Phonetics is basic to phonology and both are important components of Foreign Language teaching / learning. What was defined as a phonemic contrast by the Prague phonologists is key in Foreign Language didactics. How many phonemes shall we teach in French as a foreign language for example? And which is the scientific background of a “correct” pronunciation? A phonetic approach based on phonemic contrast gives detailed and surprising answers and these answers affect Foreign Language didactics, especially beginning levels. The traditional alphabet approach to learn the sounds of a foreign language is not able to treat phonological challenges or disability. Furthermore, a good knowledge of the phonemic contrasts of both source and target languages will help teachers to emphasize specific points and to decode pronunciation and comprehension issues. In sum, the study of phonemic contrasts in target and source languages, as well as a global phonological awareness are more likely to develop efficient oral skills. 
