Jablonski, Daniel

Kardos, Gábor

Vági, Balázs

Ecologica Montenegrina

English

University of Debrecen Electronic Archive

Ecol. Mont., 2 (3), 2015,  194-196                                                                                                                                   194 
  
                
ISSN 2336-9744 (online) | ISSN 2337-0173 (print)      
The journal is available on line at  www.ecol-mne.com 
 
 
 
Abbreviata abbreviata (Rudolphi, 1819) as a new nematode parasite for 
Malpolon insignitus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827) recorded in 
Albania 
 
 
DANIEL JABLONSKI
1, BALÁZS VÁGI2 & GÁBOR KARDOS3 
 
 
1Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B-1, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia. 
2Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, 
Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Herman Ottó út 15, Hungary. 
3
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 
98, Hungary. 
Corresponding author: Daniel Jablonski, e-mail: daniel.jablonski@balcanica.cz 
 
 
Received 13 March 2015 │ Accepted 11 April 2015 │ Published online 13 April 2015. 
 
 
Physalopteric nematodes parasitize the gastrointestinal tract of many vertebrates including amphibians, 
reptiles, birds and mammals (Anderson 2000). The genus Abbreviata was split from the genus Physalopteris 
by Travassos (1920), presently it is comprised of 47 species (Bain et al. 2014). The genus is characterized by 
two dentated pseudolabia with one externolateral, one internolateral and two double submedian teeth. 
Subgeneric classification is based on the number of uterine branches (Morgan 1946). 
The genus has a worldwide distribution (Bain et al. 2014). Life cycles of Abbreviata species are 
poorly known, intermediate host are invertebrates (Anderson 2000). Coleopterans, othopterans and 
mantopterans were found to be suitable intermediate hosts by Kabilov (1980) in an experimental system; A. 
antarctica was shown to develop in the tropical cricket (King et al. 2013). Larval forms were also found in 
amphibians, reptiles and mammals (Bain et al. 2014); whether these observations represent intermediate, 
definitive or paratenic hosts is unknown. Some reports of unusual hosts can also be found (Von Linstow 
1883), which may be pseudoparasitic occurrences when predators of definitive hosts swallow the helminths 
in the prey. 
Nematodes in the genus Abbreviata are closely related (Anderson 2009), and more than one 
nematode species may occur in more than one host species. According to Morgan (1946) seventeen of that 
time accepted 27 species of the genus used reptiles as definitive hosts, nine used mammals, while A. ranae is 
found in various frogs and toads. Lizards are by far the most important hosts. Among species with reptile 
hosts, there are host-specific and euryxenous species (Jones 2014).  
Abbreviata abbreviata (Rudolphi, 1819) is an Old World nematode species reported from the 
gastrointestinal tract of various lizards as well as snakes (originally described in Spain from an unknown 
lizard; for review see Yildirimhan et al. 2011). Regarding snakes it was reported from Natrix natrix (Kirin 
2002), Platyceps najadum (Biserkov 1995), Vipera ammodytes (Biserkov 1995; Yildirimhan et al. 2011), V. 
ursinii/renardi, V. berus and Macrovipera lebetina (Sharpilo 1976). So far known geographic range of this 
species of nematode parasite includes Algeria, Spain, Bulgaria, Crimea and Turkey (Yildirimhan et al. 
2011). 
Eastern Montpellier Snake, Malpolon insignitus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827) ranges from 
northeast Morocco throughout northern Africa (including Lampedusa Island) and Middle East, Cyprus, 
Anatolia to southeast Europe as far as western Iran and southern Russia. Here inhabits both natural and man-
made secondary places, prefers sun-exposed and warm localities in the plains and foothills (De Hann 1999). 
  Correspondence 
JABLONSKI ET AL. 
Ecol. Mont., 2 (3), 2015,  194-196                                                                                                                                   195 
 
It was formerly known as a subspecies of M. monspessullanus and elevated to a full species status with two 
subspecies, M. i. fuscus and M. i. insignitus based on molecular analyses (Carranza et al. 2006). In the 
Balkans, subspecies M. i. fuscus (Fleischmann, 1831) occurs. This species is an active predator, feeds on 
lizards, snakes, small mammals, bird and their eggs, large insects and more rarely amphibians (De Hann 
1999). According to our best knowledge, genus Abbreviata has not been reported from this snake species. 
Herein, we report records of A. abbreviata from two specimens of M. insignitus from Albania 
representing a novel host species as well as a new locality (country) for the parasite. Two fresh road-killed 
adult female M. insignitus were collected at 28 June and 3 July 2014 in Albania. First specimen (1100 mm 
TL) was found in Tomorrit Mts. (40.59845°N, 20.14207°E, datum WGS 84, 716 m a.s.l.), the second one 
(1200 mm TL) near Lukovë village (39.97863°N, 19.93523°E, datum WGS 84, 271 m a.s.l.). The body 
cavity of both specimens was opened in the field and the digestive tract was removed. The esophagus, 
stomach, small and large intestine and lungs were opened and separately examined for helminths by eyes. 
Twelve and eight specimens of nematodes visible for the naked eye were found in the small intestine of the 
first and the second snake, respectively. Noticeable food remains were not detected in the digestive tract. 
Recorded specimens of nematodes were killed and fixed in 70% ethanol. Nematodes were cleared in a drop 
of glycerol and identified using a compound microscope. Its identification was based on keys given by 
Yamaguti (1961), Sharpilo (1976) and Anderson et al. (2009). 
 
 
 
These two observations may be interpreted as endoparasites of the snakes but possibly also as 
pseudoparasitic occurrences. As M. insignitus is a snake preying mostly upon lizards (De Hann 1999), 
helminths may originate from prey animals, implicating that the parasite is probably present in lizards 
(potentially Lacerta trilineata; cf. Yildirimhan et al. 2011) in the area. However, the presence of several 
individual helminths in both host snakes suggests that A. abbreviata may have been an endoparasite for the 
two snake specimens found. Speculatively, this species may be an accidental host, similarly to Crotalus 
Figure 1. Map with records of Abbreviata 
abbreviata at road-kill specimens of Malpolon 
insignitus in Albania: 1 - Tomorrit Mts., 2 - Lukovë 
village. 
 
FIRST RECORD OF ABBREVIATA ABBREVIATA FROM ALBANIA 
Ecol. Mont., 2 (3), 2015,  194-196                                                                                                                                   196 
 
lepidus as suggested by Goldberg et al. (2002). In any case, detailed parasitological research is necessary for 
deeper evaluation of parasite fauna in reptiles of the Balkans and the relationships between them. 
 
 
Acknowledgments 
We would like to thank J. Sitko (Comenius Museum in Přerov, Czech Republic) for his help with determination of the 
nematode parasite species and D. Kirin (University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria) for comments. Financial support was provided 
by the Balassi Institute, Hungary (B2/1CS/11521/1). 
 
 
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Abbreviata abbreviata (Rudolphi, 1819) as a new nematode parasite for Malpolon insignitus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827) recorded in Albania

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Abbreviata abbreviata (Rudolphi, 1819) as a new nematode parasite for Malpolon insignitus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827) recorded in Albania

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