Palaeogrosphus jacquesi sp. n., the third known sub-fossil scorpion from Malagasy copal, is described. This is the fourth record of a sub-fossil scorpion in copal. The copal specimen was collected in the mines of the region of Sambava, Province of Antsiranana in the northeast of Madagascar. It belongs to the genus Palaeogrosphus Lourenço, 2000, described from Madagascar, and now represented by two sub-fossil species

Henderickx, Hans

Lourenço, Wilson R.

English

Marshall University

Euscorpius  Occasional Publications in Scorpiology     Another New Sub-Fossil Species of Scorpion of the Genus Palaeogrosphus Lourenço, 2000 from Malagasy Copal (Scorpiones: Buthidae)  Wilson R. Lourenço & Hans Henderickx   January 2012 – No. 137Euscorpius  Occasional Publications in Scorpiology   EDITOR: Victor Fet, Marshall University, ‘fet@marshall.edu’  ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Michael E. Soleglad, ‘soleglad@la.znet.com’  Euscorpius is the first research publication completely devoted to scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Euscorpius takes advantage of the rapidly evolving medium of quick online publication, at the same time maintaining high research standards for the burgeoning field of scorpion science (scorpiology). Euscorpius is an expedient and viable medium for the publication of serious papers in scorpiology, including (but not limited to): systematics, evolution, ecology, biogeography, and general biology of scorpions. Review papers, descriptions of new taxa, faunistic surveys, lists of museum collections, and book reviews are welcome.  Derivatio Nominis  The name Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 refers to the most common genus of scorpions in the Mediterranean region and southern Europe (family Euscorpiidae).    Euscorpius is located on Website ‘http://www.science.marshall.edu/fet/euscorpius/’ at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755-2510, USA.  The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 4th Edition, 1999) does not accept online texts as published work (Article 9.8); however, it accepts CD-ROM publications  (Article 8). Euscorpius is produced in two identical versions: online (ISSN 1536-9307) and CD-ROM (ISSN 1536-9293). Only copies distributed on a CD-ROM from Euscorpius are considered published work in compliance with the ICZN, i.e. for the purposes of new names and new nomenclatural acts. All Euscorpius publications are distributed on a CD-ROM medium to the following museums/libraries:  • ZR, Zoological Record, York, UK • LC, Library of Congress, Washington, DC, USA • USNM, United States National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution), Washington, DC, USA • AMNH, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA • CAS, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA • FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA • MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA • MNHN, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France • NMW, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria • BMNH, British Museum of Natural History, London, England, UK • MZUC, Museo Zoologico “La Specola” dell’Universita de Firenze, Florence, Italy • ZISP, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia • WAM, Western Australian Museum, Perth, Australia • NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway • OUMNH, Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, UK • NEV, Library Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, Netherlands  Publication date: 16 January 2012 Euscorpius — Occasional Publications in Scorpiology. 2012, No. 137 Another new sub-fossil species of scorpion of the genus Palaeogrosphus Lourenço, 2000 from Malagasy copal (Scorpiones: Buthidae)  Wilson R. Lourenço 1 & Hans Henderickx 2  1 Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, UMR7205, CP 053,   57 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris, France; e-mail: arachne@mnhn.fr  2 Department of Biology, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium;   email: hans.henderickx@pandora.be   Summary  Palaeogrosphus jacquesi sp. n., the third known sub-fossil scorpion from Malagasy copal, is described. This is the fourth record of a sub-fossil scorpion in copal. The copal specimen was collected in the mines of the region of Sambava, Province of Antsiranana in the northeast of Madagascar. It belongs to the genus Palaeogrosphus Lourenço, 2000, described from Madagascar, and now represented by two sub-fossil species.   