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Washington University St. Louis: Open Scholarship

1974Denise Scott Brown gives the talk that would later be published as the influential “Room at the Top: Sexism and the Star System in Architecture” at the West Coast Women’s Design Conference, held at the University of Oregon.20067 World Trade Center Nicole Dosso1970 1980 1990 2000 20101974Gloria and Esther Goldreich publish the children’s book What Can She Be? An Architect.1980The Feminist Design Collective formed in London, with the purpose of understanding and developing a feminist approach to architecture through discussion and architectural work. They aimed to involve women in all stages of the evolution of a building. 1982Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk and Andres Duany, arbiters of the New Urbanism movement, design the masterplan for Seaside, Florida.1984Louise Bourgeois’ series “Femme Maison (Woman House)” depicts a familial structure engulfing a nude woman, obstructing her identity, and isolating her from the world.2012Lori Brown, architecture professor at Syracuse University, and Nina Freedman, Creative Director at Shigeru Ban, launch ArchiteXXs, an organization and website for women in architecture. 2013Alison Brooks, principal of Alison Brooks Architects, receives the Architects’ Journal Woman Architect of the Year Award.2013Lori Brown publishes Contested Space: Abortion Clinics, Women’s Shelters and Hospitals, which investigates how legislation affects politicized and securitized spaces for women. Her work calls into question female architect’s obligation toward designing spaces that empower women.2014Amale Andraos is appointed Dean of Columbia University’s GSAPP.1990Katherine Krizek designs the “Mezzaluna Knife” which is honored with the Compasso d’Oro Award in Milan.1990Swedish nurse and industrial designer Lena Landin Lorentzen spends her career improving the design of objects in the healthcare environment with the goal of giving patients greater dignity and independence. 1991The Association of Women Industrial Designers is founded at Pratt Institute. The same year, the group put on a major exhibition of work titled “Goddess in the Details.”1971Chloethiel Woodard Smith, WUSTL M.Arch ‘33, leads the largest female-run architectural firm in the United States, called Chloethiel Woodard Smith & Associates. The firm’s projects include the National Building Museum, and an estimated 30% of architects working in Washington, D.C. in the early 1970’s came through her office. 1991Among firms with AIA membership, men outnumber women by a ratio of three to one, but women only account for 8% of licensed architects.1993Zaha Hadid’s first built work, The Vitra Fire Station, is completed. The Fire Station showcases Hadid’s work in deconstructivist theoretical language that is often explored through drawings and paintings.1994Leslie Kanes Weisman publishes Discrimination by Design: A Feminist Critique of the Man-Made Environment.19957% of architecture students in Japan are women. By contrast, 33% of architecture students in China are women. 2003Architect Eva Jiřičná becomes President of the AA. Jiřičná is lauded for redefining the idea of retail space with her innovated use of industrial materials and famous steel and glass staircases.2014Sheila Kennedy wins the Berkeley-Rupp Prize for her advancement of equity in architecture. 1970Ada Louise Huxtable, the first female architecture critic for The New York Times, receives the first Pulitzer Prize for Criticism, opening architecture up to public discourse.1971National Organization of Minority Architects is founded at the AIA Convention in Detroit.1973Chicago Women in Architecture and San Francisco Organization of Women Architects are founded, spurring discussions about women’s status in architecture across the country.1974Women in Design: The Next Decade Conference is held at the Women’s Building in L.A. The Women’s Building, named after the 1893 Woman’s Building at the Chicago World’s Fair, was designated as a physical space for those exploring 1970s feminist narratives through the arts.1980Beverly Willis and Norma Merrick Sklarek become AIA Fellows, acknowledging their significant contribution to architecture and society, as well as their excellence in the profession.1981Maya Lin, a college student at Yale University, controversially wins the competition for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, becoming a ‘first’ in many ways—as a young student, a woman and an Asian-American.  1985Bulgarian architect Milka Bliznakov establishes the International Archive of Women in Architecture at Virginia Tech out of frustration at the enormous loss of material from the first generations of women architects. 1991Denise Scott Brown’s partner, Robert Venturi, is awarded the Pritzker Prize for their joint work and accomplishments.  