The dynamic foam column is a new culture where the whole plant body is wrapped continually by dynamic foam. The efficiency of dynamic foam was confirmed through a sequence of short-term experiments : basil seeds germinated and grew into cotyledon and foliage leaf stage ; scion of basil, komastuna and impatiens rooted ; basil and komastuna that had grown beforehand in hydro culture, grew well in dynamic foam. Chrysanthemum green and pellia, however, turned transparent like a submerged leaf. In short, wet dynamic foam of this study was a good culture medium for some plants but not for others.Dynamic foam is an excellent culture : it delivers water, nutriments, gases and pesticides both to the aerial and the subterranean part of the plant ; dynamic foam is one of the highest insulators against thermal and biological invasion

TORIKATA Yasuo

The dynamic foam column is a new culture where the whole plant body is wrapped continually by dynamic foam. The efficiency of dynamic foam was confirmed through a sequence of short-term experiments : basil seeds germinated and grew into cotyledon and foliage leaf stage ; scion of basil, komastuna and impatiens rooted ; basil and komastuna that had grown beforehand in hydro culture, grew well in dynamic foam. Chrysanthemum green and pellia, however, turned transparent like a submerged leaf. In short, wet dynamic foam of this study was a good culture medium for some plants but not for others.Dynamic foam is an excellent culture : it delivers water, nutriments, gases and pesticides both to the aerial and the subterranean part of the plant ; dynamic foam is one of the highest insulators against thermal and biological invasion.departmental bulletin pape

