Number of Pages: 2Integrative BiologyGeological Science

Bocchini Sergio

Chiolerio Alessandro

Porro Samuele

English

BOCCHINI, SERGIO

CHIOLERIO, ALESSANDRO

PORRO, SAMUELE

PORTO@iris (Publications Open Repository TOrino - Politecnico di Torino)

Method for the preparation of polyaniline/reduced graphene oxides composites

The present invention concerns a method for obtaining polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide composites comprising the steps of dispersing the graphene oxide in an acid aqueous solution containing an emulsifying agent to obtain a graphene oxide dispersion; dissolving one or more aniline oligomers in an organic solvent to obtain an oligomer solution; mixing the oligomer solution with the graphene oxide dispersion, said oligomer being added in a stoichiometric excess compared to the quantity required to complete the graphene oxide reduction; adding to the suspension of the polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide composite an oxidizing agent in a stoichiometric
quantity compared to said excess of oligomer so as to oxidize the excess of said oligomer to obtain a suspension of the polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide composite

Method For The Preparation Of Polyaniline/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites

Number of Pages: 2Integrative BiologyEarth and Planetary Science

Ernst, Carl H.

Texas ScholarWorks

9 '90 290MI.a 100 200 300 KM.REPTILIA: TESTUDINES: EMYDIDAECatalogueof AmericanAmphibiansand Reptiles.ERNST,CARLH. 1980. Rhinoclemmysareolata.Rhinoclemmysareolata(DumerilandBibron)Furrowedland terrapinEmys areolataDumeriland Bibron, In Dumeriland Dumeril,1851:10.Type-locality,"Provincedu Peten(Amer.centr.)";restrictedtoFlores,EI Peten,GuatemalabyDunnandStuart(1951:60).Holotype,adult female,Mus. Nat. Hist. Natur.Paris 9424collectedby M. Moreletin 1847-1848(examinedby author).Malaclemmysconcentrica reolata:Gray,1855:38.Clemmysareolata:Strauch,1862:33.Chelopsusareolatus:Cope,1865:186.Nicoriapunctulariavar. areolata:Boulenger,1889:124.Geoemydapunctulariaareolata:Siebenrock,1909:498.Geomydapunctulariaareolata:Ruthven,1912:328.Geoemydareolata:Wettstein,1934:18.Geomydareolata:Pearse,1945:223.Rhinoclemysareolata:McDowell,1964:267.Rhinoclemmysareolata:SmithandTaylor, 1966:12.First useofcombination.Geoemydaereolata:Hoffmann,1969:213.Lapsuscalami.Callopsisareolata:SmithandSmith,1975:5.• CONTENT. Rhinoclemmysareolatais a monotypicspecies.• DEFINITION. Adultsgrowto206mmin carapacelength,nosexualdimorphism.The highovoid(widerposteriorlythanan-teriorly)carapaceis smoothin olderanimalsbut rugosein theyoung.It bearsa middorsalkeel,is slightlyserratedposteriorly,and has flaredor upturnedlateralmarginals.The colorof thecarapaceis usuallyolivewithdarkseamsandmuchyellowmot-tlingformingalichen-likepattern,buttantoblackin some.Eachpleuralhas a small yellow,often dark bordered,centralspotwhichdisappearswithage.The unhingedplastronis welldevel-oped,slightlyupturnedanteriorly,andnotchedposteriorly;it isyellowwitha darkcentralblotchanddarkseams.The bridgeisyellow.The headis small,has a slightlyprojectingsnout,andhasa notchedupperjaw. A yellowor redstriperunsposteriorlyMAp. The solidcircle marksthetype-locality;opencirclesin-dicateotherselectedlocalities.251.1RHINOCLEMMYS AREOLATAfromtheorbitto thesideof theneck,twoelongateredor yellowspotslie onthenape,andanotherstriperunsbetweentheorbitand tympanum.Each eyelidbearsa light verticalbar. A lightstripemayrun fromthesnoutposteriorlyalongtheupperjaw tothetympanum.Thelowerjawandchinhaveblackspotsorocelli.The feetareslightlywebbed.The forelegsarecoveredwithlargeyellow,black-spottedscales.The skin in otherareasis olive,brown,or yellow.Maleshaveconcaveplastronsandslightlylon-ger tails with the ventbeyondthe carapacialmargin;femaleshaveflat plastronsand shortertails with the ventbeneaththecarapace.