1992The AIA Task Force on Equal Rights and Proactive Action aims to establish equal access and influence within the AIA and the larger profession.1992L. Jane Hastings becomes the first woman Chancellor of the AIA’s College of Fellows, ten years after she became a Fellow of the AIA.1993Susan Maxman becomes the first woman president of the AIA, despite only 5% of the AIA’s members being women. Women have held membership in the AIA since 1888.2001Kathryn Anthony, Ph.D. publishes Designing for Diversity: Gender, Race and Ethnicity in the Architectural Profession. Her research has also led to the publication Design Juries on Trial: The Renaissance of the Design Studio.2001Lindy Roy’s “Subwave” wins the MoMA PS1 Young Architects Program.2002The Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation is established. The Foundation’s goal is to change the culture of the building industry so that women’s work, whether in contemporary practices or historical narratives, is acknowledged, respected and valued.2010Kazuyo Sejima wins the Pritzker Prize with partner Ryue Nishizawa for the work and achievements of their firm, SANAA.2004Zaha Hadid becomes the first woman to win the Pritzker Prize for her work and achievements in architecture.2011Architect Barbie debuts at the AIA Convention in New Orleans. Despina Stratigakos, architect and professor at University of Buffalo, collaborated with Mattel on the development and launch of the doll as part of an initiative to break down stereotypes in the public’s perception of architects. 2012Deborah Berke recieves the inaugural Berkeley-Rupp Prize from the University of California, Berkeley. The prize is awarded biannually to a distinguished practitioner or academic who has made a significant contribution to promoting the advancement of women in the field of architecture, and whose work emphasizes a commitment to sustainability and the community.2013Harvard GSD’s Women in Design create a petition demanding the Pritzker Prize Committee recognize Denise Scott Brown’s role in the work that garnered Robert Venturi the 1991 Prize. The petition received 20,000 signatures and spurred discussion about the recognition of women in architecture, but ultimately the Pritzker Committee refused to recognize Denise Scott Brown. In response, Design for Equality was founded as a way of generating a prolonged response to the Pritzker Jury.2014Built by Women NYC, an initiative of the Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation, sets out to identify 100 outstanding structures and built environments in New York City, either contemporary or historic, designed and/or constructed by women, to highlight women’s contributions to the built environment.2015Elizabeth Chu Richter, elected in 2014, will become the President of the AIA. women in architectureDesigned by women1969Sao Paulo Museum of ArtLina Bo Bardi1967Lieb HouseDenise Scott Brown1991Seattle Art MuseumDenise Scott Brown1992Supreme Court of IsraelAda Karmi-Melamede2002Yokohama International Ferry Terminal Farshid Moussavi2002Hydra Pier PavillionLise Anne Couture2003Starlight Theater Jeanne Gang2007Espace Citroen Manuelle Gautrand2007The New Museum of Contemporary Art Kazuyo Sejima2009Clapham Manor Primary SchoolSadie Morgan2009Porsche MuseumElke Delugan-Meisel2010MACRO Contemporary Art MuseumOdile Decq2012The Brass Building Alison Brooks2013Heydar Alyev CenterZaha Hadid2016Victoria and Albert Museum, Exhibition RoadAmanda Levete1977Susana Torre organizes and curates the first major exhibition of American women architects, held at the Brooklyn Museum. The exhibition, titled “Women in American Architecture: A Historic and Contemporary Perspective” traveled across the United States and to the Netherlands, and was accompanied by Torre’s edited book of the same title. 1978Yvonne Farrel and Shelley McNamara establish Grafton Architects. *See 20081999Elizabeth Diller and her firm DSR (then Diller+Scofidio) are the first architects to win the MacArthur “Genius Grant.”2006Nicole Dosso, technical director at SOM, is honored by Professional Women in Construction for her leadership of projects including 7 World Trade Center and the Baccarat Hotel. Dosso also goes on to lead the construction of 1 World Trade Center, designed by Daniel Libeskind and David Childs. 2008Grafton Architects wins Building of the Year for their Bocconi Library in Milan. *See 19781988Industrial Designer Hedda Beese’s “SL48 Solar Lantern” wins Best of Industrial Design Annual Design Review and the Essen Design Innovation 88 Award. It is not part of the MoMA’s Permanent Collection.1969Jane Drew becomes the first female President of the Architectural Association (AA). Drew is known for her international modernist work in England, West Africa, Iran and India. She worked extensively on the Chandigarh Master Plan with Le Corbusier and her husband Maxwell Fry.1997Marion Weiss and Weiss/Manfredi Architects win the competition for the Women in Military Service for America Memorial in Washington, D.C.2008Architect Toshiko Mori becomes the chair of the World Economic Forum’s Global Agenda Council on Design. In tandem, Mori launches VisionArc, a think tank that probes complex global issues through design.1975The AIA Task Force on Women in Architecture carries out a study called the “Affirmative Action Plan for the Integration of Women in the Architectural Profession.” The study called for women to “increase public awareness of the contribution of women architects in the design of the built environment” in order to change public perception of architects.19883.6% of AIA members are women, one hundred years since the first female member of the AIA.