An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dried distillers grains (DDG) supplementation level and composition on growing steer performance and forage intake. Factors included DDG supplementation level (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 or 1.00% of BW), and DDG solubles level (0, 5.4, 14.5, 19.1, or 22.1% DM). Final BW improved, and forage intake decreased with increasing levels of DDG. An interaction between DDG supplementation level and solubles level was observed on ADG and F:G and was likely related to supplemental fat levels. Supplementation of forages with DDG improves performance while decreasing forage intake when fat levels are not too great

Corrigan, Mark E.

Erickson, Galen E.

Gibson, Matt L.

Greenquist, Matthew A.

Karges, Kip

Klopfenstein, Terry J.

Luebbe, Matt K.

Vander Pol, Kyle J.

English

UNL | Libraries

University of Nebraska - Lincoln 
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln 
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports Animal Science Department 
January 2007 
Effect of Distillers Grains Composition and Level on Steers 
Consuming High-Quality Forage 
Mark E. Corrigan 
University of Nebraska-Lincoln 
Galen E. Erickson 
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, gerickson4@unl.edu 
Terry J. Klopfenstein 
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, tklopfenstein1@unl.edu 
Kyle J. Vander Pol 
University of Nebraska-Lincoln 
Matthew A. Greenquist 
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, mgreenquist2@unl.edu 
See next page for additional authors 
Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr 
 Part of the Animal Sciences Commons 
Corrigan, Mark E.; Erickson, Galen E.; Klopfenstein, Terry J.; Vander Pol, Kyle J.; Greenquist, Matthew A.; 
Luebbe, Matt K.; Karges, Kip; and Gibson, Matt L., "Effect of Distillers Grains Composition and Level on 
Steers Consuming High-Quality Forage" (2007). Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports. 61. 
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr/61 
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Department at 
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nebraska Beef Cattle 
Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 
Authors 
Mark E. Corrigan, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Matthew A. Greenquist, Matt 
K. Luebbe, Kip Karges, and Matt L. Gibson 
This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/
animalscinbcr/61 
© The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska.  All rights reserved. 2007 Nebraska Beef Report  — Page 17 
Effect of Distillers Grains Composition and Level on Steers 
Consuming High-Quality Forage
Mark E. Corrigan
Galen E. Erickson
Terry J. Klopfenstein
Kyle J. Vander Pol
Matthew A. Greenquist
Matthew K. Luebbe
Kip Karges
Matt L. Gibson1
Summary
An experiment was conducted to 
determine the effects of dried distill-
ers grains (DDG) supplementation 
level and composition on growing steer 
performance and forage intake. Factors 
included DDG supplementation level 
(0.25, 0.50, 0.75 or 1.00% of BW), and 
DDG solubles level (0, 5.4, 14.5, 19.1, or 
22.1% DM). Final BW improved, and 
forage intake decreased with increasing 
levels of DDG. An interaction between 
DDG supplementation level and solu-
bles level was observed on ADG and F:
G and was likely related to supplemental 
fat levels. Supplementation of forages 
with DDG improves performance while 
decreasing forage intake when fat levels 
are not too great.
Introduction
Supplementing forage with dried 
distillers grains (DDG) decreases for-
age DMI and increases ADG (Morris 
et al., 2005 Nebraska Beef Report, pp. 
18-20; Morris et al., 2006 Nebraska 
Beef Report, pp. 0-2). This allows 
producers to increase the carrying 
capacity of pastures, and expand cur-
rent production without increasing 
the amount of land devoted to graz-
ing. Although the forage replacement 
value of DDG has been researched, 
the importance of supplemental DDG 
composition has not. Of concern is 
the variability of DDG produced both 
between and within ethanol plants 
and its impact on animal production 
measures. The goal of the current 
study was to examine the effects of 
DDG composition at increasing levels 
of DDG supplementation in steers fed 
high quality forage.
Procedure
One-hundred twenty crossbred 
