The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing
Contents
Foreword ix
1. Introduction: The Implications of Cognitive Psychology for Testing...........1
PART I: THE COGNITIVE-PSYCHOMETRIC CONNECTION
2. Science, Technology, and Intelligence...................11
3. Toward a Cognitive Theory for the Measurement of Achievement ...................41
4. The g Beyond Factor Analysis.........................87
PART II: COGNITIVE APPROACHES TO PSYCHOMETRIC ISSUES: APPLICATIONS
5. The Assessment of Cognitive Factors in Academic Abilities...................145
6. Theoretical Implications from Protocol Analysis on Testing and Measurement...191
PART III: METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES
7. Structure and Process in Cognitive Psychology Using Multidimensional Scaling and Related Techniques..................229
8. New Perspectives in the Analysis of Abilities.....................267
Author Index ........................285
Subject Index ........................29

Conoley, Jane Close

Glover, John A.

Ronning, Royce R.

Witt, Joseph C.

English

DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska

University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing Buros-Nebraska Series on Measurement and Testing 1987 Title Page and Contents- The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing Jane Close Conoley University of California - Riverside Royce R. Ronning University of Nebraska-Lincoln John A. Glover University of Nebraska-Lincoln Joseph C. Witt Louisiana State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/buroscogpsych  Part of the Cognitive Psychology Commons, and the Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research Commons Conoley, Jane Close; Ronning, Royce R.; Glover, John A.; and Witt, Joseph C., "Title Page and Contents- The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing" (1987). The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing. 1. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/buroscogpsych/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Buros-Nebraska Series on Measurement and Testing at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. THE INFLUENCE OF COGNrrIVE PSYCHOLOGY ON TESTING Buros-Nebraska Symposium on Measurement & Testing Volume 3 Series Editor JANE CLOSE CONOLEY Buros Institute of Mental Measurements and Department of Educational Psychology University of Nebraska-Lincoln THE INFLUENCE OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY ON TESTING Edited by Royce R. Ronning John A. Glover Jane C. Conoley University of Nebraska-Lincoln Joseph C. Witt Louisiana State University OSCAR 1< . BUHOf:. LlnnM17 OF MENTAL. MEASUR[iJMEN~:'J m LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS 1987 Hillsdale, New Jersey London Copyright © 1987 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microform, retrieval system, or any other means without the prior written permission of the publisher. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers 365 Broadway Hillsdale, New Jersey 07642 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Buros-Nebraska Symposium on Measurement & Testing (3rd 1984 : University of Nebraska-Lincoln) The influence of cognitive psychology on testing. (Buros-Nebraska Symposium on Measurement & Testing; v. 3) "Buros-Nebraska Symposium on Measurement & Testing" - po facing t . p . Held in Oct. 1984 at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Includes bibliographies and indexes . 1. Psychological tests- Congresses. 2. Psychometrics-Congresses. 3. Cognition- Congresses. I. Ronning, Royce R. II . Title. III. Series: Buros-Nebraska Symposium on Measurement & Testing (Series) ; v. 3) [DNLM: 1. Cognition- congresses . 2. Psychological Tests-congresses. 3. Psychometrics- congresses. W3 BU998 v.3 / BF 311 0967 1984i] BF176.B87 1984 153.9'3 87-6803 ISBN 0-89859-898-2 10987654321 Printed in the United States of America Contents Foreword ix 1. Introduction: The Implications of Cognitive Psychology for Testing 1 Royce R. Ronning, Jane C. Conoley, and John G. Glover Overview of Chapters 3 Concluding Comments 8 References 8 PART I: THE COGNITIVE-PSYCHOMETRIC CONNECTION 2. Science, Technology, and Intelligence Earl Hunt The Present Status of Psychometric Theory The Cognitive Psychology Approach 18 The Union of the Camps 34 Conclusion 36 References 37 13 11 3. Toward a Cognitive Theory for the Measurement of Achievement 41 Robert Glaser, Alan Lesgold, and Susanne Lajoie Introduction 41 Cognitive Research Relevant to the Measurement of Achievement 43 Cognitive Research Applied to Testing Methodology 60 Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Laboratories for Integrating Testing and Instruction 69 Summary: General Dimensions for a Cognitive Approach to the Measurement of Achievement 77 References 82 v vi Contents 4. The g Beyond Factor Analysis Arthur R. Jensen Some Definitions 87 Some Facts of Nature 88 Factor Analysis and the Highest Order Factor 90 Fluid and Crystallized Ability 96 Size and Invariance of g 97 Practical External Validity of g 99 The "Reality" of g 100 Refining g 107 Task Complexity and g 111 Theories of g 119 References 136 Appendix 139 PART II: COGNITIVE APPROACHES TO PSYCHOMETRIC ISSUES: APPLICATIONS 87 5. The Assessment of Cognitive Factors in Academic Abilities 145 Stephen L. Benton and Kenneth A. Kiewra Declarative Knowledge 146 Procedural Knowledge 148 Control Processes 149 Cognitive Strategies 150 Metacognition 152 Reading 153 Writing 163 Mathematics 175 Science 179 Conclusion 182 References 184 6. Theoretical Implications from Protocol Analysis on Testing and Measurement 191 K. Anders Ericsson An Outline of the Chapter 193 Protocol Analysis and Verbal Reports 194 Implications of Verbal Reports for Measurement and Theoretical Abstractions 200 Exceptional Ability Vs. Acquired Skill 216 Concluding Remarks 221 References 223 PART III: METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 7. Structure and Process in Cognitive Psychology Using Multidimensional Scaling and Related Techniques Edward J. Shoben and Brian H. Ross Introduction 229 Distinguishing Theories: An Illustrative Example 230 Kinds of MDS and Related Procedures 231 MDS as a Method for Determining Structure 232 Applications of MDS to Cognitive Tasks 235 MDS Results as a Source of Processing Explanations 235 MDS and Constraints on Semantic Memory 237 Music Perception 238 Measurement of Change in Structure 241 Contextual Effects 243 Context and Increased Dimensionality 245 MDS and the Underlying Representation 247 Problems with Categories 249 Selecting a Representation 251 Minkowski r Metrics 252 MDS and Memory Theories 254 The Promise and Limitations of MDS for Cognitive Psychology 262 References 263 8. New Perspectives in the Analysis of Abilities John B. Carroll Introduction 267 What is an Ability? 268 The Person Characteristic Function (PCF) 275 Cognitive Psychology and Task Difficulty 279 Application of the Theory to Cognitive Ability Factors 280 Discussion 282 References 283 Author Index 285 Subject Index 293 Contents vii 229 267 