*See 19912009Adele Naude Santos, Dean of the School of Architecture and Planning at MIT, receives the AIA’s Topaz Medallion, only the second woman to receive this award following Denise Scott Brown in 1996.2009British architect Ruth Reed becomes the first female President of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA).1972Lella and Massimo Vignelli redesign the NY MTA Subway Maps and Signage, setting the bar for successful public interface design. 1972Judith Edelman, the first woman elected to the AIA New York executive committee, becomes a founding member of the Alliance of Women in Architecture.1972Denise Scott Brown, with Robert Venturi and Steven Izenour, publish the canonical book Learning From Las Vegas: the Forgotten Symbolism of Architectural Form. 2013The Missing 32% is a group created by the AIA San Francisco to address women’s role in architecture. Most recently, the group published the results of their Equity in Architecture 2014 Survey of the profession.2011The Australian Research Council begins an in-depth survey “Equity and Diversity in the Australian Architecture Profession: Women, Work and Leadership,” which has become an international model for collecting and understanding information about women in architecture.2011Aine Brazil, vice-chairman and managing principal of the large structural engineering firm Thornton Tomasetti, is honored by Real Estate Forum as a Woman of Influence. Brazil manages projects including Hudson Yards and 11 Times Square.1970Urban HierarchyAnne Tyng1972New York MTA Subway Maps and SignageLella and Massimo Vignelli1973Women’s BuildingUsed by Judy Chicago, Sheila Levrant de Bretteville and Arlene Raven for Feminist Studio Workshop1975Reclamation of the Graveyards at St. Mark’s Church-in-the-BoweryJudith Edelman1977Mauritius Institute of EducationJane Drew1977Women in American Architecture Exhibit, Brooklyn MuseumSusana Torre1979University of Washington Cunningham Hall RestorationL. Jane Hastings1979Seaside, FloridaElizabeth Plater-Zyberk1982San Francisco Ballet BuildingBeverly Willis1981Vietnam Veterans MemorialMaya Lin1984Femme MaisonLouise Bourgeois1988Washington SquareChloethiel Woodard Smith1988SL48 Solar LanternHedda Beese1990Mezzaluna KnifeKatherine Krizek1993Vitra Fire StationZaha Hadid2005METI Handmade SchoolAnna Heringer2008Galleria CentercityCaroline Bos2012University of LimerickGrafton Architects2013The SOFT HouseSheila Kennedy2013Women’s Opportunity CenterSharon Davis1981Industrial designer and architect Gae Aulenti, who was one of few women designing in post-war Italy, is chosen to redesign the Musée d’Orsay in Paris. She goes on to design other large-scale museums, such as the Contemporary Art Gallery at the Centre Pompidou and the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco.1984Sharon Sutton becomes the first African-American woman in the United States to be promoted to full professor of architecture at the University of Michigan.1974Phyllis Birkby, Katrin Adam, Ellen Perry Berkeley, Bobbie Sue Hood, Marie I. Kennedy, Joan Forrester Sprague and Leslie Kanes Weisman found the Women’s School of Planning and Architecture, an experimental educational institution for women in environmental design. 1974The first Women in Architecture Symposium at Washington University in St. Louis. For the first time, women in the field of architecture came together to discuss the lack of equality they were facing and what they were going to do to change that. 2009The first AIA Women’s Leadership Summit occurs in Chicago through the initiative of the Women’s Principal Group. Over 150 leading women in the profession attend.1980M. Rosaria Piomelli heads the City College of New York College of Architecture, becoming the first woman dean of an American architecture school.1986Museé d’Orsay RedesignGae Aulenti1997Women in Military Service for America MemorialMarion Weiss1998OrangeryEva Jiřičná 1999Media Centre @ Lorde’s Cricket Grounds Amanda Levete2001Subwave (MoMA PS1)Lindy Roy2006Marianne Boesky Gallery Deborah Berke2010Times Square PlazaAine Brazil2011Jeanne Gang of Studio Gang is awarded the MacArthur Fellowship. Her 2009 Aqua Tower is the largest project ever awarded to an American firm headed by a woman.1993Cynthia Weese becomes Dean of the School of Architecture at Washington University in St. Louis. Weese broadened the focus of the school to include outreach to the St. Louis community as well as encourage greater leadership amoung the students. 2003Gia Daskalakis becomes the first woman to receive tenure in the School of Architecture at Washington University in St. Louis, 93 years after the school is founded. close reading45 years ofWOMEN IN architecture 

Timeline 2 Close Reading 45 Years of Women in Architecture

https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1034&amp;context=wia

Timeline 2 Close Reading 45 Years of Women in Architecture

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Washington University St. Louis: Open Scholarship