 2.400 - 27.082 65, 2.367 – 2.432 3.031 Location A 2.432 - 26.546 61, 2.401 – 2.461 2.406 Location B 2.510 - 23.892 63, 2.479 – 2.542 2.844 Location C 2.438 - 43.842 65, 2.406 – 2.471 2.836 Location D 2.542 - 51.506 62, 2.511 – 2.573 3.336  Figure 5 shows the performance of gain for the patch antenna with different locations of Minkowski Island split ring resonators. Only Location D was improved for its performance, in which it gained by 3.336 dB. The performance of gain for Location A, B, and C were 2.406 dB, 2.844 dB, and 2.836 dB, respectively.    Figure 5: The gains of microstrip patch antenna with different locations of Minkowski Island split ring resonators  Figure 6 represents the comparison of radiation in the microstrip patch antenna with different locations of Minkowski Island split ring resonators. It shows that Location C experienced minor changes in the radiation pattern compared to the basic microstrip patch, while the others remained with the same circular shape. Figure 7 shows the contribution of surface current in the microstrip patch antenna with different locations of Minkowski Island split ring resonators. It shows that different types of surface current depended on the location of the split ring resonator. The surface current of Location A and C were focused at the center of the patch.  IV. CONCLUSION  The results of the simulation work conducted in CST Microwave Studio simulation software show that the split ring resonator affected several parameters of the microstrip patch antenna. The resonant frequency of the antenna can be considered using different dimensions of the length, width and the location of the split ring resonator structure. From the result, the shifted of resonant frequency, f0 affects that the increment of capacitance, C. This situation exists due to the addition of split ring resonator structure in the antenna. The value of capacitance is proportional with the resonant frequency. Therefore, this situation affects the decrement of resonant frequency of the patch antenna.       Figure 6: Radiation pattern for microstrip patch antenna with different locations of Minkowski Island split ring resonator, (a) phase = 0, (b) phase 90           Figure 7: Surface current of microstrip patch antenna with different locations of MI-SRR structures for Locations A, B, C, and D at ϕ = 00. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering 16 e-ISSN: 2289-8131   Vol. 9 No. 2-5  ACKNOWLEDGEMENT  The authors would like to thank Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) and the MyBrain15 program from the Government of Malaysia for sponsoring this study. The authors would also like to thank UTeM for sponsoring this work under the TRGS/1/2014/FKEKK/02/1 grant. The authors would like to thank UTeM for their support in obtaining the information and material in the development of our work and we also want to thank the anonymous referees whose comments led to an improved presentation of our work.  REFERENCES  [1] Smith, D. R., Padilla, W. J., Vier, D. C., 2000. 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Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna With Different Location Of Minkowski Island Split Ring Resonator (MI-SRR) Structure

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Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna With Different Location Of Minkowski Island Split Ring Resonator (MI-SRR) Structure

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