4 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 4)

Treadwell, Aaron L. (Aaron Louis), 1866-1947.

Verrill, A. E. (Addison Emery), 1839-1926.

American Museum of Natural History Scientific Publications

AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATESNumber 1233Published byTHE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORYNew York CityJune 11, 1943NEW SPECIES OF POLYCHAETOUS ANNELIDS FROM HAWAIIBY A. L. TREADWELLCirratulidaeAUDOUINIA QUATREFAGESAudouinia branchiata, new speciesFigures 1 to 3A considerable number collected at PearlHarbor in May, 1925. On this date some fe-males were with eggs. All were very much coiledso that accurate measurements of length were im-possible, but the type specimen, which is largerthan the others, is approximately 40 mm. long.The gills are numerous and heavy and with thetentacles form a dense mass of filaments overthe dorsal surface of the anterior part of thebody. In the posterior part of the body the gillsare fewer and smaller. The posterior third ofthe body of the type is narrower than the an-terior two-thirds, but this is not the case in allspecimens. In the type and in some othersthere is a row of pigment along the anterior mar-gin of the prostomium with a short linear patchon either side posterior to the outer end of thisrow. This is not apparent in most specimens.The prostomium is 1 mm. wide, but there is arather rapid widening in the anterior somites sothat at the 6th somite the body width is 6 mm.This is in the type, other specimens beingsmaller. Somite boundaries are clear in most ofthe body but dim in the head region. Appar-ently there are three non-setigerous and sixsetigerous ones in front of the tentacles, and thegills on these anterior somites are smaller thanelsewhere. In anterior regions the distance fromgill to notopodium is about one-half of that be-tween the neuro- and notopodia. In the middleof the body the gills are definitely farther re-moved from the notopodium.The prostomium (Fig. 1) is a blunt cone, itssides continuing posteriorly to form a straightline with the sides of the first somites, latersomites widening rapidly to full body width.The neuropodial setae are all slender, muchelongated and very sharp-pointed (Fig. 2).In width those of the same somite vary considera-bly, but there are more in a bundle, and someare wider, in posterior than in anterior somites.The neuropodia are of two kinds; the hooks (Fig.3) are similar in form throughout the body andapproximately six in number in each bundle.In each bundle is also one very slender seta whosegeneral form is like that of the notopodial.The type is No. 3260 in the collections ofThe American Museum of Natural History,Department of Invertebrates.ChaetopteridaePHnLLOCHABTOPTERUS GRUBEPhyllochaetopterus verrilli, new speciesFigures 4 to 8A few imperfect specimens marked as collectedat Oahu in May, 1937. The anterior regions arewell enough preserved to make accurate diag-noses possible, but not much of the third bodyregion is retained in any of the material. Onespecimen measured 6 mm. to the end of thesecond body region, another was shorter butthicker, this probably being a matter of a differ-ent degree of contraction. The tentacles belong-ing to animals of this size were 10 mm. long.The tentacles are rather thick and are sepa-rated at their bases by a distance equal to aboutone-half their diameters. From a dorsal viewthey cover the greater part of the prostomiumwhich may be seen as an oval body lying betweenthe tentacle bases (Fig. 4). Figure 4 gives onlythe general outlines of the tentacles and does notattempt to represent a deep longitudinal furrowwhich occurs on the dorsal surface of each. Theperistomium extends laterally on either side buton the dorsal surface is largely covered by thetentacles. Ventrally (Fig. 5) it shows a medianmarginal depression above which may be seenthe end of the prostomium. This depressionprevents the peristomium from having the horse-foot outline so generally characteristic of thisgenus. The secondary tentacles (Fig, 4) areone on either side, each a cylindrical, rather stiffappearing body which is not long enough to reachthe anterior peristomial margin.There are nine somites (not counting the peri-stomium) in the first body section and two in thesecond. All those of the first section havepointed parapodia, each with long, sharp-pointed setae. In the fourth setigerous somiteare fewer of the slender setae, but there is oneither side a vertical row of heavy, blunt-pointedones. One specimen had three of these on eitherside; another had three with smaller ones aboveand below them. They are very black in colorand easily seen on the sides of the somite. Themedian body section has two somites, each ofwhich carries on its dorsal surface a broad flap,AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES3~~~~~~~~64013 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Figs. 1-3. Audouinia branchiata, new species. Fig. 1, anterior end (X 10); Fig. 2, slender seta(X 370); Fig. 3, neuropodial hook (X 370).Figs. 4-8. Phyllochaetopterus verrilli, new species. Fig. 4, anterior end (X 5); Fig. 5, ventralview of head (X 5); Fig. 6, notopodium of posterior region (X 5); Fig. 7, seta of first region (X 255);Fig. 8, diagram showing arrangement of uncini in two rows, much enlarged.Figs. 9-13. Laonome arenosa, new species. Fig. 9, ventral view of collar (X 5); Fig. 10, dorsalview of collar (X 5); Fig. 11, uncinus (X 187); Fig. 12, smaller seta (X 187); Fig. 13, thoracic seta(X 187).Fig. 14, 15. Vermiliopsis hawaiiensis, new species. Fig. 13, operculum with part of stalk (X 23);Fig. 15, seta (X 250).Figs. 16, 17. VTemiliopsis torquata, new species. Fig. 16, side view of head (X 18); Fig. 17, seta(X 185).2 [No. 1233POLYCHAETOUS ANNELIDS FROM HAWAIIthe two being more or less fused across the me-dian line. On the ventral surface each has atransverse lobe which in the anterior of the twosomites is definitely bilobed but in theposterior is less so or not at all. In the thirdbody section the first somite is the longest, thesecond and later somites being much shorter.Since the posterior body somites had been lost,this statement applies only to the foremostsomites of this section. Each somite has a trans-versely placed flap on its postero-ventral face.The notopodium is a club-shaped body with aspherical head and thick stem, the whole beingabout as long as one-quarter of the body width(Fig. 6).Potts (1914, pp. 987-990) reaches the conclu-sion that seta characters vary so much in Phyllo-chaetopterus as to be of little value in speciesdiagnosis, but for what they are worth I am re-cording them here. There are two kinds ofsetae in the first body section. The first arelong and slender and have pointed apices, theothers vary from lanceolate to obovate withminute pointed tips (Fig. 7, a lanceolate form).The surface is marked with longitudinal stria-tions. In the third body section each noto-podium carries two slender setae similar to thefirst mentioned as occurring in the first section,each extending from the base of the notopodialstalk to near the center of its head (Fig. 6).The uncini of the third body section are verysmall flat plates, each with a rounded basal andfive sharp teeth, the apical being the smallest.They lie alternately in two closely compactedrows (diagrammatically represented in Fig. 8).The tube is composed of an organic base towhich are attached small particles of white sand.The type is No. 3261 in the collections ofThe American Museum of Natural History,Department of Invertebrates.SabellidaeLAONOME MALMGRENLaonome arenosa, new speciesFigures 9 to 14The body of the type is 30 mm. long and in thethoracic region is 4 mm. wide. The collar isprominent, its ventral ends extending intobluntly rounded conical lobes, the lobes from thetwo sides widely overlapping (Fig. 9). At theapices of the lobes the height is 2 mm., but atabout two-thirds of the distance to the lateralbody line the height is 1.5 mm. The dorso-lateral lobes are about as high as the ventral(Fig. 10), but the dorso-median ones are muchshorter than these. The two dorso-median lobesare separated by a narrow space.There are eight thoracic somites (seven uncini-gerous). The gills are uniformly brown in colorand carry no eyes. There is a very short base-ment membrane. The first three or four of theventral gills are short, the others longer and aboutuniform in length. The tentacles are coloredlike the gills and are rather long and narrow.In the type, just ventral to the mouth, are twolarge whitish bodies each about 1 mm. in lengthwhich evidently are some abnormal growth.The thoracic uncini are in a single row. Eachuncinus has one large tooth (Fig. 11), with anapical arrangement of small spines or, moreproperly called, striations, as even under a mag-nification of 500 diameters no protruding pointscan be seen. The base is prolonged into a sharppoint. The setae vary from long and slenderwith a very narrow wing (Fig. 12) to shorterones which are definitely geniculate and carry abroad wing at the bend (Fig. 13). Some thatare more or less intermediate between these twooccasionally appear. In the abdomen the un-cinal rows are shorter than in the thorax, butthe uncini are essentially alike in the two places.Abdominal setae are essentially like those of thethorax but are predominantly of the broad-winged type. There are no uncini in the collarsomite and the setae are the same as in the restof the thorax.The tube is composed of fine gray sand with athin light-brown organic base.The specimens were collected in Hawaiiby A. E. Verrill. The type is No. 3262 inthe collections of The American Museum ofNatural History, Department of Inverte-brates.SerpulidaeVERMILIOPSIS ST. JOSEPHVermiliopsis hawaiiensis, new speciesFigures 14, 15The most prominent feature of the animal isthe large black operculum on the end of a promi-nent stalk. In the type the body is 4.5 mm.long, while the operculum with stalk is 3 mm.In the preserved material the gills are muchcontracted and in that condition are 1 mm. long.The base of the opercular stalk is about one-quarter as wide as is the body at its second so-mite. This gradually widens to twice thatwidth at the apex. Under a low magnificationit shows a wrinkled surface (Fig. 14), but appar-ently not a true