• DESCRIPTIONS.The bestdescriptionsof adultsare givenbyGiinther(1885),Boulenger(1889),Siebenrock(1909),Ruthven(1912),Pritchard(1967), Freiberg(1972), and Ernst (1978). Wi-nokur and Legler (1974, 1975) give descriptionsof the rostralporesandmentalglands,Parsons(1960, 1968)choanalstructure,Zug(1966)penialmorphology,Ewert(1979)theegg.• ILLUSTRATIONS.A colorphotographof an adultis in Prit-chard(1967);blackandwhitephotographsordrawingsin Giinther(1885),WermuthandMertens(1961),Freiberg(1972),andMur-phy(1973).Zug(1966)illustratesthepenis.• DISTRIBUTION.Rhinoclemmysareolataoccursin southernVeracruz,Tabasco,easternChiapastoYucatanin Mexicosouth-wardthroughBelizeandeasternGuatemala.Thereis alsoaques-tionablerecordfromtheRio Segoviaof easternHonduras(U.S.Nat. Mus. Natur.Hist. 24539).• FOSSILRECORD. No fossilsof Rhinoclemmysareolatahavebeenfound;Stuart(1934)reportsan archeologicalrecordfromUaxactun,northernEI Peten,Guatemala.• PERTINENTLITERATURE. Rhinoclemmysareolatalacksanextensiveliterature.Importantreferencesare listed by topic.Taxonomy:Strauch(1890),McDowell(1964),Ernst(1978).Type-locality:DunnandStuart(1951).Habitat:Stuart(1935).Cloacalbursae:Smith and James (1958). Choanalstructure:Parsons(1960,1968).Rostralporesandmentalglands:WinokurandLeg-ler (1974, 1975). Parasites:Pearse (1936), Herrera-RosalesC.(1951),Hoffmann(1962, 1969),ErnstandErnst (1975, 1977).De-fensiveposturing:Dodd(1978).Reproduction:Ewert(1979).• ETYMOLOGY.The specificnameareolatais derivedfromtheLatinwordareolameaningasmallopenspaceand,accordingtotheoriginaldescription,refersto thepatternonthevertebralsandmarginals.COMMENTDunnand Stuart(1951:60)objectedto Smith andTaylor's(1950:30)restrictionofthetype-localityofRhinoclemmysareolatatoLa Libertad,pointingoutthatMoreletonlyspenta nightatLaLibertadbeforecontinuingto Floreswherehe stayedsix weeksandpurchasedmanyspecimensfromnatives.Theyproposedthattheholotypeof R. areolatawasmorelikely collectedin the vi-cinityof Floresthanat La Libertad.Althoughthis is a commonturtlein someareas,its biologyis littleknownandintensivefieldstudiesareneeded.LITERATURECITEDBoulenger,GeorgeAlbert. 1889. Catalogueof the chelonians,rhynchocephalians,and crocodilesin the British Museum(NaturalHistory).London.x +311 p.Cope,EdwardD. 1865. Third contributionto the herpetologyof tropicalAmerica.Proc. Acad. Natur. Sci. Philadelphia17:185-196.Dodd,C. Kenneth,Jr. 1978. A noteonthedefensiveposturingof turtles from Belize, Central America. Herpetol. Rev.9(1):11-12.Dumeril,A. M. C., andA. Dumeril. 1851. Cataloguemetho-diquedelacollectiondesreptiles.GideetBaudryLibr.-eds.,Paris. iv +224 p.Dunn,E. R., andL. C. Stuart. 1951. Commentson somere-centrestrictionsof typelocalitiesof certainSouthandCen-tral Americanamphibiansandreptiles.Copeia1951(1):55-61.Ernst,Carl H. 1978. A revisionof theNeotropicalturtlegenusCallopsis(Testudines:Emydidae:Batagurinae).Herpetolog-ica34(2):113-134.251.2-, andEvelynM. Ernst. 1977. EctoparasitesassociatedwithNeotropicalturtlesof thegenusCallopsis(Testudines,Emy-didae,Batagurinae).Biotropica9(2):139-142.Ernst, EvelynM., and Carl H. Ernst. 1975. New hostsandlocalitiesfor turtlehelminths.Proc. Helminthol.Soc.Wash-ington42(2):176-178.Ewert,MichaelA. 1979. The embryoandits egg:developmentandnaturalhistory,p. 333-413.In M. HarlessandH. Mor-lock(eds.),Turtles.Perspectivesandresearch.Wiley-Inter-science,NewYork.Freiberg,MarcosA. 1972. Los reptiles(Reptilia),p. 447~34.In L. Cendrero(ed.),ZoologiaHispanoamericana.Vertebra-dos.EditorialPorrua,S.A., Mexico,D.F.Gray,John Edward. 