This poster was presented at the American College of Sports Medicine\u27s (ACSM) 63rd Annual Meeting and World Congresses, Boston, MA.https://scholarworks.uttyler.edu/fac_posters/1016/thumbnail.jp

Arce-Esquivel, Arturo A.

Ballard, Joyce E.

Haas, Barbara K

Hermanns, Melinda

Kimmel, Gary T.

Rizer, Carol

Wang, Yong T.

English

Scholar Works at UT Tyler (University of Texas at Tyler)

University of Texas at TylerScholar Works at UT TylerFaculty Posters Research Posters5-2016Tai Chi Exercise on Muscle Strength and PhysicalFunction in Peripheral Neuropathy PatientsJoyce E. BallardUniversity of Texas at TylerArturo A. Arce-EsquivelUniversity of Texas at TylerBarbara K. HaasThe University of Texas at Tyler, bhaas@uttyler.eduMelinda HermannsThe University of Texas at Tyler, mhermanns@uttyler.eduCarol RizerUniversity of Texas at TylerSee next page for additional authorsFollow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uttyler.edu/fac_postersThis Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Research Posters at Scholar Works at UT Tyler. It has been accepted for inclusion in FacultyPosters by an authorized administrator of Scholar Works at UT Tyler. For more information, please contact tbianchi@uttyler.edu.Recommended CitationBallard, Joyce E.; Arce-Esquivel, Arturo A.; Haas, Barbara K.; Hermanns, Melinda; Rizer, Carol; Kimmel, Gary T.; and Wang, Yong T.,"Tai Chi Exercise on Muscle Strength and Physical Function in Peripheral Neuropathy Patients" (2016). Faculty Posters. Book 17.http://hdl.handle.net/10950/414AuthorsJoyce E. Ballard, Arturo A. Arce-Esquivel, Barbara K. Haas, Melinda Hermanns, Carol Rizer, Gary T. Kimmel,and Yong T. WangThis book is available at Scholar Works at UT Tyler: https://scholarworks.uttyler.edu/fac_posters/17ABSTRACTTai Chi Exercise on Muscle Strength and Physical Function in Peripheral Neuropathy PatientsJoyce E. Ballard1, Arturo A. Arce-Esquivel1, Barbara K. Haas2, Melinda L. Hermanns2, Carol Rizer2, Gary T. Kimmel3, and Yong T. Wang21Department of Health and Kinesiology and 2School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Tyler. 3Cancer Foundation for Life, Tyler, TexasAn estimated 20 million people in the U.S. suffer from peripheral neuropathy (PN). Patients with PN develop gait abnormalities. Foot pain is one of the factors affecting walking ability. As a result, a large number of individuals with PN suffer from a reduction in daily physical activity and reduced quality of life. Tai Chi appears to be safe and effective in promoting strength and functional capacity in older patients with other chronic disabilities. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effects of Tai Chi on muscle strength and physical function in patients with PN. Methods: Thirty seven participants (men=21, women=16) were randomly assigned to either Tai Chi exercise (Ex, n=20, age: 71 ± 9.50 years) or control group (Con, n=17, age: 75 ± 9.02 years). Exercise training consisted of 12-week progressive Tai Chi (i.e., Yang Style), offered 3 times per week, 60 minutes each time. Before and after training, muscle strength [One repetition maximum (1RM) for leg extension and leg curl] and physical function [time of 8-foot up-and-go; TUG] were evaluated. Results: Muscle strength increased significantly in the Ex group [leg extension: pre = 26.76 ±16.05; post = 46.12±25.55 kg; leg curl: pre = 28.69±13.51; post = 44.22±13.97 kg; (p<0.05)]. In addition, the TUG decreased significantly in the Ex group [pre = 12.34±5.73; post = 7.43±2.87 sec, (p<0.05)]. No significant changes were observed in the Con group. Conclusions: Clearly, these findings demonstrated that Tai Chi was capable of increasing lower extremity muscle strength and physical function among PN patients. Interestingly, the exercise training program was able to reduce the risk for loss of functional mobility (i.e., decreased 8-foot up-and-go time) among the participants.INTRODUCTIONAn estimated 20 million people in the U.S. suffer from peripheral neuropathy (PN), a pathology associated with damage to peripheral nerves that results in loss of function, amputation, and decreased quality of life (QOL). Patients with PN develop gait abnormalities, balance and mobility problems. Foot pain is one of the factors affecting walking ability. As a result, a large number of individuals with PN suffer from a reduction in daily physical activity and reduced QOL. Indeed, patients with PN exhibited lower scores on the functional reach test (Duncan et al. 1990), the 6-min walk test (6MW), and