A graph with v vertices and e edges is said to be vertex magic total labeling graph if there is a one to one map taking the vertices and edges onto the integers 1,2,+e with the property that the sum of the label on the vertex and the labels of its incident edges is constant, independent of the choice of the vertex. An ideal space is a triplet, where X is a nonempty set, Ï„ is a topology, I is an ideal of subsets of X. In this paper we characterize connected vertex magic total labeling graphs through the ideals in topological spaces. Keywords: Vertex magic total labeling graphs, ideal, topological space, Euler graph

Amutha, R. Senthil

Murugesan, N.

English

International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals

Journal of Information Engineering and Applications www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-5758 (print) ISSN 2224-896X (online) Vol 1, No.1, 2011 22 |  P a g ewww.iiste.org   Characterization of connected Vertex Magic Total labeling graphs in Topological ideals   R. Senthil Amutha (Corresponding author) Sree Saraswathi Thyagaraja College, Palani road. Pollachi, Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India-642107 Tel: 919095763332   E-mail: rsamutha@rediffmail.com    N. Murugesan Government Arts College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Tel: 91948722309   E-mail: nmgson@yahoo.co.in  Abstract A graph with v vertices and e edges is said to be vertex magic total labeling graph if there is a one to one map taking the vertices and edges onto the integers 1,2,…v+e with the property that the sum of the label on the vertex and the labels of its incident edges is constant, independent of the choice of the vertex. An ideal space is a triplet (X,τ,I) where X is a nonempty set, τ is a topology, I is an ideal of subsets of X. In this paper we characterize connected vertex magic total labeling graphs through the ideals in topological spaces. Keywords: Vertex magic total labeling graphs, ideal, topological space, Euler graph. 1.Introduction A graph G = { V, E } has vertex set V=V(G) and the edge set  E= E(G) and e =│E│ and v = │V│. Various topologies like combinatorial topology, ideal topology, mesh based topology, tree based topology were defined on the vertex set and edge set of a graph [8]. The graphs considered here are finite, simple and undirected. A general reference for graph theory notations is from West, Gary Chartrand and Ping Zhang,. A circuit in a graph is called Eulerian circuit if it contains every edge of G. A connected graph that contains an Eulerian circuit is called Eulerian graph.  A labeling for a graph is an assignment of labels, usually numbers to its vertices or its edges or sometimes to both of them. There are various attempts on labelings of graphs in the literature. Gallian completely compiled the survey of the graph labeling. MacDougall, Mirka Miller & Slamin & Wallis introduced vertex magic total  labelings of graphs. Manohar and Thangavelu studied the characterization of  Eulerian graphs through the concept of ideals in topological spaces for connected graphs, where as in this paper we study the characterization of  connected vertex magic total labeling graphs through the ideals in topological spaces.  Let G = {V, E} be a simple graph with v = │V│and e =│E│. A one to one and onto mapping f from V∪E to the finite subset {1,2,…,v+e} of natural numbers such that for every vertex x, f(x) + f(xyi) = k, where yi’s are vertices adjacent to x is called a vertex magic total labeling graph or  VMTL graph. The path P3 is VMTL with constant k = 7. A connected VMTL graph is both connected and VMTL in nature. It is also noted that all connected graphs are not vertex magic total labeling in nature, as a vertex magic total labeling graph may contain one isolated vertex. A nonempty collection of subsets of a set X is said to be an ideal on X , if it satisfies (i) If A∈I and B⊆A, then B∈I and (ii) If A∈I and B∈I , then A∪B∈ I. The idea of localization of the properties in connection with ideals in  the topological spaces was treated in a general manner by Kurtowski. By a space ( X, τ ), we mean a topological space X with a topology τ defined on X. For a given point x in a space ( X, τ ), the system of open neighbourhoods of x is denoted by N(x) = {U ∈ τ / x∈U }. For a given subset A of a space ( X, τ ), the closure of a subset A of a topological space X with respect to the topology τ is defined as the intersection of all closed sets containing A and  denoted by cl(A). An ideal space is a triplet (X, τ, I), where X is a nonempty set, τ is a topology on X and I is an ideal of subsets of X. Let (X, τ, I) be an ideal space. Then A* ( I, τ) = { x ∈ X/A∩U ∉ I for every U∈ N(x)} is called the local function of A with respect to I and τ.  