The prevalence of bacteria in solid waste dump from domestic waste in Owerri was studied. Six samples were collected from Egbu community in Owerri North and examined bacteriologically using Nutrient agar and macconkey agar and were serially diluted, cultured, identified and characterized. Five genera of bacteria were isolated. They were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp, Escherichia coli, lactobacillus sp and Corynebacterium sp and from the findings,Klebsiella exhibited the highest  number of bacterial activity (66.6%) while Corynebacterium and Iactobacillus exhibited the lowest number of bacterial activity (16.67%). Futhermore, location D had the highest total heterotropic bacterial count of 5.75x 108 and the least was location E with 6.25x107. The presence of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Cornebacteria and Klebsiella in the waste dump site is an indication that the contamination is of human and plant orign or their activities. Keywords: Nutrient agar ,macconkey agar , Staphylococcus aurous, Klebsiellasp, Escherichia coli,  Lactobacillus sp and Corynebacterium sp.

EMMANUEL E, ONUOHA,

Ezechi, Ebe, Tochukwu

Feechi, Njoku-Tony, Roseline

Ifeyinwa  C, Mgbemena,

JONATHAN, ANYANWU .

KELECHI C., EDWARD

English

International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals

Journal of Environment and Earth Science                                                                                                                                        www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3216 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0948 (Online) Vol.5, No.12, 2015  73 Bacteria Associated with Domestic Solid Waste Dump in Egbu, Owerri North Local Government Area in Imo State, Nigeria.  EBE, TOCHUKWU EZECHI* 1, MGBEMENA, IFEYINWA  C 2 , NJOKU-TONY, ROSELINE FEECHI 3 ONUOHA, EMMANUEL E4 ANYANWU JONATHAN.5 and EDWARD KELECHI C.6 1,  3 and 5 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT,SCHOOL  OF ENVIRONMENTAL              TECHNOLOGY,FEDERAL UNIVERSITY  OF TECHNOLOGY,P. M. B. 1526, OWERRI, IMO STATE,                      NIGERIA. 2                   BIOTECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT, SCHOOL OF SCIENCES, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, P. M. B. 1526, OWERRI, IMO STATE, NIGERIA. 4                     KEYSTONE BANK LIMITED, 168 AKOWONJO ROAD EGBEDA, LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA. 6                    Microbiology Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. *PHONE NUMBER: +2348034954739, * E-MAIL:  akumzirit2@yahoo.com ABSTRACT The prevalence of bacteria in solid waste dump from domestic waste in Owerri was studied. Six samples were collected from Egbu community in Owerri North and examined bacteriologically using Nutrient agar and macconkey agar and were serially diluted, cultured, identified and characterized. Five genera of bacteria were isolated. They were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp, Escherichia coli, lactobacillus sp and Corynebacterium sp and from the findings,Klebsiella exhibited the highest  number of bacterial activity (66.6%) while Corynebacterium and Iactobacillus exhibited the lowest number of bacterial activity (16.67%). Futhermore, location D had the highest total heterotropic bacterial count of 5.75x 108 and the least was location E with 6.25x107. The presence of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Cornebacteria and Klebsiella in the waste dump site is an indication that the contamination is of human and plant orign or their activities. Keywords: Nutrient agar ,macconkey agar , Staphylococcus aurous, Klebsiellasp, Escherichia coli,  Lactobacillus sp and Corynebacterium sp.  Journal of Environment and Earth Science                                                                                                                                        www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3216 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0948 (Online) Vol.5, No.12, 2015  74 1.0 INTRODUCTION Bacteria can be described as the simplest and smallest form of plant life. Bacteria exist in large numbers in air, water, and soil and also in a dead and living creatures and plants, and often cause diseases. Domestic waste is waste generated by house hold sources that is collected and either recycles, incinerated or disposed in municipal solid waste landfills. Domestic waste is mainly organic matter such as vegetables waste food etc and few inorganic wastes such as newspaper, clothing, etc. A solid waste generation is a function of land use and its composition is inversely proportional to the potential solid damage and bacterial contamination of the environment and public health (Lobber, 1996, Omuta, 1999 and Shakibaie et al., 2009). Thus a healthy environment