Bags and Confinement Governed by S.S.B. of Scale Invariance

Abstract

A general coordinate invariant theory is constructed where confinement of gauge fields and gauge dynamics in general is governed by the spontaneous symmetry breaking (s.s.b.) of scale invariance. The model uses two measures of integration in the action, the standard $\sqrt{-g}$ where $g$ is the determinant of the metric and another measure $\Phi$ independent of the metric. To implement scale invariance (S.I.), a dilaton field is introduced. Using the first order formalism, curvature ( $\Phi R$ and $\sqrt{-g}R^{2}$ ) terms , gauge field term and dilaton kinetic terms are introduced in a conformally invariant way. Exponential potentials for the dilaton break down (softly) the conformal invariance down to global scale invariance, which also suffers s.s.b. after integrating the equations of motion. The model has a well defined flat space limit. As a result of the s.s.b. of scale invariance phases with different vacuum energy density appear. Inside the bags, that is in the regions of larger vacuum energy density, the gauge dynamics is normal, that is non confining, while for the region of smaller vacuum energy density, the gauge field dynamics is confining. Likewise, the dynamics of scalars, like would be Goldstone bosons, is suppressed inside the bags.Comment: 32 page