The wild type and PSEN dKO mice were sacrificed at the ages of 7 and 18 months. The complete mouse brain structure was removed and immediately prepared by being frozen on dry ice. The cortex and hippocampus were dissected and stored at -80°C until RNA isolation. Total RNA was isolated using the Trizol reagent. Messenger RNA expression profiling was performed using Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 array chip containing 764,885 probe sets from 28,132 genes (Ensembl) or from 19,734 putative full-length transcripts (GenBank and Ref Seq)