TORIKATA, Yasuo

Nippon Verterinary and Life Science University Repository / 日本獣医生命科学大学学術リポジトリ

   73, AKABAYASHIORIKATADynamic foam is an excellent culture : it delivers water, nutriments, gases and pesticides both tothe aerial and the subterranean part of the plant ; dynamic foam is one of the highest insulatorsagainst thermal and biological invasion.,mostofwhichwere tousestabledry foamtoprotectfromfrost and toﬂush the inside of the irrigationpipeThis is a unique study to grow whole plants includ- by chemicals-containing foam . Ning roots and leaves in dynamic foam. studied and proposed that the weight of the circulatingThe quasi stability of dynamic foam is a ected by medium would be reduced by using wet foam insteadmany factors : surface tension ; liquid viscosity ; mo- of heavy water in a hydroponic system. However, therebility of liquid ﬁlm surface ; gas permeability ; aera- are few reports on growing whole plants in foam. Thistion rate ; bubble size and its size distribution ; number study conﬁrms the possibility of using foam through aand size of liquid drainage pass ; and additional liquid sequence of short-term and qualitative investigations.feed to the top of the foam. However, it is not di cultto produce and maintain a dynamic foam column in awide variety from ﬁne wet foam like shaving cream tocoarse dry foam like aged soap bubbles. Plant samples were prepared through three proce-Dynamic foam is an excellent culture because it deliv- dures : ( ) seeds were germinated and grown in soilers water, nutriments, gases and even pesticides both to culture ; ( ) seeds were germinated in soil then raised inthe aerial and the subterranean part of the plant, and hydroponic culture ; ( ) cut plants(scion) were soakedmoreover, it is one of the highest insulators against heat in water to take root. Cuttings (scion) were sometimesand biological invasion. The foam can be produced with used directly. Basil ( ), komastuna : aordinary liquid and air feed systems and can be mustard spinach ( ), chrysanthemumsustained by a mesh screen or rod array, although col- green ( ) and pellia (umns and rectangular vessels were used in this study. ) were used in most cases. Cuttings of newFoam is an e ective culture in the space for the guinea impatiens ( ), sedum (capillary suction must be a solely e ective driving ) and petunia hybrid were also used.force of liquid transportation.Many applications of foam have been proposed from Hydroponic culture medium was / diluted com-The dynamic foam column is a new culture where the whole plant body is wrappedcontinually by dynamic foam. The e ciency of dynamic foam was conﬁrmed through asequence of short-term experiments : basil seeds germinated and grew into cotyledon and foliageleaf stage ; scion of basil, komastuna and impatiens rooted ; basil and komastuna that had grownbeforehand in hydro culture, grew well in dynamic foam. Chrysanthemum green and pellia,however, turned transparent like a submerged leaf. In short, wet dynamic foam of this studywas a good culture medium for some plants but not for others.: foam, aeroponic, hydroponicBull. Nippon Vet. Life Sci. Univ., , , .Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Part-time LecturerYasuo TPlant Growth in Dynamic Foam Columnsome plants grow in dynamic foamet al.Ocimum basilicumBassic cqmpestrisChrisanthemum coranarium PerillafrutescensImpatiens textori MexicancanumOriginal article. Plant samples. Hydroponic medium and foaming liquidAbstractKey wordsIntroductionMaterials and Methods+ /0 1 2+3/3#$+,-##+ +***$1- 12 ,*+++,0*   	  74mercial liquid fertilizer (HYPONeX - - Hyponex the reservoir by a roller pump (EYEA AR- ).JAPANCORP., LTD). Foaming liquidwas amixture of Figure shows the type apparatus, cm/ diluted commercial liquid fertilizer, / acryl rectangular box. Thick ﬁne foam generated bydiluted commercial dishwashing detergent (FAMIRI an air stone at the small reservoir, ﬂooded and ranPYUA, KAO Co. : of Alkyl Ether Sulfate solution perpendicularly to the specimen plants. An initial(AES)) and / synthetic laundry starch (KURANOL, liter foaming liquid at the reservoir was fed continuous-Uehara Chemical Co. : of poly vinyl alcohol solu- ly to the small reservoir by a roller pump (EYEA AR-tion). Therefore, foaming liquid contains . (g/l)AES and . (g/l) poly vinyl alcohol.Three types of hand-made apparatus were used.Figure shows the type apparatus which was com-posed with a reservoir of liters, two transparentvinyl chloride cylinders cm in diameter and cm inheight and a showerhead ﬁxed at the bottom of thereservoir. Foaming liquid ﬁlled the reservoir until itreached cm above the vent holes of the showerheadwhich was aerated by an air pump (MVP- , IwakiFig. -B. Schematic of Foam Column (Type )Glass Co.LTD.). Initial bubbles mm in