Green Supply Chain Management  has emerged as a comparatively newfangled area of supply chain management in Bangladesh. Implementation  of green supply chain management practices has been directed by the ever-increasing demand of protection of the environment in various sectors across the country, especially in the capital Dhaka. Several business institutions are dealing with the issue of sustainability in the supply chain by employing green Supply Chain Management .The study analyzes various green logistics practices implemented by different superstores in Dhaka. Primary data were collected through a pre-assigned questionnaire which included questions towards the respondents regarding green logistics practices employed. The respondents of the study were the branch or outlet managers or their counterpart in various superstores in Dhaka. The sample size of the study was 90 drawn randomly from different locations in Dhaka. Data were analyzed applying Pearson’s correlation coefficient, test of significance etc. via SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science). Significance was determined with p-value ≤ 0.01. Findings of the study revealed highly significant correlation between arrangement of seminar and workshop with management of greening and tree plantation. One limitation of the study was the fact that some of the respondents were a bit diffident to give enough time as the superstores were going through busy schedules most of the time. Keywords: Supply chain management, Pearson’s correlation coefficient,  test of significance. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/11-16-08 Publication date:June 30th 201

Ahmmed, Md. Mortuza

Hossain, Md. Shahadat

Md Tusar, Abu Syef

Salim, Zahir Raihan

English

International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals

European Journal of Business and Management                                                                                                                               www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) DOI: 10.7176/EJBM Vol.11, No.16, 2019  61 Green Supply Chain Management  Practices by Superstores in Bangladesh: A Case Study in Dhaka  Zahir Raihan Salim* Senior Lecturer, College of Business Administration, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT), Bangladesh  Md. Mortuza Ahmmed Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, American International University - Bangladesh (AIUB), Bangladesh  Md. Shahadat Hossain Operation Executive, Daraz Group Bangladesh  Abu Syef Md Tusar Operation Executive ,Daraz Group Bangladesh  Abstract  Green Supply Chain Management  has emerged as a comparatively newfangled area of supply chain management in Bangladesh. Implementation  of green supply chain management practices has been directed by the ever-increasing demand of protection of the environment in various sectors across the country, especially in the capital Dhaka. Several business institutions are dealing with the issue of sustainability in the supply chain by employing green Supply Chain Management .The study analyzes various green logistics practices implemented by different superstores in Dhaka. Primary data were collected through a pre-assigned questionnaire which included questions towards the respondents regarding green logistics practices employed. The respondents of the study were the branch or outlet managers or their counterpart in various superstores in Dhaka. The sample size of the study was 90 drawn randomly from different locations in Dhaka. Data were analyzed applying Pearson’s correlation coefficient, test of significance etc. via SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science). Significance was determined with p-value ≤ 0.01. Findings of the study revealed highly significant correlation between arrangement of seminar and workshop with management of greening and tree plantation. One limitation of the study was the fact that some of the respondents were a bit diffident to give enough time as the superstores were going through busy schedules most of the time.  Keywords: Supply chain management, Pearson’s correlation coefficient,  test of significance. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/11-16-08 Publication date:June 30th 2019  Introduction: Supply Chain Management  infers to a scale of management and control over consignment activities that contemporary technology has transported into being. It has emerged as one of the most significant advances in the retail industry. Greenness is something that includes an extensive range of environmental trepidations employed to recommend harmonization with the environment. If we put together the two words ‘logistics’ and ‘green’, it would suggest an environmentally-friendly and effectual supply chain management system (Rodrigue et al 2001).Green supply management is related to organization's attempts to lessen its effect on the environment by reducing contamination to air, water and land as well as abating energy consumption (Edmonton (2013). The concept of green Supply Chain Management will enable in avant-garde policies for issues related to the overall environment. Environmental certifications, pollution prevention, reverse logistics, life-cycle assessment and design for the environment are the five possible green supply chain management practices (Klassen and Johnson, 2005).It was found in an experimental study considering six components of green supply chain management including eco design, green manufacturing and packaging, environmental participation, green marketing, stock and suppliers that organizations focusing on green logistics were successful players against their competitors(Shang el al., 2010).A newfangled and distinct addition in the retail store sector in Bangladesh is the commencement of superstores. The superstores segment of the country was on a growing trend since the instigation of Agora back in 2001 (Islam et al., 2017). The objective of this study is to have an approximate idea about the extent of implementation of green logistics by various superstores in Bangladesh.  