steer calves (549 ± 27 lb) were used in 
a randomized complete block design. 
Upon arrival at the feedlot, steers were 
individually identified and vaccinated. 
Five days prior to initiation of the 
experiment, steers were limit fed (2% 
BW) a diet containing 40% wet corn 
gluten feed, 27.5% grass hay, 27.5% 
alfalfa hay, and 5% supplement. Steers 
were weighed on three consecutive 
days, immediately prior to initiation of 
the experiment, and the average of the 
three weights was used as the initial 
BW. A 4 x 5 factorial treatment struc-
ture was used with the factors being 
DDG supplementation level (0.25, 
0.50, 0.75 or 1.00% of BW), and DDG 
solubles level (0, 5.4, 14.5, 19.1, and 
22.1% DM; calculated using NDF con-
tent of solubles and 0% solubles DDG). 
Varying solubles levels were added to 
the distillers grains before drying at 
the Otter Creek Ethanol, Ashton, Iowa. 
The amount ranged from 0 to 110% of 
the amount of solubles produced in the 
plant relative to the amount of dried 
grains (DM basis). Steers were strati-
fied by weight before being assigned 
randomly to treatments, and the ex-
periment was conducted in two blocks 
(60 steers/block) representing two dif-
ferent time periods.
All steers were fed once daily and 
allowed ad libitum access to the basal 
diet that consisted of 58.8% alfalfa hay, 
9.2% sorghum silage, and 2% vitamin 
and mineral supplement. Steers were 
fed individually using Calan electronic 
gates and the DDG was placed on top 
of the forage to encourage complete 
consumption. Amount of DDG sup-
plemented was determined using the 
initial BW for the first 28 days. Body 
weights were also taken days 27 and 28, 
as well as days 55 and 56. Average BW 
from those two-day periods was used 
to adjust supplemental DDG amounts 
appropriately. Prior to initiation of the 
trial, DDG was transferred from a feed 
bin to 50 lb bags. Samples were taken 
periodically during the bagging pro-
cess to ensure a representative sample 
was obtained. Refused feed samples 
were taken weekly and analyzed for 
DM and CP content to determine the 
amount of DDG and forage refused. 
DDG samples were also taken and 
analyzed for DM, CP, fat, and NDF 
content (Table 1).
Results
Data for the effects of DDG sup-
plementation level on intake and BW 
are presented in Table 2. There was a 
linear (P<0.01) effect of supplementa-
tion level on final BW, forage intake, 
and DDG intake. Distillers grains 
supplementation level also tended to 
affect final BW quadratically  
(P= 0.08). Final BW improved with 
increasing levels of DDG supplemen-
tation, but only a 1 lb increase was 
seen when increasing the DDG level 
from 0.75 to 1.00% of BW. Forage 
intake decreased, while DDG intake 
increased with increasing levels of 
supplementation. These observations 
are consistent with previous studies 
examining the effects of DDG supple-
mentation level on intake and perfor-
mance (Morris et al., 2005 Nebraska 
Beef Report, pp. 18-20; MacDonald et 
al., 2006 Nebraska Beef Report, pp. 27-
29; Morris et al., 2006 Nebraska Beef 
Report, pp. 0-2). Supplementing for-
age-based diets with DDG is advanta-
geous in terms of maximizing forage 
use compared to corn. The high starch 
content of corn causes an increase in 
the number of ruminal amylolytic 
bacteria that compete with cellulolytic 
bacteria. Competition between these 
two bacterial populations leads to an 
overall reduction in fiber digestion. 
In the case of DDG, starch content is 
relatively low and bacterial competi-
tion is not a major factor.
Page 18 — 2007 Nebraska Beef Report  © The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska.  All rights reserved.
(P<0.05) response was observed. With-
in the 22.1% solubles treatment group, 
the highest ADG were seen with the 
0.50 and 0.75% DDG supplementation 
treatments. Within the 1.00% DDG 
supplementation group, a quadratic 
(P<0.05) response in ADG to solubles 
level was also observed. Within that 
group, a numeric increase in ADG was 
observed up to the 14.5% solubles level, 
but ADG numerically decreased when 
the solubles level was increased to 19.1 
and 22.1%. Interestingly, steers within 
the 1.00% DDG supplementation 
group who were fed the 19.1 and 22.1% 
solubles consumed the highest amount 
of supplemental fat (4.5 and 4.8% of 
total diet DM respectively). Although 
fat content of the diet would be 