A*(I, τ) can also be noted as A*(I) or simply A*. Journal of Information Engineering and Applications www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-5758 (print) ISSN 2224-896X (online) Vol 1, No.1, 2011 23 |  P a g ewww.iiste.org  2.Basic results The basic results are considered as defined by Manohar and Thangavelu . 2.1.Result For an ideal space (X, τ, I), if I =P(X), then A*(I) = Ø for every A⊆X. 2.2.Result  If ( X, τ ) is a topological space and X is finite then A*(I) = Ø for every A⊆X if and only if I = P(X). 2.3.Result Let ( X, τ ) be a topological space and I be an ideal defined on it . Then A*(I) = cl(A) for every A⊆X if I = {Ø }. 2.4.Result Let (X,τ) be a topological space and I be an ideal defined on it . Then A*(I) = cl(A) for every A⊆X if and only if  I = {Ø }. 2.5.Result A connected graph G is Eulerian if and only if all of the vertices of G are of even degree. 3.Characterization of connected Vertex magic total labeling graphs 3.1Theorem A connected VMTL graph G is an Euler graph if and only if all vertices of G are of even degree. Proof:  The proof is obvious from the result 2.5, as a connected graph G is Eulerian if and only if all of the vertices of G are of even degree, it is same for a connected VMTL graph. 3.2 Theorem. Let G be a connected VMTL graph and S be the set of all even degree vertices of G. Let τ be a topology defined on V(G) and I be the ideal of collection of all subsets of S. Then {v}* = Ø if and only if deg(v) is even for any v ∈ V(G). Proof :  Let  v1∈ V(G)  and { v 1}* = Ø. Since {v1}* = Ø  for every v ∈ V(G), there exists U∈ N(v) such that  U ∩{ v 1} ∈ I (since I is the ideal of collection of all subsets of S). In particular, if v = v1 there exists U∈ N(v1) such that U ∩{ v 1} = {v1}∈ I. Therefore, deg (v1) is even. Conversely, if deg(v) is even, {v}∈ I. Then { v}*	 is	empty.  3.3 Theorem. Let G be a connected VMTL graph and τ be a topology defined on V(G).Let S be the set of all even degree vertices of G. Let I be the ideal of collection of all subsets of S. Then the graph is Eulerian  if and only if {v}* = Ø for every v ∈ V(G). Proof:  By theorem 3.1, A connected VMTL graph G is an Eulerian  graph if and only if all vertices of G are of even degree. By theorem 3.2, for connected VMTL graph and S be the set of  all even degree vertices of G. Let τ be a topology defined on V(G) and I be the ideal of collection of all subsets of S. Then {v}* = Ø if and only if deg (v) is even for any v ∈ V(G). Hence  the theorem. 3.4 Theorem  Let G be a connected VMTL graph and τ be a topology defined on V(G).Let S be the set of all odd  degree vertices of G. Let I be the ideal of collection of all subsets of S. Then {v}* = Ø if and only if deg (v) is odd for every v ∈ V(G). Proof:   Let v i ∈ V(G)  and { v i}* = Ø. Since { v i}* = Ø  for every v ∈ V(G), there exists U∈ N(v) such that U ∩{ v i}∈ I. In particular , if v = vi there exists U∈ N(vi) such that U ∩{ v i}= {vi}∈ I . Therefore,  deg (vi) is odd. Conversely, if deg (v) is odd, { v}∈ I. Then {v}*	is	empty.  3.5 Theorem  Let G be a connected VMTL graph and τ be a topology defined on V(G). Let S be the set of all odd degree vertices of G. Let I be the ideal of collection of all subsets of S. Then the graph is Eulerian if and only if {v}* ≠ Ø for every v ∈ V(G). Proof:  Assume that G is Eulerian. By theorem 3.1, all the vertices of G are of even degree.  By theorem 3.4, G is a connected VMTL graph and τ be a topology defined on V(G), S be the set of all odd  degree vertices of G, I be the ideal of collection of all subsets of S. Then {v}* = Ø if and only if deg (v) is odd  for every v ∈ V(G). 3.6 Theorem Journal of Information Engineering and Applications www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-5758 (print) ISSN 2224-896X (online) Vol 1, No.1, 2011 24 |  P a g ewww.iiste.org  Let G be a connected VMTL graph and τ be a topology defined on V(G). Let S be the set of all even degree vertices of G. Let  I be the ideal of collection of all subsets of S. Then the graph is Eulerian  if and only if A*(I) = Ø		for	every	A⊆VG.	Proof :  Assume that G is Eulerian. By theorem 3.1, all the vertices of G are of even degree. Then P(V) =  P(S). By result 2.1, A*(I) = Ø for every A⊆V(G).Conversely assume A*(I) = Ø for every A⊆V(G). By result (ii) I = P(S) = P(V). Then by  theorem 3.1 the graph G is Eulerian.	3.7 Theorem Let G be a connected VMTL graph and τ be a topology defined on V(G).Let S be the set of all odd  degree vertices of G. Let  I be the ideal of collection of all subsets of S. Then the graph is Eulerian  if and only if A*(I) = 	clA	for	every	A⊆VG.	Proof: 	By	 result	 2.4,	 for a topological space 	 X,	 τ ) and I be an ideal defined on it , then A*(I) = cl(A) for every A⊆X if I = {Ø} . Then by theorem 3.1, a connected VMTL graph G is an Euler graph if and only if all vertices of G are of even degree , here I= {Ø}.  