Caryophyllales trap mechanism

Abstract

Iako su karnivorne biljke očaravale ljude još od Darwinovog doba, značajno je istražena i istražuje se jedino venerina muholovka. Njezin preobraženi list zarobljava plijen nakon višestrukog mehani-čkog podražaja promjenom zakrivljenosti svojih dvaju zaklopaca. Mehanički se podražaj očituje kao akcijski potencijal u listu i on nadalje mijenja turgor, potiče sekreciju probavnih enzima i dr. što je fiziološki slično animalnim organizmima s tom razlikom da umjesto posebnog živčanog sustava biljka koristi već postojeći vaskularni sustav na veće i plazmodezmije na manje udaljenosti. Sličan mehanizam rabi filogenetska sestrica venerine muholovke, mjehurasta vodena stupica, s različitom prilagodbom na lov manjeg plijena u vodi. Karnivorne biljke nalazimo u različitim porodicama s različitim zamkama kojima hvataju plijen i njegovom enzimatskom razgradnjom i apsorpcijom tvari poboljšavaju svoju niskodušičnu mineralnu prehranu iz tla. Rosika ima ljepljive tentakule koji se uvijaju na podražaj, Drosophyllum lusitanicum koristi pasivne adhezivne stupice, vrčonoše posjeduju zamke nalik vrčevima u koje upada plijen. U većine je zabilježeno privlačenje kukaca mirisima ili bojom/izgledom.Despite the fact that carnivorous plants fascinated people even back in the time of Darwin, the Venus flytrap is the only one that was thoroughly researched and is still being researched. Its transformed leaf captures prey by changing the curvature of its two lobes after several mechanical stimuli. The mechanical stimulus is manifested as the action potential in the leaf, after which it changes turgor, stimulates digestive enzyme secretion and so on, which is physiologically similar to animal organisms with the difference that instead of a dedicated nervous system the plant uses an already existing vascular system for long distances and plasmodesmata for short. The waterwheel plant, one of Venus fly trap's phylogenetic sisters, uses a similar mechanism that is adapted for hunting smaller prey in water. Carnivorous plants are found in various families with different traps used to hunt prey from which they improve their low-nitrogen mineral nutrition from the soil using enzymatic degradation and nutrient absorption. The common sundew has sticky tentacles that curl on contact, Drosophyllum lusitanicum uses passive adhesive traps, pitcher plants have pitcher-like traps that catch prey. It is recorded that most attract insects with smells or colors/appearance