expected to increase the energy value 
of the diet, fat can also have a depress-
ing effect on fiber digestion. At higher 
fat levels, the depression in fiber diges-
tion may have overcome the increased 
energy supplied by the supplemental 
fat, possibly explaining the interaction. 
Results from this trial indicate that 
the highest supplemental fat level for 
maximizing ADG in steers consuming 
a high quality forage diet is between 
.6 and 4.5% of total diet DM. 
In summary, with increasing lev-
els of DDG, final BW was increased, 
whereas forage intake was decreased. 
The interaction between DDG supple-
mentation level and solubles level on 
ADG and F:G is likely a reflection of 
factors associated with supplemental fat 
level. Although results from this trial 
indicate that feeding high levels of a 
high fat content DDG may depress ADG 
in steers fed a high quality roughage 
diet, over most treatments the response 
to solubles level appeared small. Within 
the DDG types fed in this trial that 
are most comparable to those fed by 
producers (5.4 - 19.1% solubles), ADG 
increased linearly with increasing DDG 
supplementation levels. 
1Mark E. Corrigan, graduate student; Galen 
E. Erickson, professor; Terry J. Klopfenstein, pro-
fessor; Kyle J. Vander Pol, research technician; 
Matthew A. Greenquist, research technician; and 
Matthew K. Luebbe, research technician, Animal 
Science, Lincoln; Kip Karges and Matt L. Gibson, 
Dakota Gold Marketing.
Table 1. Composition of dried distillers grains with solubles.
   Solubles Level, %a
 0 5.4 14.5 19.1 22.1
DM, % 95.5 92.1 90.8 89. 89.6
CP, % 2.1 1.9 1.5 0.7 0.9
Fat, % 6.9 8.9 10.4 12.7 1.
NDF, % 6.8 4.9 1.9 0. 29.
aSolubles level calculated using % NDF of solubles (2.%) and 0% solubles DDG.
Table 2. Effect of dried distillers grains supplementation level on intake and BW of growing steers.
 DDG Supplementation Level, % BW P-value
 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 SEM  Linear  Quadratic  Cubic
Initial BW, lb 609 611 605 607 21.5 0.72 0.98 0.62
Final BW, lb 806 85 849 850 2.9 < 0.01 0.08 0.94
Forage intake, lb/day 15.2 14.6 1.8 12.4 0.8 < 0.01 0.18 0.50
DDG intake, lb/day 1.7 .5 5.2 6.7 0.19 < 0.01 0.97 0.99
Table 3. Effect of dried distillers grains composition on intake and BW of growing steers.
 DDG Solubles Level, % P-value
 0.01 5.4 14.5  19.1 22.1 SEM  Linear Quadratic Cubic
Initial BW, lb 609 606 609 605 612 21.5 0.89 0.68 0.98
Final BW, lb 82 81 88 826 848 2.9 0.6 0.52 0.47
Forage intake, lb/day 1.9 14.1 1.9 1.6 14.5 0.8 0.69 0.28 0.06
DDG intake, lb/day 4. 4. 4.2 4.2 4. 0.19 0.99 0.65 0.60
Table 4. Effect of dried distillers grains supplementation level and composition on ADG and F:G of 
growing steers.
 DDG Solubles Level, %
DDG Level, % BW 0.0a 5.4b 14.5b 19.1b 22.1c  SEM 
ADG      0.19
 0.25d 2.57 2. 2.1 2.22 2.50
 0.50e 2.8 2.52 2.85 2.49 .08
 0.75 2.87 2.8 2.81 .02 2.94
 1.0f 2.78 .06 .11 2.80 2.74
F:G      —
 0.25d 6.6 7.22 8.00 7.14 7.18
 0.50e 7.45 7.01 6.29 7.05 6.16 
 0.75 6.58 6.64 6.42 6.28 6.74
 1.00 6.99 6.50 6.1 6.59 6.74
aCubic effect of DDG supplementation level on ADG within solubles level (P<0.05).
bLinear effect of DDG supplementation level on ADG within solubles level (P<0.01).
cQuadratic effect of DDG supplementation level on ADG within solubles level (P<0.05).
dQuadratic effect of solubles level within distillers grains supplementation level (P<0.01).
eLinear effect of solubles level within distillers grains supplementation level (P<0.01).
fQuadratic effect of solubles level within distillers grains supplementation level (P<0.05).
Data for the effects of DDG com-
position on intake and BW are pre-
sented in Table . There tended to be 
a cubic (P= 0.06) effect of solubles 
level on forage intake. The numeri-
cally lowest intake observed was with 
the 19.1% level and the numerically 
highest intake observed was with 
the 22.1% level. No other effects of 
solubles level on intake or BW were 
observed.
A DDG supplementation level x 
solubles level interaction (P<0.01) was 
observed for ADG and F:G (Table 4). 
The effects of DDG supplementation 
level on ADG within each solubles 
level may help explain this interaction. 
Within the intermediate solubles levels 
(5.4 - 19.1%) a linear (P<0.01) increase 
in ADG was observed in response 
to increasing DDG supplementation 
levels, but at the 22.1% level a quadratic 