the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) (Manor and Li, 2009) compared with age-matched controls. Furthermore, people with PN, typically, do not perform a lot of physical activity due to their limitations. Considering the gait and balance challenges associated with PN, low velocity, low impact exercises might be the most effective for this clinical population. Tai Chi, is an ancient Chinese healing/martial art that consists of a series of graceful movements with deep and slow diaphragmatic breathing. Tai Chi training appears to be safe and effective in promoting balance, strength, and functional capacity in older patients with chronic disabilities (Song et al. 2003, Wang et al. 2004). Thus, the purpose of  this study was to assess the effects of Tai Chi on muscle strength and physical function in patients with PN.METHODSParticipantsThirty seven participants (men=21, women=16) with a physician’s diagnosis of PN were recruited from the Tyler metropolitan area. They were randomly assigned to either Tai Chi exercise (Ex, n=20) or control group (Con, n=17). All participants signed informed consents prior to testing.Exercise ProgramExercise consisted of 12-week progressive Tai Chi (i.e., Yang Style), offered 3 times per week, 60 minutes each time. A typical Tai Chi practice session was 60 minutes long, included diaphragmatic breathing and gentle stretching exercises for warm-up (10 min), learning and practicing Tai Chi Yang Style 10 forms (45 min), and cool down (5 min). All  classes were taught by a Tai Chi Master. AssessmentsOne Repetition Maximum (1RM): One RM was conducted on weight machines (i.e., Life Fitness) designed for lower body (i.e., leg extension, and leg curl) muscle groups. Participants were asked to lift one time the heaviest weight they were able to lift within their comfort level. Time of 8 Foot up and Go (TUG): This test was used to assess agility, coordination and dynamic balance. The test requires standing up from a chair, walking eight feet, turning and walking back to the chair as quickly as possible.Six minute walk test (6MW): Participants were instructed to walk at their own pace trying to cover as much distance as possible in 6 minutes on an indoor track. To standardize the protocol, the participants were not coached during the test, but made aware of time remaining to completion. The distance covered was recorded to the nearest meter.CONCLUSIONSTime of 8 Foot up and Go (pre and post)Six minute walk test (pre and post)Functional Assessments (pre and post)These findings demonstrated that Tai Chi was capable of increasing lower extremity muscle strength and physical function among PN patients. Interestingly, Tai Chi training was able to increase the distance covered during the 6MW test, and to reduce the risk for loss of functional mobility (i.e., decreased 8-foot up-and-go time) among the participants.RESULTSParticipant CharacteristicsChanges in lower muscle strength (pre and post)ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe would like to thank Linda Friedemann, Sowmya Yarlagadda (graduate student research assistant), Crystal Bryce, Laura Hoyt, and Kleanthe Caruso for their technical assistance. This research was supported by The University of Texas at Tyler - College of Nursing & Health Sciences Intramural Grant Program (2015). VariableCon (n=17)Ex(n=20)Age (yr) 75 ± 9.02 71 ± 9.50Height (cm) 170 ± 12.04 173 ± 8.63Weight (kg) 83 ± 20.15 87 ± 12.92BMI (kg·m-2) 28 ± 5.69 29 ± 3.82Table 1. Values are means ± SD. Figure 1. One repetition maximum (1RM) leg extension. Values are means ±S.E. * p < 0.05 vs. Pre Figure 2. One repetition maximum (1RM) leg curl. Values are mean ±S.E. * p < 0.05 vs. PreFigure 3. Time of 8 Foot up and Go (TUG). Values are means ±S.E. *p < 0.05 vs. PreFigure 4. Six-Minute Walk Test (6MW). Values are means ±S.E. * p < 0.05 vs. Pre VariableCon (n=17) preCon (n=17)postEx (n=20)preEx (n=20)postLeg Extension (kg) 22.94 ± 17.46 23.91 ± 18.65 26.76 ± 16.05 46.12 ± 25.55*Leg Curl (kg) 31.55 ± 15.72 32.15 ± 15.68 28.69 ± 13.51 44.22 ± 13.97*TUG (sec) 11.10 ± 4.61 10.87 ± 4.51 12.34 ± 5.73 7.43 ± 2.87*6MW (m) 393.3 ± 141.7 398.0 ± 148.7 392.2 ± 93.39 503.3 ± 105.3*Table 2. Values are means ± SD. * p < 0.05 vs. Pre

Tai Chi Exercise on Muscle Strength and Physical Function in Peripheral Neuropathy Patients

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Tai Chi Exercise on Muscle Strength and Physical Function in Peripheral Neuropathy Patients

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