diameter grewto mm when they reached the top of the foamcolumn. The height of the dynamic foam column wasregulated only by the aeration rate. About of thefoaming liquid in the reservoir was exchanged withfresh liquid occasionally according to the redFigure shows the type apparatus which consistedof a reservoir of litters, an upper acryl rectangularbox of cm, an intermediate perforated boardwhich had oval holes about cm in diameter and ashower head. The perforated board turned ﬁne foaminto coarse foam as shown in Fig. . Foam overﬂowedand drained into the lower tray, then was returned intoFig. -A. Foam Column (Type )Fig. -A. Foam Column (Type ) Fig. -B. Schematic of Foam Column (Type ). Dynamic Foam Column0* ,*++0 +* / ,+**- - ,/ +1 0*+ +*** + +****., ,0 +***.** *.,, .+ ++*2 0*/1/+ +,/ +*,*, ,+*,/ +1 .*+* /,, ,+ + , ,-  Plant Growth in Dynamic Foam Column 75Fig. . Foam Column (Type )Fig. . Basile seed held days in foam column Fig. . Basile seedlings held days in foam column). About ml of foaming liquid was supplied occa-sionally by hand to compensate for the overﬂow loss.Four rectangular pipes of di erent height () cm, lined with aluminum foil were set in an open-airplace on a cloudy day. Being ﬁlled with foam, lumi-nous intensity at the bottom of the box was measuredby TESTO (Testo AG).Seeds were ﬁxed to a stainless wire stand by instantadhesive (ARON ALPHA, TOA GOSEI Co.) as shown inFig. . Plant samples were held by a small urethanefoam piece and ﬁxed to a stainless wire stand as shownin Fig.Fig. . Basile seedlings held days in hydro culturewas a cotyledon and the opposite white part was aFigure shows a basile seed in dynamic foam (type primary root.apparatus) for days. The seed were adhered to astainless wire with instant adhesive. The green part Basile seedlings were picked out from the soil care-. Measurement of light absorption by foam. Specimen setting. Germination of basile. Growth of cotyledon-stage seedlingsResults and Discussion- -. / / /,+** /*# -* -* /-*/././0 /. ,/./+, 	  76Fig. . Rooting of cuttings (scion) of Basile helddays in foam columnFig. . Root regeneration of basile picked up fromhydro culture and held days in foamcolumnFig. . Rooting of cuttings (scion) of perilla helddays in foam columnfully by hand, then grown in dynamic foam (typeapparatus) or hydro culture for days. Figure andshow a seedling grown in dynamic foam and hydroculture respectively. The growth of seedlings in dy-namic foam seemed to be slightly suppressed due todeﬁciency of light.Cuttings (scion) of basil andperilland rooted in daysFig. . Damage to chrysanthemum leaves heldin dynamic foam (type apparatus), and little retarda-days in foam columntion of rooting was observed between dynamic foamand hydro culture. Figure and show basil and perillaindynamic foam for days respectively. While leaves apparatus). Figure shows black dead roots andof chrysanthemumgreenandpetuniahybriddroopedor white new roots of basil after days in wet dynamiccurled before rooting in dynamic foam. foam. Its stems and leaves also grew during the rootregeneration. However, no relation between root re-There were cases where basil, komastuna and perilla, generation and growth of stems and leaves was foundwhich were picked up carefully from the soil or hydro in this study.culture, lost their original roots then regenerated newadventitious-like roots in wet dynamic foam (type Leaves of chrysanthemum green became transparent. Rooting of cutting (scion). Root regeneration of ordinary seedlings. Damages by foam0* ,*++1 +*3+*2 +*-/ / 0+*+* +*,1 2+* 3+*,-./   Plant Growth in Dynamic Foam Column 77like submerged leaves and their fringes curled in dy-namic foam (type apparatus) for days as shown inFig. . There were cases where perilla became trans-parent and partly drooped.In this study, seedlings were exposed to open airoccasionally due to the instability of dynamic foam oncold nights.Apart from those foam tests, some plants were sub-merged in aerated water for week, then transferred toopen hydro culture. Chrysanthemum green, perillaand petunia hybrid became transparent in water andthey sometimes withered in open hydro culture. Fig. . Light Absorption of FoamWhile, basil, komastuna and sedum maintained ordi- : coarse foam, : ﬁne foam (run ),nary appearances both in foam and open hydro culture. : ﬁne foam (run )It is not clear whether the contact of foam solely orthe iteration of foam and open air causes damages tochrysanthemum green, perilla and petunia hybrid.A scion of well rooted basil was set in a type foamcolumn that was placed in a sunny place during theday and in a room during the night from th Augustto th September in . The temperature around thebasil seedling was kept at while the surfacelayer of the foam reached in the sun. The basilseedling increased from . g to . g in weight overdays. Bad weather impeded further tests.The foam thickness was from to cm, thereforeabout half of the sunlight reached the basil. However,Fig. . Image of ﬂuorescent lamp behind dry foamthe basil might not get adequate light due to the cloudyof cm thickness.and cold summer of . Its low growth rate is attrib-utable to the deﬁciency of light.