Effect of Distillers Grains Composition and Level on Steers Consuming High-Quality Forage

DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska

University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports Animal Science Department January 2007 Effect of Distillers Grains Composition and Level on Steers Consuming High-Quality Forage Mark E. Corrigan University of Nebraska-Lincoln Galen E. Erickson University of Nebraska-Lincoln, gerickson4@unl.edu Terry J. Klopfenstein University of Nebraska-Lincoln, tklopfenstein1@unl.edu Kyle J. Vander Pol University of Nebraska-Lincoln Matthew A. Greenquist University of Nebraska-Lincoln, mgreenquist2@unl.edu See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr  Part of the Animal Sciences Commons Corrigan, Mark E.; Erickson, Galen E.; Klopfenstein, Terry J.; Vander Pol, Kyle J.; Greenquist, Matthew A.; Luebbe, Matt K.; Karges, Kip; and Gibson, Matt L., "Effect of Distillers Grains Composition and Level on Steers Consuming High-Quality Forage" (2007). Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports. 61. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr/61 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Mark E. Corrigan, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Matthew A. Greenquist, Matt K. Luebbe, Kip Karges, and Matt L. Gibson This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr/61 © The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska.  All rights reserved. 2007 Nebraska Beef Report  — Page 17 Effect of Distillers Grains Composition and Level on Steers Consuming High-Quality ForageMark E. CorriganGalen E. EricksonTerry J. KlopfensteinKyle J. Vander PolMatthew A. GreenquistMatthew K. LuebbeKip KargesMatt L. Gibson1SummaryAn experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dried distill-ers grains (DDG) supplementation level and composition on growing steer performance and forage intake. Factors included DDG supplementation level (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 or 1.00% of BW), and DDG solubles level (0, 5.4, 14.5, 19.1, or 22.1% DM). Final BW improved, and forage intake decreased with increasing levels of DDG. An interaction between DDG supplementation level and solu-bles level was observed on ADG and F:G and was likely related to supplemental fat levels. Supplementation of forages with DDG improves performance while decreasing forage intake when fat levels are not too great.IntroductionSupplementing forage with dried distillers grains (DDG) decreases for-age DMI and increases ADG (Morris et al., 2005 Nebraska Beef Report, pp. 18-20; Morris et al., 2006 Nebraska Beef Report, pp. 0-2). This allows producers to increase the carrying capacity of pastures, and expand cur-rent production without increasing the amount of land devoted to graz-ing. Although the forage replacement value of DDG has been researched, the importance of supplemental DDG composition has not. Of concern is the variability of DDG produced both between and within ethanol plants and its impact on animal production measures. The goal of the current study was to examine the effects of DDG composition at increasing levels of DDG supplementation in steers fed high quality forage.ProcedureOne-hundred twenty crossbred steer calves (549 ± 27 lb) were used in a randomized complete block design. Upon arrival at the feedlot, steers were individually identified and vaccinated. Five days prior to initiation of the experiment, steers were limit fed (2% BW) a diet containing 40% wet corn gluten feed, 27.5% grass hay, 27.5% alfalfa hay, and 5% supplement. Steers were weighed on three consecutive days, immediately prior to initiation of the experiment, and the average of the three weights was used as the initial BW. A 4 x 5 factorial treatment struc-ture was used with the factors being DDG supplementation level (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 or 1.00% of BW), and DDG solubles level (0, 5.4, 14.5, 19.1, and 22.1% DM; calculated using NDF con-tent