国立国語研究所The National Language Research Institute同じ目的をもつ言語行動でも,その実現の仕方はさまざまであり得る。本稿では,言語行動の行われ方を記述し,その特徴を多角的にとらえるための分析の観点を提案する。観点の収集にあたっては,大量調査資料を用いて同一場面におけるさまざまな話者の言語行動を分析し,バリエーションがあらわれる諸側面を考察した。そして,その所見をもとに,言語行動一般の特徴分析に有効と思われる以下の観点を抽出した。○全体的な構成:長さと複雑さ,はたらきかけの組み合せ,表現類型の組み合せ,「核」となるはたらきかけのあり方○はたらきかけの表現:表現類型,インパクトの強さや情報伝達の明確さを調節する表現,スピーチレベル,各種伝達手段(言話,パラ言語,非言語)の使い方○行動上の指向性:日的達成指向/対人配慮指向のあらわれ方This paper proposes factors to be considered in the multidimensional analysis of interpersonal linguistic behaviors. A linguistic behavior may be realized in a variety of ways, depending upon the speakers, the context, etc. This paper attempts to elucidate the linguistic and behavioral factors involved in the production of various linguistic behaviors; it also explores the possibility of characterizing the factors that might permit one to objectively explain everyday descriptions of linguistic behaviors, such as "a businesslike request", "warm advice", etc. Based upon an examination of the data (discourse-completion-type answers from 397 Japanese informants) from a sociolinguistic survey conducted by the National Language Research Institute, variation was observed in the use of interactional moves, sentence patterns, expressions (words and phrases), honorifics, and paralinguistic and nonverbal communication. Based upon observations made of the data, the following factors were extracted to be applied to the multidimensional analysis of linguistic behaviors in general. ・ overall structure of linguistic behaviors - length and complexity - combination of interactional moves - combination of sentence patterns - type and position of the "nuclear" move ・ expressions - sentence patterns - hedges and intensifiers - mode of providing information - speech levels - paralinguistic and nonverbal communication ・ orientation - goal achievement vs. politenes