jointing. On the dorsal surfaceis a narrow notch. The apical pseudojoint ismuch larger than any of the others. The broadrounded base of the operculum is attached tothis terminal pseudojoint, and its apical portionis a cone, colored an intense black. In some ofthe material the apex of the operculum showed adepression, but it is probable that this is an arte-fact and that the normal form is that of the bluntapex of a cone. There is no indication of joint-ing in the operculum.The collar is four-lobed, the dorso-lateral lobeslarger than the others and widely separated onthe dorsal margin. The ventro-lateral lobes arein contact ventrally. The gill radioles are about1943 ] 3AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATESeight on a side, the stalks rather heavy and withnaked apices.In the thorax are six uncinate somites and inthe abdomen about forty, though, because ofpoor preservation, the latter number is somewhatdifficult to determine definitely. The thoraciesetae (Fig. 15) are slender and have a slight dila-tion toward the apex but no true wing. Alongthe margin of the convex part of this dilation is arow of spines. In the thorax are twelve or moreof these setae. In the collar (first thoracicsetae) the number is smaller, and they are smallerin size. The apices are sharp-pointed, but so faras I could determine there are no marginalspines. The thoracic uncini are plates packedtightly in a single row, each plate with abouttwenty sharp teeth and a very much larger bifidbasal one, each half of the tooth bluntly rounded.The abdominal uncini are similar to the thoracic.Aside from an occasional broken stalk I wasunable to find any abdominal elongated setae.The shell is relatively heavy with prominentlongitudinal ridges.The specimens were collected in Hawaiiby A. E. Verrill. The type is No. 3263 inthe collections of The American Museum ofNatural History, Department of Inverte-brates.Vermiliopsis torquata, new speciesFigures 16, 17The body length is about 9 mm., with a widthof 0.5 mm. The operculum has a heavy, jointedstem. In both specimens at my disposal theoperculum had been badly preserved, but as indi-cated in the larger specimen its outline mustoriginally have been a pointed oval with a seriesof dark, pigmented rings on its outer half. Inone specimen these rings can be seen, althoughthe terminal half of the oval has collapsed intothe basal. There are about twelve gills on aside, each branchiole having a relatively longnaked portion at the tip. In the preserved ma-terial the gills are contracted into a compact massabout as long as the operculum. The collar isvery prominent. Dorsally it has two largelobes, one shown in lateral view in Fig. 16.These are almost rectangular in outline, and oneof them covers over the base of the opercularstalk. The ventral margin of each lobe ex-tends nearly to the ventral body line, and oneither side they extend postero-dorsally nearlyto the end of the thorax. What appear to bethe ventral collar lobes are transverse fleshystructures ventral to the mouth (shown at leftin the figure).There are seven thoracic somites. In the first(collar) somite there are about twelve slendersetae, most of which were broken in my ma-terial but apparently all were long, slender andsharp-pointed. Those of other somites are simi-lar to these, but some have marginal roughnesseswhich may be minute teeth but which probablyare artefacts. In the posterior thoracic somitesare a few of these slender ones, but most arelimbate toward the apices, the wing having mar-ginal spines, and the row of marginal spines iscontinued along the stalk beyond the end of thewing (Fig. 17). Those beyond the end of thewing are larger than those on its margin. Theseresemble the "soie de Apomatus" of Fauvel(1927, Fig. 24n) except that the marginalstructures are fine spines instead of mere indenta-tions as figured by Fauvel. In the limitedamount of material at my disposal I was unableto get any good preparations of abdominal setae,all that remained being broken stalks. Thethoracic uncini are of the typical form, eachwith a marginal row of sharp teeth and largerteeth at the base. They are set in a singleclosely packed row.Only two specimens are in the collection,of which the smaller is much the better pre-served. I have marked them as cotypesbecause the structure of the operculum isbetter shown in the larger specimen, whileother characters are best seen in thesmaller.Collected in Hawaii by A. E. Verrill.The cotypes are numbered 3264 in the col-lections of The American Museum ofNatural History, Department of Inverte-brates.LITERATUREFAUVEL, PIERRE1927. Faune de France, XVI, Polychetessed'entaires, pp. 1-494, Figs. 1-152.MCINTOSH, W. C.1885. Challenger Reports, No. 12, pp. i-xxxvi, 1-554, Pls. i-Lv, IA-XXXIXA, 1map.PoTrs, F. A.1914. Polychaeta from the N. II. Pacific.The Chaetopteridae. Proc. Zool. Soc.London, pp. 955-994, text figs. 1-13,Pis. I-VI.TREADWELL, A. L.1906. Polychaetous Annelids of the HawaiianIslands. Bull. U. S. Fish Commissionfor 1903, XXIII, Pt. III, pp. 1145-1181, Figs. 1-81.4 [No. 1233

Polychaetous annelids from Hawaii

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