Title Page and Contents- The Influence of Cognitive
Psychology on Testing

UNL | Libraries

University of Nebraska - Lincoln 
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln 
The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on 
Testing 
Buros-Nebraska Series on Measurement and 
Testing 
1987 
Title Page and Contents- The Influence of Cognitive Psychology 
on Testing 
Jane Close Conoley 
University of California - Riverside 
Royce R. Ronning 
University of Nebraska-Lincoln 
John A. Glover 
University of Nebraska-Lincoln 
Joseph C. Witt 
Louisiana State University 
Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/buroscogpsych 
 Part of the Cognitive Psychology Commons, and the Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and 
Research Commons 
Conoley, Jane Close; Ronning, Royce R.; Glover, John A.; and Witt, Joseph C., "Title Page and Contents- 
The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing" (1987). The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on 
Testing. 1. 
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/buroscogpsych/1 
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Buros-Nebraska Series on Measurement and Testing at 
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Influence of Cognitive 
Psychology on Testing by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 
THE INFLUENCE OF COGNrrIVE 
PSYCHOLOGY ON TESTING 
Buros-Nebraska Symposium 
on 
Measurement & Testing 
Volume 3 
Series Editor 
JANE CLOSE CONOLEY 
Buros Institute of Mental Measurements 
and 
Department of Educational Psychology 
University of Nebraska-Lincoln 
THE INFLUENCE OF 
COGNITIVE 
PSYCHOLOGY 
ON TESTING 
Edited by 
Royce R. Ronning 
John A. Glover 
Jane C. Conoley 
University of Nebraska-Lincoln 
Joseph C. Witt 
Louisiana State University 
OSCAR 1< . BUHOf:. LlnnM17 
OF MENTAL. MEASUR[iJMEN~:'J 
m LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS 
1987 Hillsdale, New Jersey London 
Copyright © 1987 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. 
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in 
any form, by photostat, microform, retrieval system, or any other 
means without the prior written permission of the publisher. 
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers 
365 Broadway 
Hillsdale, New Jersey 07642 
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 
Buros-Nebraska Symposium on Measurement & Testing (3rd 
1984 : University of Nebraska-Lincoln) 
The influence of cognitive psychology on testing. 
(Buros-Nebraska Symposium on Measurement & Testing; v. 3) 
"Buros-Nebraska Symposium on Measurement & Testing" - po facing t . p . 
Held in Oct. 1984 at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. 
Includes bibliographies and indexes . 
1. Psychological tests- Congresses. 2. Psychometrics-
Congresses. 3. Cognition- Congresses. I. Ronning, Royce R. 
II . Title. III. Series: Buros-Nebraska Symposium on Measurement & Testing (Series) 
; v. 3) 
[DNLM: 1. Cognition- congresses . 2. Psychological Tests-
congresses. 3. Psychometrics- congresses. W3 BU998 v.3 / BF 311 0967 1984i] 
BF176.B87 1984 153.9'3 87-6803 
ISBN 0-89859-898-2 
10987654321 
Printed in the United States of America 
Contents 
Foreword ix 
1. Introduction: The Implications of Cognitive Psychology for Testing 1 