is dependence upon the maintenance of proper wastes disposal practices. The increased population density in modern Nigeria is generating a massive amount of domestic wastes, to the extent that failure of local authorities to cope adequately with waste collection has resulted in indiscriminate dumping of waste, (Olaore, 1983). In natural environments, such as soil or the surfaces of plants, the majority of bacteria are bound to surfaces in biofilms (Branda et al., 2005). Bacteria growth follows three phases when a population of bacteria first enter a high nutrient environment that allows growth, the cells need to adapt to their new environment. The first phase of growth is the log phase, a period of slow growth when the cells adapting the high nutrient environment and preparing for fast growth. The log phase has high biosynthesis rates, as proteins necessary for rapid growth are produced (Prats et al., 2006). This work is aimed at identification and prevalence of bacteria in this location.  2.0 METHODOLOGY 2.1    TEST SAMPLE  The samples used for this study were domestic solid wastes collected from different household waste dumps in Egbu, Owerri North L.G.A., Imo State of Nigeria on the 21ST September, 2013. 2.2 COLLECTION OF SAMPLES A total of six (A-F) domestic solid wastes were collected using sterile cellophane bag disinfected with absolute alcohol. These samples were collected differently and were transported to the microbiology laboratory at Federal University of Technology Owerri for examination and analysis. 2.3 PROCEDURE 40g of waste in 150ml distilled water contained in sterile conical flask (250ml) stoppard with cotton wool and wrapped in foil and left for an hour. Mixture, was filtered using fine silky cloth which was sterilized with autoclave, and were serially diluted and cultured on Nutrient agar and Macconkey media using pour plate technique (Nwanebu et al., 2007). All the plates inoculated were incubated at 370c in reduced carbon dioxide tension, for 24hours and examined for bacterial growth. All the isolate after 24hours incubation were characterized and identified using standard methods as in Nwanebu et al., (2007).  3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 MICROORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE DUMPS  The study showed that five genera of bacteria, three gram positive and two gram negative organisms (bacterial) were associated with the domestic solid waste dumps collected  in Egbu, Owerri  North L.G.A. among the organisms isolated the  most prevalent bacteria associated with the solid waste was  Klebsiella sp. From the seven samples analyzed, Klebsiella sp was found present in four different samples (A-D), followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Esherichia coli (A, B, and F), (C, D AND F) respectively while the least bacteria was found were Corynebacterium and Lactobacillus sp (D and E) respectively. Five genera of bacteria were isolated from the waste analyses and Klebsiella sp was most common organism present.    Journal of Environment and Earth Science                                                                                                                                        www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3216 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0948 (Online) Vol.5, No.12, 2015  75 TABLE 1: PERCENTAGE OF EACH BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH DOMESTIC WASTE  Samples  Staphylococcus sp Klebsiella sp Corynebacterium sp Escherichia sp Lactobacillus sp  A 1 1 - - - B 1 1 - - - C - 1 - 1 - D - 1 1 1 - E - - - - 1 F 1 - - 1 - TOTAL 3 4 1 3 1 %AGE 50.00 66.67 16.67 50.00 16.67 Klebsiellasp has the highest percentage occurrence, followed by  Staphylococcusspand Escherichia sp. Then the least occurred in Corynebacteriumsp and Lactobacillus sp Table 2: Total Heterotrophic Bacteria Count Sample Count Total Count Total Mean A 130 1.3X108 92 9.2X108 5.3X108 B 150 1.5X108 97 9.7X 108 5.6X 108 C 93 9.3X107 80 8.0X 108 8.7X107 D 160 1.6X108 99 9.9X 108 5.75X108 E 35 3.5X107 90 9.0X 107 6.25X107 F 190 1.9X108 94 9.4X 108 5.65X108 Location F has the highest bacterial count, this is followed by D and the least is location E.   3.2 DISCUSSION Although many of the bacteria species isolated in this study were not themselves pathogenic or directly indicative of the presence of other disease carrying organisms, the number of heterotrophic bacteria (HTB) at a particular distributed sampling site may indicate deterioration in the microbiological quality in that environment. The finding agrees with the report of previous works done by  (Norton and Lechuevallier, 2002, Colford et al., 2002). The predominant genera were the Klebsiella sp, Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium sp, Staphylococcus sp and Lactobacillus sp. These are considered ubiquitous and opportunistic pathogens by forming spores and Journal of Environment and Earth Science                                                                                                                                        www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3216 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0948 (Online) Vol.5, No.12, 2015  76 becoming dehydrated. Dehydrated spores can then be packaged and sold as viable cultures. Waste becomes a limited liability in an ecological area, acquiring the spread of ticks, mosquitoes, rodents etc.  