1855. Catalogueof the shieldreptilesinthe collectionof the British Museum.Part I. Testudinata(tortoises).TaylorandFrancis,London.79p.Giinther,Albert C. L. G. 1885-1902(1885). ReptiliaandBa-trachia,p. xx +326.In F. D. GodmanandO. Salvin,Bio-logiaCentralia-Americana.DulauandCo., London.Herrera-RosalesC., E. 1951. Trematodesdelos queloniosdeMexico.Thesis(Mexico),Mexico,D.F. 69p.Hoffmann,Anita. 1962. Monografiade los Ixodoideade Me-xico.1Parte.Rev. Soc. MexicanaHist. Natur.23:191-307.- 1969. Acarospanisitosde batraciosy reptilesen Mexico.Rev. Latinamer.Microbiol.Parasitol.11(4):209-215.McDowell,SamuelB. 1964. Partitionof the genusClemmysandrelatedproblemsin thetaxonomyof theaquaticTestu-dinidae.Proc. Zool.Soc.London143(2):239-279.Murphy,JamesB. 1973. A reviewof diseasesandtreatmentof captive chelonians:turbellarians-trematodes-cestodes-acanthocephalanworms-nematodes-insects-myiasis.HISSNews-J. 1(5):139-150.Parsons,ThomasS. 1960. The structureof thechoanaeof theEmydinae(Testudines,Testudinidae).Bull. Mus. CompoZool.123(4):113-127.- 1968. Variationin thechoanalstructureof Recentturtles.CanadianJ. Zool.46(6):1235-1263.Pearse,A. S. 1936. Parasitesfrom Yucatan.CarnegieInst.WashingtonPub!.(457):45-59.- 1945. La fauna.Enciclopediayucatanense1:109-271.Pritchard,PeterC. H. 1967. Livingturtlesof theworld.T. F.H. Publ., Inc., JerseyCity, NewJersey.288p.Ruthven,AlexanderG. 1912. Theamphibiansandreptilescol-lectedby theUniversityof Michigan-WalkerExpeditioninsouthern Vera Cruz, Mexico. Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst.32(4):295-332.Siebenrock,Friedrich. 1909. SynopsisderrezentenSchildkro..ten, mit Beriicksichtigungder in Historischerzeit Ausger-storbenerArten.Zool.Jahrb. Suppl.(10,pt. 3):427~18.Smith,HobartM., andLouis F. James. 1958. The taxonomicsignificanceofcloacalbursaein turtles.Trans.KansasAcad.Sci. 61(1):86-96.-, andRozellaB. Smith. 1975. An analysisof theknowledgeof theturtlefaunaof Mexico.Chelonia2(3):3--8.-, andEdwardH. Taylor. 1950. An annotatedchecklistandkeyto thereptilesof Mexicoexclusiveof snakes.U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. (199):v+253.-, and.,.- 1966. Herpetologyof Mexico.Annotatedchecklistsand keys to the amphibiansand reptiles.(Reprint).EricLundberg,Ashton,Maryland.Strauch,Alexander. 1862. ChelonologischeStudien,mit be-sondererBeziehungaufdie SchildkrotensammlungderKai-serlichenAkademieder Wissenschaftenzu St. Petersburg.Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg,ser. 7, 5(7):1-196.1890. Bemerkungeniiber die SchildkrotensammlungimzoologischenMuseumder KaiserlichenAkademieder Wis-senschaftenzu St. Petersbourg.Ibid. ser.7, 38(2):1-127.Stuart, L. C. 1934. A contributionto the knowledgeof theherpetologicalfaunaof EI Peten,Guatemala.Occas. Pap.Mus. Zool.Univ. Michigan(292):1-18.1935. A contributionto a knowledgeof theherpetologyofa portionof thesavannaregionof centralPeten,Guatemala.Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool.Univ. Michigan(29):1-56.Wermuth,Heinz, and R. Mertens. 1961. Schildkroten.Kro-kodile.Briichenechsen.G. Fischer,Jena. 422p.Wettstein,Otto. 1934. Ergebnisseder osterreichischenbiolo-gischenCosta Rica-Expedition1930.Die AmphibienundReptilien.Sitzungsber.Acad. Wiss. WienMathem.-Naturw.Kl. Abt. I, 1(143):1-39:Winokur,RobertM., andJohn M. Legler. 1974. Rostralporesin turtles.J. Morphol.143(1):107-120.-, and- 1975. Chelonianmentalglands.Ibid. 147(3):275-292.Zug,GeorgeR. 1966. The penialmorphologyandtherelation-shipsof cryptodiranturtles.Occas.Pap. Mus. Zoo!.Univ.Michigan(647):1-24.C. H. ERNST,GEORGEMASONUNIVERSITY,FAIRFAX,VIRGINIA22030.Primaryeditorfor thisaccount,GeorgeZug.Published13August1980and Copyright1980by the SOCIETYFORTHE STUDYOFAMPHIBIANSANDREPTILES.