Royce R. Ronning, Jane C. Conoley, and John G. Glover 
Overview of Chapters 3 
Concluding Comments 8 
References 8 
PART I: THE COGNITIVE-PSYCHOMETRIC CONNECTION 
2. Science, Technology, and Intelligence 
Earl Hunt 
The Present Status of Psychometric Theory 
The Cognitive Psychology Approach 18 
The Union of the Camps 34 
Conclusion 36 
References 37 
13 
11 
3. Toward a Cognitive Theory for the Measurement of Achievement 41 
Robert Glaser, Alan Lesgold, and Susanne Lajoie 
Introduction 41 
Cognitive Research Relevant to the Measurement 
of Achievement 43 
Cognitive Research Applied to Testing 
Methodology 60 
Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Laboratories 
for Integrating Testing and Instruction 69 
Summary: General Dimensions for a Cognitive 
Approach to the Measurement of Achievement 77 
References 82 
v 
vi Contents 
4. The g Beyond Factor Analysis 
Arthur R. Jensen 
Some Definitions 87 
Some Facts of Nature 88 
Factor Analysis and the Highest Order 
Factor 90 
Fluid and Crystallized Ability 96 
Size and Invariance of g 97 
Practical External Validity of g 99 
The "Reality" of g 100 
Refining g 107 
Task Complexity and g 111 
Theories of g 119 
References 136 
Appendix 139 
PART II: COGNITIVE APPROACHES TO PSYCHOMETRIC ISSUES: 
APPLICATIONS 
87 
5. The Assessment of Cognitive Factors in Academic Abilities 145 
Stephen L. Benton and Kenneth A. Kiewra 
Declarative Knowledge 146 
Procedural Knowledge 148 
Control Processes 149 
Cognitive Strategies 150 
Metacognition 152 
Reading 153 
Writing 163 
Mathematics 175 
Science 179 
Conclusion 182 
References 184 
6. Theoretical Implications from Protocol Analysis on Testing and 
Measurement 191 
K. Anders Ericsson 
An Outline of the Chapter 193 
Protocol Analysis and Verbal Reports 194 
Implications of Verbal Reports for Measurement 
and Theoretical Abstractions 200 
Exceptional Ability Vs. Acquired Skill 216 
Concluding Remarks 221 
References 223 
PART III: METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 
7. Structure and Process in Cognitive Psychology Using 
Multidimensional Scaling and Related Techniques 
Edward J. Shoben and Brian H. Ross 
Introduction 229 
Distinguishing Theories: An Illustrative 
Example 230 
Kinds of MDS and Related Procedures 231 
MDS as a Method for Determining Structure 232 
Applications of MDS to Cognitive Tasks 235 
MDS Results as a Source of Processing 
Explanations 235 
MDS and Constraints on Semantic Memory 237 
Music Perception 238 
Measurement of Change in Structure 241 
Contextual Effects 243 
Context and Increased Dimensionality 245 
MDS and the Underlying Representation 247 
Problems with Categories 249 
Selecting a Representation 251 
Minkowski r Metrics 252 
MDS and Memory Theories 254 
The Promise and Limitations of MDS for 
Cognitive Psychology 262 
References 263 
8. New Perspectives in the Analysis of Abilities 
John B. Carroll 
Introduction 267 
What is an Ability? 268 
The Person Characteristic Function (PCF) 275 
Cognitive Psychology and Task Difficulty 279 
Application of the Theory to Cognitive 
Ability Factors 280 
Discussion 282 
References 283 
Author Index 285 
Subject Index 293 
Contents vii 
229 
267 



https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=buroscogpsych

Title Page and Contents- The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska

UNL | Libraries