Introduction  Although fossil scorpion findings in resins, in particular in amber, have become more common in recent years (Lourenço, 2009a), records from copal remain extremely rare. The only three species previously found in copal are Palaeogrosphus copalensis (Lour-enço, 1996) and Microcharmus henderickxi Lourenço, 2009, two buthoids from the Province of Antsiranana (Diego-Suarez), Madagascar, and Chactas pleisto-cenicus Lourenço et Weitschat, 2005, a chactid from Penia Blanca, Province of Santander in Colombia (Lourenço, 1996, 2009b; Lourenço & Weitschat, 2005). In this note, a short description is presented for a new species found in Malagasy copal. It belongs also to the genus Palaeogrosphus Lourenço, 2000 (family Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837). The genus Palaeogrosphus is uniquely known from Malagasy copal.  Material  The specimen investigated was obtained by the junior author. It is enclosed in a more or less oval piece of clear, yellowish copal (76 x 25 x 8 mm), containing numerous bubbles. The weight of the piece is 10.7 g. The piece is conserved in the personal collection of Alex Beigel (Würselen, Germany). For more details about Malagasy amber see Bosselaers (2004).   Palaeogrosphus jacquesi Lourenço et Henderickx, sp. n.  Diagnosis  Small scorpion, measuring only 15−16 mm in total length (see some morphometric values after the description). Carapace with a moderate concavity; med-ian ocular tubercle anterior to the centre of the carapace; three pairs of lateral eyes. Cheliceral dentition in accor-dance with the buthid pattern (Vachon, 1963). Pedipalp slender but moderately long; movable and fixed fingers with 9−10 rows only slightly oblique rows of granules. Tibial spurs not easily discernable, probably reduced. Sternum poorly discernable, more to triangular. Pectines poorly discernable, moderately long with 14−15 teeth. Basal middle lamella not dilated. Spiracles not clearly discernable, approximately slit-like. Telson with a strongly bulbous vesicle; aculeus moderately curved, with a strongly marked semi-rhomboidal to semi-spinoid tooth. Trichobothrial pattern of type A-alpha, probably orthobothriotaxic (Vachon, 1974, 1975), but not all trichobothria are discernable. The new species is geographically and geologically close to Palaeogrosphus copalensis (Lourenço, 1996), described from the same region in Madagascar, from which it can be distinguished by a smaller overall size (15−16 mm, versus 23−25 for P. copalensis), distinct morphometric  values   (see  Lourenço,  1996),  a  darker   Euscorpius — 2012, No. 137 2   Figure 1 : Palaeogrosphus jacquesi sp. n. A. The general view in copal matrix, dorsal aspect. B. Metasomal segments III−V and telson, lateral aspect. C. In detail, carapace, chelicerae and left pedipalp. Lourenço & Henderickx: New Sub-Fossil Scorpion of Palaeogrosphus 3general coloration, and stronger carination on the cara-pace, pedipalps and ventral aspect of metasoma.  Description  Holotype (most certainly a male). Madagascar, Pro-vince of Antsiranana, from mines in the Sambava area, August 2011 (B. Jacques). Deposited in the personal collection of Alex Beigel (Würselen, Germany). Etymology. Patronym in honor of Benoît Jacques (Spa, Belgium), who collected the type specimen. Coloration. The general color of the copal resin is pale yellow. The specimen shows a darker coloration, being of a general reddish-brown to dark brown. Morphology. Carapace moderately granular; an-terior margin with a very moderately marked median concavity. All carinae moderate to weak; furrows moderately to weakly developed. Median ocular tubercle anterior to the centre of carapace; median eyes separated by a little more than one ocular diameter. Three pairs of lateral eyes. Sternum poorly discernable, seems to be rather triangular. Mesosoma: tergites with minute but moderately intense granulation. Median carina mod-erately to weakly developed in all tergites. Tergite VII pentacarinate. Venter: genital operculum not clearly discernable. Pectines poorly discernable, moderately long with 14 and/or 15 teeth; basal middle