- . Light absorption of foam top of the foam, cm beneath the surface,Figure shows the ratio of luminous intensity at around the plant and at the both reservoirs. Inthe bottom of the foam layer to that of a non-foam another experiment, at the surface andlayer. Coarse foam corresponds to the upper foam around the plant.layer in Fig. , and ﬁne foam to the lower foam layer in It is a physically sound result that most parts of theFig. or that in Fig. . Figure suggests that bubble dynamic foam were kept at the same temperature assizes did not a ect the light absorption signiﬁcantly, the feed liquid. Indeed, heat absorbed at the foamand that about half of the light was absorbed by a surface results in the temperature rise of the draincm wet foam layer. While, dry foam scarcely absorbs liquid but it is not di cult to control the temperaturelight as shown in Fig. where a ﬂuorescent lamp is of the drain liquid before its reuse as feed liquid.visible through dry foam of cm thickness. As it was Light shielding and thermal insulation of dynamicdi cult to make dry foam stable for long periods, dry foam will be e ective for greenhouse culture in sum-foam was not investigated, although it will play a mer season.signiﬁcant role in foam culture.- . Temperature distribution in dynamic foamThe temperature distribution of dynamic foam in Dynamic foam is anexcellent culture for some plants :type apparatus which was placed in a sunny place ( ) basil and komastuna grew in wet dynamic foam ; ( )and cooled by crashed ice in the tray, was at the basil, komastuna and impatiens regenerated ad-. Growth of basil in a dynamic foam column atsunny placeConclosion, /+*++++,-,23 ,**-,. ,0-.+/ * +1 /+-+* ,*+,,/,**-0 + -+ / ,2 ,3++ ,1-. ,. ,0,, + ++#+/$+,,/$ #0 ,- + ,--0 	   !" #$ %&'()*+,-./0123,-45678	9:;<=>?@ ABC DEFGDHIJKLMJ$ NOP QRSTUVW9:X= YZ [.\[]^_9:=>8 `> abcdeT^_W9:fgh4i9=>8jkl	mno4'(pnq>r>stuvW*+w@4xy7>8 z{|}~=T .. WT NJLFFo44xy7>8   LEDHT	{Wb r.FC4tr>8    tr8 rtYZ [.\[]=>8   [9   ¡9¢£¤¤¥¦ § ¨ ¡9¢£¤¤ ©ª«¬­® ¯ ° ±9:    78HIEGSHESNESSRAUDOLERASOVITSKIORNELUGOSSAKABAYASHI USEISHIYAMA IRASAWAventitious-like roots in wet foam then grew well inopen air soil culture ; ( ) basil seeds germinated andT , B.J. ( ). Shielding Plants from Frosta-grew into the cotyledon and foliage leaf stage. Whiletion by Use of Foam. U.S. Patentwet foam or iteration of wet foam and dry air is harm-C , J.L., ( ) Proceedings of Amer.ful to other plants : the leaves of chrysanthemumSoc. of Horticulture Science, Abstract A, .green and perilla became transparent like submergedB H.J., ( ). Trans. Amer. Soc. Agri-leaves and withered in the succeeding open hydro cul- culture Engrs., , pp.ture. In short, depending on the type of plant, wet C , H.W. ( ). Agricultural System forfoam is a good culture or a harmful medium. Irrigating and Protecting Grops. U.S. PatentDynamic foam is an excellent culture because it de-K , B., ( ). Aqueous Foam forlivers water, nutriments, gases and pesticides both toFrost Protection of Plant : Stability and Protec-the aerial and the subterranean parts of the plant andtive Properties. J. Agric. Engng. Res. pp.because it is one of the highest insulators against ther-.mal and biological invasion. Some problems can easilyH , F.F. ( ). Method and Apparatus forbe resolved : the synthetic detergent and vinyl alcohol Injecting Foam into Pipe. U.S. Patent .used in this study can be superseded by natural mate- D , M. ( ). Controlling Termites withrials ; the height and liquid content distribution can be Foam. Pest Control, Nov. p. .regulated by applying current sensors and devices ; KazushigeN ,TasuhiroF ,ToshiyukiN and Kimio H . ( ) Plants bylight absorption of wet foam can be improved by pre-Foam Cultivation, Bubbling Water Cultivation,cise control of liquid content distribution and newCoral Sand Cultivation, and Conventional Hy-luminous devices such as Laser Diode or optical ﬁbers.droponics Systems. J. Soc. High Tech. in Agri.,pp. , .wet:.et al.et al.et al.References0* ,*++-+ +3/3,21////, +302+*3 +*-- +31*+- + /. +31+-/0-.0+/ +333+11+2/0 +31/-21.3,01 +33..,2+333++ -, -1+/1- 12 ,*++0*

Plant Growth in Dynamic Foam Column -some plants grow in dynamic foam-

https://nvlu.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=164&item_no=1&attribute_id=22&file_no=1

泡沫中での植物生育

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Nippon Verterinary and Life Science University Repository / 日本獣医生命科学大学学術リポジトリ