Macrophage polarization in health and disease

Abstract

Makrofagi imaju temeljnu ulogu u održavanju homeostaze tkiva i obrani organizma od patogena. Različita tkivna mikrookruženja, kao i njihove patološke promjene, mogu duboko utjecati na polarizacijsko stanje makrofaga prema ekstremnim fenotipovima M1 (proupalnom) i M2 (protuupalnom), kako bi se javio najprikladniji tip i intenzitet imunosnog odgovora. Međutim, u ovom radu prikazana je njihova tendencija zauzimanja istaknutih uloga u uspostavi i razvoju tumora, virusnoj infekciji te bolesti, upalnih i metaboličkih, koje danas imaju velik negativan učinak na čovječanstvo. Stoga bi razumijevanje funkcionalne raznolikosti ovih stanica u zdravlju i bolesti, kao i mehanizama koji kontroliraju te događaje, bilo ključno za osmišljavanje strategija za reguliranje tih bolesti i ponovno uspostavljanje homeostaze.Macrophages have a fundamental role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and defence against pathogens. Different tissue microenvironments, as well as their pathological alterations, can have a profound influence on the polarization state of macrophages towards extreme M1 (proinflammatory) and M2 (antiinflammatory) phenotypes, to provide the most appropriate type and intensity of the immune response. However, this paper demonstrates their tendency to occupy prominent roles in the establishment and development of tumors, viral infections and diseases, inflammatory and metabolic, which today have a great negative impact on humanity. Therefore, understanding the functional diversity of these cells in health and illness, as well as the mechanisms that control these events, is crucial to design strategies for regulating these diseases and re-establishing homeostasis