lamella not dilated. Sternites probably smooth but poorly dis-cernable; spiracles poorly discernable, approximately slit-like in shape. Metasoma: all segments longer than wide, with carinae strongly marked; segments I to III with 10 carinae, crenulate; segment IV with 8 carinae, crenulate. Segment V with 5 carinae. Dorsal carinae on segments II to IV with at least one posterior spinoid granule strongly developed. Ventral carinae on segments IV and V with spinoid granules. Intercarinal spaces moderately granular. Telson with granules over latero-ventral and ventral surfaces; its dorsal surface smooth; aculeus weakly curved and longer than the vesicle; subaculear tooth strong, between rhomboid and spinoid. Cheliceral dentition characteristic of the family Buthidae (Vachon, 1963). Pedipalps: femur pentacarinate; patella with dorsointernal and ventrointernal carinae and with several spinoid granules on the internal face; chela with some moderately marked carinae. Fixed and movable fingers with 9−10 slightly oblique rows of granules. Trichobothrial pattern of type A-α, probably ortho-bothriotaxic (Vachon, 1974, 1975), but not all tricho-bothria are discernable. Tibial spurs not easily dis-cernable, probably reduced.  Morphometric values (in mm) of male holotype.  Total length (including telson), 15.9. Carapace: length, 2.2; anterior width, 1.6; posterior width, 2.5. Metasomal segments. I: length, 1.2; width, 1.3; V: length, 1.7; width, 1.0; depth, 1.1. Telson length, 2.0. Vesicle: depth, 0.9. Pedipalp: femur length, 1.5, width, 0.8; patella length, 2.6, width, 1.0; chela length, 3.6, width, 1.0; movable finger length, 2.3.  Acknowledgments  We are most grateful to Benoît Jacques (Spa, Belgium) who collected the specimen and allowed its study, and to Victor Fet and Michael Soleglad for their comments on the manuscript.  References  BOSSELAERS, J. 2004. A new Garcorops species from Madagascar copal (Araneae: Solenopidae). Zootaxa, 445: 1−7.  LOURENÇO, W. R. 1996. Premier cas connu d’un sub-fossile de scorpion dans le copal de Madagascar. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris, 323, ser. IIa : 889−891.  LOURENÇO, W. R. 2000. More about the Buthoidea of Madagascar, with special references to the genus Tityobuthus Pocock (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 107(4): 721−736.  LOURENÇO, W. R. 2009a. A synopsis of the amber scorpions, with special reference to the Baltic fauna. In: Zugleich Kataloge der oberösterreichischen Landermuseen. Denisia, 26 (n. ser.), 86: 131−136.  LOURENÇO, W. R. 2009b. A new sub-fossil scorpion of the genus Microcharmus Lourenço, 1995 from Malagasy copal (Scorpiones, Microcharmidae). Bo-letin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 44: 135−137.  LOURENÇO W. R. & W. WEITSCHAT. 2005. First sub-fossil scorpion of the genus Chactas Gervais from Colombian copal (Scorpiones, Chactidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Paläonto-logischen Institut der Universität Hamburg, 89: 179−182.  VACHON, M. 1963. De l’utilité, en systématique, d’une nomenclature des dents des chélicères chez les Scorpions. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 2è série, 35(2): 161−166.  VACHON, M. 1974. Etude des caractères utilisés pour classer les familles et les genres de Scorpions (Arachnides). 1. La trichobothriotaxie en arach-nologie. Sigles trichobothriaux et types de tri-Euscorpius — 2012, No. 137 4  chobothriotaxie chez les Scorpions. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 3è série, n° 140, Zool., 104: 857−958.  VACHON, M. 1975. Sur l’utilisation de la tri-chobothriotaxie du bras des pédipalpes des Scor-pions (Arachnides) dans le classement des genres de la famille des Buthidae Simon. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris, série D, 281: 1597−1599.  

Another new sub-fossil species of scorpion of the genus \u3cem\u3ePalaeogrosphus\u3c/em\u3e Lourenço, 2000 from Malagasy copal (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

https://mds.marshall.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1071&amp;context=euscorpius

Another new sub-fossil species of scorpion of the genus \u3cem\u3ePalaeogrosphus\u3c/em\u3e Lourenço, 2000 from Malagasy copal (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

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