Although the bacteria are not hazardous to healthy individuals, it is possible that some of them in addition to legionellae and Nonturbaculosis mycobacterium are opportunistic pathogens and could be hazardous to those body defenses that are compromised. The populations at greatest potential risk of exposure are infants and toddlers,  who may ingest soil through mouthing of hands, toys and other hap ten objects. It has been reported that infants and toddler ingest 10mg to 10g day -1 of soil (Lewis et al., 1994). Other  pathogens like the  prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas sp. in dried materials during bedding, handling handkerchiefs , sweeping  floor account for the entry of microorganisms in human population (Nandalal and Somasheka 2007) and represent a significant microbial disease health risk, epidemics may occur periodically as a result.  While the most common bacteria associated with the samples were Klebsiella, Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli, these little variations may be as a result of the difference in the waste dump sites. 4.0 CONCLUSION The research suggest that there is need for control dumping of wastes into the commons by source recovery and or intermediate point sources where wastes could be held for treatment or combined for neutralization and treatment before being brought to common refuse areas. Conclusively, the presence of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp Corynebacterium and Klebsiella sp in the waste indicate possible contamination of the human and animal origin or activities, while lactobacterium sp might be as a result of the bacteria that are helping in the degrading of the waste.  REFERENCES Branda S.,Vik S., Friedman L. and Kilter R. (2005). “Biofilms: the matrix revisited” Trends Microbial 13 (1) 20 – 26. Colford, J.M.Jr., J.R. Rees, T.J. Wade, A.Khalakdina, J.F Hilton,  D.J. Vugia, D.D.Juranck and D.A. Levy (2002). “Participant blinding and gastrointestinal illness in s randomized controlled trial of an in-home drinking water intervention Emerge”. Infect Dis. 8, 29-36. Lewis, R. G., Bond, A. E., Fortman, R. C. and Camann, D. E. (1994).“Evaluation of methods for monitoring the exposure of small children to pesticides in the residential environment”.Arch. Environ. Contam.Toxicol, 26: 37-46. Lober, D. J. (1996).“Municipal solid waste policy and public participation in household source reduction”.J. Inter-solid Waste Ass. 14: 29-35. Nandalal, P. and Somasheka, R. K. (2007).“Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in indoor air flora of district  hospital in Madya, Karataka”.J. Environ. Biol. 28: 197-200. Norton, C. D. and Lechevallier, M. W. (2002). “A pilot of bacteriological populations changes through potable water treatment and distribution”. Appl. Environ. Microbial. 66:268-270. Nwanebu, F. E., Ogbulie, T. and Akujobi, C. A. (2007). “The bacteriology of some food products sold in Owerri, Imo State”. International J. of Biotechnology and Allied Sciences. 2 (2): 213- 219. Olaore, G. O. (1993). “A population growth and environmental pollution: population and development in Nigeria”. Nigeria Institute of Social and Economic Research, Ibadan.89-104. Omuta, G. E. D. (1999). “Towards a sustainable environmental culture in Nigeria”.Daily Sketch Nigeria. 21659. Prats, C., Lopez, D. and Afemer, J. (2006). “Individual based modeling of bacteria cultures to study the microscopic cause of the lag phase”. J. Theor. Biol. 241 (4): 939-953. Shakibaie, M. R. K. A., Jalilzade, H. and Yamakanamardi, S. M. (2009).“Horizontal transferof antibiotic resistance genes among gram negative bacteria in sewage and lake water and influence of some physico-chemical parameters of water on conjunction process”. J. Environ. Biol. 29: 45-49.     The IISTE is a pioneer in the Open-Access hosting service and academic event management.  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Bacteria Associated with Domestic Solid Waste Dump in Egbu, Owerri North Local Government Area in Imo State, Nigeria.

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Bacteria Associated with Domestic Solid Waste Dump in Egbu, Owerri North Local Government Area in Imo State, Nigeria.

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