of solubles and 0% solubles DDG). Varying solubles levels were added to the distillers grains before drying at the Otter Creek Ethanol, Ashton, Iowa. The amount ranged from 0 to 110% of the amount of solubles produced in the plant relative to the amount of dried grains (DM basis). Steers were strati-fied by weight before being assigned randomly to treatments, and the ex-periment was conducted in two blocks (60 steers/block) representing two dif-ferent time periods.All steers were fed once daily and allowed ad libitum access to the basal diet that consisted of 58.8% alfalfa hay, 9.2% sorghum silage, and 2% vitamin and mineral supplement. Steers were fed individually using Calan electronic gates and the DDG was placed on top of the forage to encourage complete consumption. Amount of DDG sup-plemented was determined using the initial BW for the first 28 days. Body weights were also taken days 27 and 28, as well as days 55 and 56. Average BW from those two-day periods was used to adjust supplemental DDG amounts appropriately. Prior to initiation of the trial, DDG was transferred from a feed bin to 50 lb bags. Samples were taken periodically during the bagging pro-cess to ensure a representative sample was obtained. Refused feed samples were taken weekly and analyzed for DM and CP content to determine the amount of DDG and forage refused. DDG samples were also taken and analyzed for DM, CP, fat, and NDF content (Table 1).ResultsData for the effects of DDG sup-plementation level on intake and BW are presented in Table 2. There was a linear (P<0.01) effect of supplementa-tion level on final BW, forage intake, and DDG intake. Distillers grains supplementation level also tended to affect final BW quadratically  (P= 0.08). Final BW improved with increasing levels of DDG supplemen-tation, but only a 1 lb increase was seen when increasing the DDG level from 0.75 to 1.00% of BW. Forage intake decreased, while DDG intake increased with increasing levels of supplementation. These observations are consistent with previous studies examining the effects of DDG supple-mentation level on intake and perfor-mance (Morris et al., 2005 Nebraska Beef Report, pp. 18-20; MacDonald et al., 2006 Nebraska Beef Report, pp. 27-29; Morris et al., 2006 Nebraska Beef Report, pp. 0-2). Supplementing for-age-based diets with DDG is advanta-geous in terms of maximizing forage use compared to corn. The high starch content of corn causes an increase in the number of ruminal amylolytic bacteria that compete with cellulolytic bacteria. Competition between these two bacterial populations leads to an overall reduction in fiber digestion. In the case of DDG, starch content is relatively low and bacterial competi-tion is not a major factor.Page 18 — 2007 Nebraska Beef Report  © The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska.  All rights reserved.(P<0.05) response was observed. With-in the 22.1% solubles treatment group, the highest ADG were seen with the 0.50 and 0.75% DDG supplementation treatments. Within the 1.00% DDG supplementation group, a quadratic (P<0.05) response in ADG to solubles level was also observed. Within that group, a numeric increase in ADG was observed up to the 14.5% solubles level, but ADG numerically decreased when the solubles level was increased to 19.1 and 22.1%. Interestingly, steers within the 1.00% DDG supplementation group who were fed the 19.1 and 22.1% solubles consumed the highest amount of supplemental fat (4.5 and 4.8% of total diet DM respectively). Although fat content of the diet would be expected to increase the energy value of the diet, fat can also have a depress-ing effect on fiber digestion. At higher fat levels, the depression in fiber diges-tion may have overcome the increased energy supplied by the supplemental fat, possibly explaining the interaction. Results from this trial indicate that the highest supplemental fat level for maximizing ADG in steers consuming a high quality forage diet is between .6 and 4.5% of total diet DM. In