4.Conclusion In this paper we have seen few theorems which characterize connected vertex magic total labeling graphs through the ideals in topological spaces of vertices of graphs. A further study on connected VMTL graphs through ideals in topological spaces can also be attempted. References Gallian J. A. (1998), “A dynamic survey of graph labeling”, Electronic J. Combinatorics 5,#DS6 Gary Chartrand and Ping Zhang, “Introduction to Graph theory”, Tata Mc Graw –Hill Publishing company Limited, New Delhi. Jankovic.D. and Hamlett . T.R. (1990), “New Topologies from old via ideals”, Amer. Math. Monthly, 97, 285-310. Kuratowski.K, “Topology”, Vol I, Academic press, Newyork. MacDougall J.A, Mirka Miller & Slamin & Wallis W.D, “ Vertex-magic total labelings of graphs”, Utilitas Math. 61 (2002) 68-76. MacDougall, J.A., Mirka Miller & Slamin & Wallis W.D., “On Vertex-magic total labelings of complete graphs”, docserver.carma.newcastle.edu.au/812/.../macdougall_jim_vlabelkn...  Manohar, R. and Thangavelu, P. (2009)., “New characterizations of Eulerian graphs via topological ideals”, Acta ciencia indica, Vol XXXV M, No.4, 1175  Ruchira Goel, Prashant Agrawal and Minakshi Gaur (2008), “Trivial topologies of the set of graphs”, Acta Ciencia Indica, Vol XXXIV M,No.3, 1411-1415. West, D. B. (2001), “An Introduction to Graph Theory (Second edition)”, Prentice-Hall.  Note 1. This is an example of theorem 3.1 The complete graph K5 is VMTL [6] with degree of each vertex being 4 and k = 35 AS in figure 2, is of even degree and an Euler circuit exists in it. Note 2. These are examples of theorem 3.2 Example.1. Let G = K3,3-e be a connected VMTL graph as in  [5] and S be the set of  all even degree vertices of G. Let τ be a topology defined on V(G) and I be the ideal of collection of all subsets of S  v1 v2 v3 v4 v5 v6 Journal of Information Engineering and Applications www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-5758 (print) ISSN 2224-896X (online) Vol 1, No.1, 2011 25 |  P a g ewww.iiste.org  Fig 3.- K3,3-e Let  V(G) = {v1,v2,v3,v4,v5,v6}, S = {v1,v4}, I1= P(S) = { Ø, {v1 }, { v4},{v1,v4}},  τ = { Ø, {v1 },V}, U = Ø or {v1} or V By the definition of the local function of A, A*(I, τ) = {x∈X	/	A∩U	∉	I1	for	every	U	∈Nx'	By	definition	,	here	A*+	,v1'*,	the	system	of	open	neighbourhoods	is	given	by		N(x) = {U ∈ τ / x∈U	',	Here	it	is	Nv1	+	,	v1,	V	'	The	local	function	of	v	1	with	respect	to	I1	and	τ is  ,v1'*	+	,vi∈	S/	v1∩	U	∉	I1	for	every	U	∈	Nv1'	+	Ø Example. 2. Let G = K3 be a connected VMTL graph and S be the set of all even degree vertices of G. Let τ be a topology defined on V(G) and I be the ideal of collection of all subsets of S  Fig 4. - K3 Let V(G) = {v1,v2,v3},  S = {v1,v2,v3},  I1= P(S) = { Ø, {v1 },{ v2},{v3},{v1,v2},{v2,v3},{v1,v3},{v1,v2,v3}},  τ = { Ø, {v1 },V}, U = Ø or {v1 }or V By the definition of the local function of A, A*(I, τ) = {x∈X/A∩U	∉	I1	for	every	U	∈Nx'	By	definition	A*+	,v1'*,	the	system	of	open	neighbourhoods	is	given	by		N(x) = {U ∈ τ / x∈U	',	Here	it	is	Nv1	+	,	v1,	V'	The	local	function	of	v	1	with	respect	to	I1	and	τ is  ,v1'*	+	,vi∈	S/	v1∩	U	∉	I1	for	every	U	∈	Nv1'	+	Ø Note 3.This is an example of theorem 3.4 Let G be a connected VMTL graph and S be the set of all odd degree vertices of G. Let τ be a topology defined on V(G) and I be the ideal of collection of all subsets of S Let V(G) = {v1, v2,v3 ,v4,v5, v6}, S = { v2,v3,v5, v6},   I= P(S) = { Ø, {v2},{v3 },{v2,v3 }},  τ = { Ø, {v2 },V}, U = Ø or {v2 }or V,   Nv2	+	,	v2,	V'.	Then	,v2'*	+	Ø Fig.1-Path P3  Table.1-VMTL labeling of K5         The vertex magic labeling of K5 is given in the table 1, where the row and column titles represent the vertices and the contents inside the table represent the edges connecting between the corresponding vertices.(i.e)The edge between a and b is labeled as 10, between a and c is 2, etc. Some Euler circuits obtained are  akcmeobldna,  afbgchdieja.   λ( x) a=11        b=12     c=13       d=14      e=15 a=11 b=12 c=13 d=14 e=15    -         10        2         9          3   10         -         8         1          4    2          8        -         5          7    9          1        5         -          6    3          4        7         6          -  v3 v2 v1 5 1 3 2 4 This academic article was published by The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE).  The IISTE is a pioneer in the Open Access Publishing service based in the U.S. and Europe.  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Characterization of connected Vertex Magic Total labeling graphs in Topological ideals

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Characterization of connected Vertex Magic Total labeling graphs in Topological ideals

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