The transition to a post-growth society: the case of Bhutan

Abstract

The degrowth movement is a theoretical and practical response to the current multi-fold crisis (Rockstrom et al. 2009; Millenium Development Goals 2000; D'Alisa et al. 2015). While its framework describes a strategy for the industrialised world to downscaling production and consumption to attain an "optimal scale" of the economic system, its goal is applicable world-wide, as it aims to create a post-growth society based on the material sufficiency (Trainer 2012; Alexander 2015), internal well-being and ecological sustainability (Latouche 2010; Alexander 2013; D'Alisa et al. 2015). In an attempt to explore the policy strategies that facilitate the transition towards a post-growth society, this research aims to answer the following question: What are the policy strategies used by Bhutan to transition to a post-growth society and what lessons can be drawn from this experience? Bhutan is a worthwhile study case as it is a pioneer post-growth initiative led by the state. The research developed a framework of the policy strategies drawn upon the degrowth literature, which was used for exploring the Bhutanese case. The results show that Bhutan is currently using a wide range of strategies depicted by the literature and is very strong in the strategies related to ecological integrity and the creation of post-growth indicators of progress. The advantages and disadvantages of a transition led by the state are outlined as well as the pitfalls that the country is facing to implement a post-growth society. The Bhutanese experience sheds light about successful strategies that can be used to transition to post-growth society and shows that an alternative path of development is possible in practice

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