Literature Review: As in the quality revolution of the 1980s and the supply chain revolution of the 1990s, it has become clear that the best practices call for integration of environmental management with ongoing operations (SK Srivastava 2007). European Journal of Business and Management                                                                                                                               www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) DOI: 10.7176/EJBM Vol.11, No.16, 2019  62 Green supply chain management is gaining increasing interest among researchers and practitioners of operations and supply chain management (SK Srivastava 2007).However it is not just about being environment friendly; it is about good business sense and highest profits. In fact, it is a business value driver and not a cost center (Wilkerson 2005). Some companies addressed environmental management as a good business practices and initiated environmentally friendly is not only about driving cost , but creating value for business ( Wilkerson, 2005) and improving financial performance. (Zhu and Sarkis, 2004). Sufficient literature exists about various aspects and facets of Green Supply chain management. Comprehensive reviews on green design ( Zhang et al. 1997) production planning and control for remanufacturing ( Bras and McIntosh 1999; Guide 2000; guide et al. 1997a,b). issues in green manufacturing. Sufficient literature also exists in the related areas of green (Zhu and Geng 2001). Earlier works and reviews have a limited focus and narrow perspective. There is not enough aspects and facets  Green Supply Chain management. Although Ahi and Searcy (2013) identified 22 different definitions for green Supply Chain management,  we identified Green Supply Chain management as “integrating environmental thinking into supply chain managements including product design, material sourcing and selection, manufacturing processes, delivery of the final products to the consumer as well as  end of life management of the products after its useful life ( Srivastava 2007)”. Companies have realized that integration of environmental management practices across all departments of organization is necessary for the best outcome ( Srivastava, 2007). Such change was a customer-driven process along with pressure from stakeholders and competitors of focal company supply chains ( Seuring et al., 2005). According to Srivastava (2007) Green supply chain management’s scope ranges from reactive monitoring of general environmental management programs to more proactive practices implemented through various Rs like Reduce, Re-use, Rework , Refurbish, Reclaim, Recycle, remanufacture, Reverse Logistics, etc. Green retailing constitutes well –elaborated stream of research that explores a range of divergent aspects and issues, from retail sustainability challenges  (lles, 2007; Erol et al., 2009), consumer’s perception of environmental retailing performance to sustainable consumer behavior (Ytterhus et al., 1999). Kotzab and teller  (2005) consider in-store logistics as ‘hot topic due to the dominance of store-based retailing. While Reiner et al .(2013) identify ways of improving in store logistics processes for handling dairy products from the incoming dock to the shelves of supermarkets. Holweg et al. (2016) focus more on in-store logistics beyond the point of sale with respect to the economic, ecological and social benefits for retailers, as well as other stakeholder and focus more on prevention of wastage of supply chain resources. Arguments regarding greening in-store processes require companies to appropriately manage their own resources and processes before demanding related actions from their suppliers or customers (Vachon and Klassen, 2006). A growing number of food retailers are concerned about the impact of their business activities on the environment (Piacentini et al., 2000). The retailers implement environmentally responsible activities, mainly at the company level, which are then extended to stores (Jones et al., 2005). Lehner (2015) argues that retail stores are significant contributors to the operationalization of sustainable consumption. Environmental practices that retailers pursue in store include energy efficiency, waste reduction and the use of renewable energy (Lai et al., 2010).  