summary, with increasing lev-els of DDG, final BW was increased, whereas forage intake was decreased. The interaction between DDG supple-mentation level and solubles level on ADG and F:G is likely a reflection of factors associated with supplemental fat level. Although results from this trial indicate that feeding high levels of a high fat content DDG may depress ADG in steers fed a high quality roughage diet, over most treatments the response to solubles level appeared small. Within the DDG types fed in this trial that are most comparable to those fed by producers (5.4 - 19.1% solubles), ADG increased linearly with increasing DDG supplementation levels. 1Mark E. Corrigan, graduate student; Galen E. Erickson, professor; Terry J. Klopfenstein, pro-fessor; Kyle J. Vander Pol, research technician; Matthew A. Greenquist, research technician; and Matthew K. Luebbe, research technician, Animal Science, Lincoln; Kip Karges and Matt L. Gibson, Dakota Gold Marketing.Table 1. Composition of dried distillers grains with solubles.   Solubles Level, %a 0 5.4 14.5 19.1 22.1DM, % 95.5 92.1 90.8 89. 89.6CP, % 2.1 1.9 1.5 0.7 0.9Fat, % 6.9 8.9 10.4 12.7 1.NDF, % 6.8 4.9 1.9 0. 29.aSolubles level calculated using % NDF of solubles (2.%) and 0% solubles DDG.Table 2. Effect of dried distillers grains supplementation level on intake and BW of growing steers. DDG Supplementation Level, % BW P-value 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 SEM  Linear  Quadratic  CubicInitial BW, lb 609 611 605 607 21.5 0.72 0.98 0.62Final BW, lb 806 85 849 850 2.9 < 0.01 0.08 0.94Forage intake, lb/day 15.2 14.6 1.8 12.4 0.8 < 0.01 0.18 0.50DDG intake, lb/day 1.7 .5 5.2 6.7 0.19 < 0.01 0.97 0.99Table 3. Effect of dried distillers grains composition on intake and BW of growing steers. DDG Solubles Level, % P-value 0.01 5.4 14.5  19.1 22.1 SEM  Linear Quadratic CubicInitial BW, lb 609 606 609 605 612 21.5 0.89 0.68 0.98Final BW, lb 82 81 88 826 848 2.9 0.6 0.52 0.47Forage intake, lb/day 1.9 14.1 1.9 1.6 14.5 0.8 0.69 0.28 0.06DDG intake, lb/day 4. 4. 4.2 4.2 4. 0.19 0.99 0.65 0.60Table 4. Effect of dried distillers grains supplementation level and composition on ADG and F:G of growing steers. DDG Solubles Level, %DDG Level, % BW 0.0a 5.4b 14.5b 19.1b 22.1c  SEM ADG      0.19 0.25d 2.57 2. 2.1 2.22 2.50 0.50e 2.8 2.52 2.85 2.49 .08 0.75 2.87 2.8 2.81 .02 2.94 1.0f 2.78 .06 .11 2.80 2.74F:G      — 0.25d 6.6 7.22 8.00 7.14 7.18 0.50e 7.45 7.01 6.29 7.05 6.16  0.75 6.58 6.64 6.42 6.28 6.74 1.00 6.99 6.50 6.1 6.59 6.74aCubic effect of DDG supplementation level on ADG within solubles level (P<0.05).bLinear effect of DDG supplementation level on ADG within solubles level (P<0.01).cQuadratic effect of DDG supplementation level on ADG within solubles level (P<0.05).dQuadratic effect of solubles level within distillers grains supplementation level (P<0.01).eLinear effect of solubles level within distillers grains supplementation level (P<0.01).fQuadratic effect of solubles level within distillers grains supplementation level (P<0.05).Data for the effects of DDG com-position on intake and BW are pre-sented in Table . There tended to be a cubic (P= 0.06) effect of solubles level on forage intake. The numeri-cally lowest intake observed was with the 19.1% level and the numerically highest intake observed was with the 22.1% level. No other effects of solubles level on intake or BW were observed.A DDG supplementation level x solubles level interaction (P<0.01) was observed for ADG and F:G (Table 4). The effects of DDG supplementation level on ADG within each solubles level may help explain this interaction. Within the intermediate solubles levels (5.4 - 19.1%) a linear (P<0.01) increase in ADG was observed in response to increasing DDG supplementation levels, but at the 22.1% level a quadratic 

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Effect of Distillers Grains Composition and Level on Steers Consuming High-Quality Forage

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