Ecological and huntig characteristics of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.)

Abstract

Divlja svinja je naša autohtona divljač. Raširena je po cijelom svijetu, a u Hrvatskoj obitava gotovo u svim lovištima, a prisutna je i na otocima. Najčešća su joj staništa listopadne šume, ali osobito voli područja bogata vodom odnosno poplavna područja uz Dunav, Savu i Dravu. Mužjak je vepar, ženka krmača, mladunčad do prve godine života prasad, a od jedne do dvije godine nazimad. Masa im može varirati, u veprova i do 300 kg, a krmače najčešće do 150 kg. Parenje zovemo bucanje, a odvija se najčešće u jesen. Mladunčad dolazi na svijet u proljeće, a broj im varira ovisno o vremenskim uvjetima i količini hrane. Životni vijek joj je do 25 godina. Prirodni neprijatelji su joj čagalj, vuk, ris, medvjed i dr. zbog trenutne epizootiološke situacije i prijetnji od širenja afričke svinjske kuge u Europi i u Hrvatskoj se provode brojne mjere preventive kako bi se spriječila ili na vrijeme uočila pojava ove bolesti.Wild boar is our indigenous species of game and is widespread throughout the world. In Croatia it inhabits almost all hunting grounds and is present on islands. It's most common habitats are deciduous forests, but it is especially fond of water-rich areas, ie flood areas along the Danube, Sava and Drava. The male of wild boar is called boar, the female is called sow, the young ones up to the first year of life are called piglets and young ones from one to two years of life are called suckling. Their weight can vary, boar up to 300 kg, and sows usually up to 150 kg. Mating is called roaring, and it usually takes place in the fall. Young farrowed in spring, and the number of them varies depending on the weather and the amount of food. Lifetime is up to 25 years. Its natural enemies are golden jackal, wolf, lynx, bear etc. and the disease that currently threatens it is the most significant african swine fever