Methodology The analytical results are from a sample of 90 superstores in Dhaka city. Information was collected through a pre-designed questionnaire. The questionnaire contains questions regarding obedience to environmental rules and regulation, verification of certificates regarding environmental management system, awareness of environmental rules and regulation regarding supply and storage of goods, arrangement of seminar and workshop to make the suppliers aware of greening, organizing tree plantation activities as well as regular meeting of the employees by different outlets or branches. The variables are qualitative in nature. All of them were measured by nominal scores for analytical purpose. Some relevant statistical analyses like Pearson’s correlation coefficient, test of significance etc. were performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science). Significance was determined with p-value ≤ 0.01. Mathematically, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, )()()(])([])([)(1)(1)()(1)()()(222222ySSxSSxySPnyynxxnyxxyyynxxnyyxxnyVxVyxCovr    Results and discussion As mentioned earlier, data were collected from 90 superstores via pre-assigned questionnaire. The distribution of the respondents can be visualized through figure 1. European Journal of Business and Management                                                                                                                               www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) DOI: 10.7176/EJBM Vol.11, No.16, 2019  63  Figure 1: Frequency distribution of the respondents (branches or outlets) Shwapno represents the highest number of superstores (32) followed by Agora (28), Meena Bazar (19) and others (11) respectively. In Table 1, we have summarized the information that was collected from different superstores in Dhaka city. The Environment Conservation Rules (1997)is the nationally acknowledged environmental management system standard in Bangladesh to be followed by institutions in different segments of the country to generate and implement their respective policy regarding green logistics. As we can see, most of the superstores(93.3%) follow the environmental rules and regulation as well as verify certificates of environmental management system (90%). Also, a large portion of them (86.7%) are aware of environmental rules and regulation regarding supply and storage of goods. Around 59% of them arrange seminar and workshop to make the suppliers aware of greening. Most of the superstores (94.4%) organize regular meeting of the employees. The only concern is that less than half of them (48.9%) organize tree plantation activities which is not good enough. Table 1: Frequency distribution of responses of the respondents    Frequency Percentage  conformity to environmental rules and regulation Yes 84 93.3 No 6 6.7  Verifying certificates of environmental management system Yes 81 90 No 9 10 Awareness of environmental rules and regulation regarding supply and storage of goods Yes 78 86.7 No 12 13.3  Arranging seminar and workshop to make suppliers aware  Yes 53 58.9 No 37 41.1  Organizing tree plantation activities Yes 44 48.9 No 46 51.1  Organizing regular meeting of the employees Yes 85 94.4 No 5 5.6 In Table 2, results of Pearson correlation analyses are shown. Most of them have shown either weak or negative correlation along with insignificant relationship between them. However, there is an exception in case of arrangement of seminar and workshop with management of greening and tree plantation. These two variables have shown highly significant correlation (p-value = 0.000) between them. This is where the policy formation and its application will come into play. The coordinators of the superstores need to focus on managing more constructive 3228191105101520253035no. of super storesShopnoAgoraMeenaBazarOthersEuropean Journal of Business and Management                                                                                                                               www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) DOI: 10.7176/EJBM Vol.11, No.16, 2019  64 seminars and workshops to increase the awareness regarding greening and tree plantation. Table 2: Pearson Correlation analysis of the variables   Abide by the rules and regulation Verify the environmental certificates of suppliers Aware of rules and regulation of supply and storage Arrange seminar and workshop Manage greening and tree plantation activities Arrange regular meeting of the employees Conformity  by the rules and regulation Pearson Correlation 1 -.089 .026 .048 -.006 -.065 Significance  .404 .806 .651 .956 .544 Verify the environmental certificates of suppliers Pearson Correlation -.089 1 .196 -.053 -.119 -.081 Significance .404  .064 .622 .266 .449 Aware of rules and regulation of supply and storage Pearson Correlation .026 .196 1 .071 .122 .048 Significance .806 .064  .507 .252 .656 Arrangement of seminar and workshop Pearson Correlation .048 -.053 .071 1 .365** -.005 Significance .651 .622 .507  .000 .959 Manage greening and tree plantation activities Pearson Correlation -.006 -.119 .122 .365** 1 -.054 Significance .956 .266 .252 .000  .614 Arrangement of regular meeting of the employees Pearson Correlation -.065 -.081 .048 -.005 -.054 1 Significance .544 .449 .656 .959 .614  ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed)  Conclusion  It can be concluded from the outcomes of the study that to a greater level, bulk of the superstores in Dhaka engage the subsequent green logistics practices: obedience to environmental rules and regulation, verification of certificates regarding environmental management system, awareness of environmental rules and regulation regarding supply and storage of goods, arrangement of seminar and workshop to make the suppliers aware of greening, organizing tree plantation activities as well as regular meeting of the employees towards the saving of the environment.  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Green Supply Chain Management  Practices by Superstores in Bangladesh: A Case Study in Dhaka

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Green Supply Chain Management Practices by Superstores in Bangladesh: A Case Study in Dhaka

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